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Colonic vascular conductance increased by Daikenchuto via calcitonin gene-related peptide and receptor-activity modifying protein 1.

BACKGROUND: Daikencyuto (DKT) is a traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo) and is a mixture of extract powders from dried Japanese pepper, processed ginger, ginseng radix, and maltose powder and has been used as the treatment of paralytic ileus. DKT may increase gastrointestinal motility by an up-regulation of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). CGRP is also the most powerful vasoactive substance. In the present study, we investigated whether DKT has any effect on the colonic blood flow in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed on fasted anesthetized and artificially ve

Effects of ginseng saponins on responses induced by various receptor stimuli.

We investigated the effects of four ginseng saponins, ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rg2, -Rg3 and -Ro, on the responses induced by receptor stimulation of various stimuli. Ginsenoside-Rg2 (1-100 microM) reduced the secretions of catecholamines from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells stimulated by acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid but not by angiotensin II, bradykinin, histamine and neurotensin. In guinea-pig, the ginsenoside also diminished the nicotine-induced secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal chromaffin cells, but it did not affect the muscarine- and the histamine-induced ileum contracti

Ginseng for the Management of Cancer-Related Fatigue: An Integrative Review.

BackgroundCancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most prevalent, debilitating symptoms affecting a majority of patients with cancer worldwide. It can lead to poor compliance with anticancer therapy and discontinuation of treatment. Current management strategies for CRF center around activity and exercise; however, these strategies can be challenging for many patients undergoing active treatment. Ginseng has been shown to improve CRF and may provide benefit for patients suffering from CRF.MethodsA systematic review was completed by searching PubMed and Scopus databases.Results115 search res

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… Pilot study of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) to improve cancer-related fatigue: A randomized, double-blind, dose-finding evaluation: NCCTG trial N03CA . … Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius: From pharmacology to toxicology . Food and Chemical Toxicology , 107 ( Pt A ), 362 – 372 . 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.019 28698154 PMC7116968 Mendoza T. R ., Wang X. S ., Cleeland C. S ., Morrissey M ., Johnson B. A ., Wendt J. K ., & Huber S. L . ( 1999 ). …

Protective Effects of Ginseng Soluble Dietary Fiber and Its Fecal Microbiota Extract on Antibiotic-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Obese Mice.

Prolonged or improper antibiotic use may increase the risk of obesity. Ginseng soluble dietary fiber (G-SDF) has been shown to inhibit obesity and promote the growth of intestinal probiotics. However, its role in antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis obese mice (ADIO) remains unclear, and this study aimed to elucidate this role. The results indicated that G-SDF and its fecal microbiota extract (SDFfbs) significantly reduced body weight, insulin resistance, hepatic fat accumulation, abnormal blood and liver glucose-lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and immune-inflammatory responses in ADIO mice. G

Segmented scan modes and polarity-based LC-MS for pharmacokinetic interaction study between Fufang Danshen Dripping Pill and Clopidogrel Bisulfate Tablet.

Fufang Danshen Dripping Pill (FDDP) and Clopidogrel Bisulfate Tablet (CBT) are usually combined for treatment of coronary artery diseases in clinical. To investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between FDDP and CBT after oral administration of FDDP, CBT and their combination in rats, a novel LC-MS method with segmented scan modes (multiple reaction monitoring and selected ion monitoring) and polarity (positive and negative ionization) was developed. Clopidogrel and the main active ingredients of FDDP, with different chemical and ionization properties, were simultaneously quantified in plas

Ginsenoside Ro attenuates aging-related cognitive impairment and associated neuroinflammatory changes via multi-target modulation of the PI3K-Akt axis: a convergent network pharmacology and experimental validation study.

The increasing global burden of aging-related cognitive impairment (ACI) highlights an urgent need for disease-modifying therapeutics, as current pharmacological options provide only temporary symptomatic relief without affecting underlying pathological trajectories. Ginsenoside Ro, an oleanane-type saponin derived from Panax ginseng, displays anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties; however, the target network and signaling mechanisms through which it may alleviate ACI remain inadequately defined. This study aims to thoroughly define the therapeutic efficacy and underlying molecular m…

ncRNAs and polyphenols: new therapeutic strategies for hypertension.

Polyphenols have gained significant attention in protecting several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Accumulating e … : haem oxygenase-1; JAK/STAT: Janus kinase/signal transducers/activators of the transcription; PNS: panax notoginseng saponin; snoRNA: small nucleolar RNA; hnRNA: heterogeneous nuclear RNA; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells; irf7: interferon regulatory factor 7; limo2: LIM only domain 2; GWAS: genome-wide association study; GAS5: Growth arrest-specifi …

Extracts of Periplaneta americana alleviate hepatic fibrosis by affecting hepatic TGF-β and NF-κB expression in rats with pig serum-induced liver fibrosis.

INTRODUCTION: Liver fibrosis is caused by continuous wound healing responses to various harmful stimuli, including viral infection, drugs, a … -dose EPA treatment group group; TM, medium-dose EPA group; TH, high-dose EPA treatment group; TC1, Panax notoginseng/Salvia mitiorrhiza treatment control group 1; TC2, colchicine treatment control group 2. TC1 and TC2 were used as the positive control to demonstrate the difference between EPA and the effects of other compounds. The liver fibrosis model …

Korean Red Ginseng and Ginsenoside-Rb1/-Rg1 Alleviate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing Th1 and Th17 Cells and Upregulating Regulatory T Cells.

The effects of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) on autoimmune disorders of the nervous system are not clear. We investigated whether KRGE has a beneficial effect on acute and chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Pretreatment (daily from 10 days before immunization with myelin basic protein peptide) with KRGE significantly attenuated clinical signs and loss of body weight and was associated with the suppression of spinal demyelination and glial activation in acute EAE rats, while onset treatment (daily after the appearance of clinical symptoms) did not. The suppressive effe

Role of benzodiazepine-GABAA receptor complex in attenuation of U-50,488H-induced analgesia and inhibition of tolerance to its analgesia by ginseng total saponin in mice.

In the present study, the role of benzodiazepine-GABAA receptor complex in the attenuation of U-50,488H (U50), a selective kappa opioid agonist-induced analgesia and inhibition of tolerance to its analgesia by ginseng total saponin (GTS) was investigated using the mice tail-flick test. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment of GTS (100 and 200 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.1-1 mg/kg) dose-dependently attenuated the U50 (40 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced analgesia. GTS (0.001-10 microg/ml) did not alter binding of [3H]naloxone to mice whole brain membrane. The attenuation effect of GTS (100 mg/ kg) and diazepam (

A systems-pharmacology analysis of herbal medicines used in health improvement treatment: predicting potential new drugs and targets.

For thousands of years, tonic herbs have been successfully used all around the world to improve health, energy, and vitality. However, their underlying mechanisms of action in molecular/systems levels are still a mystery. In this work, two sets of tonic herbs, so called Qi-enriching herbs (QEH) and Blood-tonifying herbs (BTH) in TCM, were selected to elucidate why they can restore proper balance and harmony inside body, organ and energy system. Firstly, a pattern recognition model based on artificial neural network and discriminant analysis for assessing the molecular difference between QEH an

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… The antioxidant effects of aqueous and organic extracts of Panax quinquefolium, Panax notoginseng, Codonopsis pilosula, Pseudostellaria heterophylla and Glehnia littoralis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2004;93(2-3):285–288. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.040. 13. Ma L, Guan ZZ. … In vivo and in vitro cardioprotective effects of Panax quinquefolium 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol saponins (PQDS), isolated from Panax quinquefolium. An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2013;68(4):287–292. 75. Alqahtani A, Hamid K, Kam A, et al. …

Ginseng stem-leaf saponins in combination with selenium enhance immune responses to an attenuated pseudorabies virus vaccine.

Pseudorabies, a herpesvirus infection, is mainly controlled by using attenuated live vaccines. In this study, the effect of ginseng stem and leaf saponins (GSLS) in combination with selenium (Se; in the form of sodium selenite) on vaccination against attenuated pseudorabies virus (aPrV) was evaluated. It was found that GSLS and Se have an adjuvant effect and that a combination of GSLS and Se stimulates significantly enhanced immune responses than does GSLS or Se alone. Following oral administration of GSLS, mice immunized with an attenuated PrV vaccine diluted in Se-containing physiological sa

Daikenchuto (TU-100) alters murine hepatic and intestinal drug metabolizing enzymes in an in vivo dietary model: effects of gender and withdrawal.

Herbal medicines and natural products used for maintenance of health or treatment of diseases have many biological effects, including altering the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of other medications. Daikenchuto (TU-100), an aqueous extract of ginger, ginseng, and Japanese green pepper fruit, is a commonly prescribed Kampo (Japanese herbal medicine) for postoperative ileus or bloating. The effects of TU-100 on drug metabolism have not been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the effect of TU-100 on expression of key drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and drug transporters (DTs) in murine l

Ginsenoside Rg3: Potential Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Indication in Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is still one of the most prevalent cancers and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The key challenge with cancer treatment is the choice of the best therapeutic agents with the least possible toxicities on the patient. Recently, attention has been drawn to herbal compounds, in particular ginsenosides, extracted from the root of the Ginseng plant. In various studies, significant anti-cancer properties of ginsenosides have been reported in different cancers. The mode of action of ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) in in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models and its value as an anti-canc

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… Biological activities and chemistry of saponins from Panax ginseng CA Meyer Phytochem. Rev. 2005 4 159 175 10.1007/s11101-005-2835-8 11. Park H.J. Kim D.H. Park S.J. Kim J.M. Ryu J.H. Ginseng in traditional herbal prescriptions J. … Chemopreventive effects of heat-processed Panax quinquefolius root on human breast cancer cells Anticancer Res. 2008 28 2545 2551 19035277 PMC2676904 58. Luo X. Wang C.-Z. Chen J. Song W.-X. Luo J. Tang N. He B.-C. Kang Q. Wang Y. Du W. …

The effect of Chinese Jinzhida recipe on the hippocampus in a rat model of diabetes-associated cognitive decline.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effects of treatment with Multi component Chinese Medicine Jinzhida (JZD) on behavioral deficits in diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) rats and verify our hypothesis that JZD treatment improves cognitive function by suppressing the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and improving insulin signaling transduction in the rats' hippocampus. METHODS: A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established using high fat diet and streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, ip). Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the oral glucose tolerance test and the insulin toleranc

The relaxant effect of ginseng saponin on the bladder and prostatic urethra: an in vitro and in vivo study.

AIM: To assess the effects of ginseng saponin on relaxation of the bladder and prostatic urethra and to determine its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the in vitro study, prostatic urethra muscle strips were harvested from 18 male New Zealand rabbits. The strips were mounted in organ baths and connected to force displacement transducers. After stabilization, maximal tissue contractions were obtained by the application of phenylepinephrine to the urethra strips, and a dose-response curve for ginseng saponin was constructed (10(-6)-10(-2)M). After pretreatment of urethra strips w

Modulation of programmed cell death by medicinal plants.

Programmed cell death (apoptosis), a form of cell death, described by Kerr and Wyllie some 20 years ago, has generated considerable interest … rogrammed cell death in selected cancerous cell lines. Of considerable interest is the finding that Panax ginseng prevents irradiation-induced programmed cell death in hair follicles, suggesting important therapeutic implications. Nutraceuticals (dietary plants) like soya bean, garlic, ginger, green tea, etc. which have been suggested, in epidemiologica …

Hair Regenerative Mechanisms of Red Ginseng Oil and Its Major Components in the Testosterone-Induced Delay of Anagen Entry in C57BL/6 Mice.

Hair loss (alopecia) is a universal problem for numerous people in the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of red ginseng oil (RGO) and its major components on hair re-growth using testosterone (TES)-induced delay of anagen entry in C57BL/6 mice and their mechanisms of action. Seven-week-old C57BL/6 mice were daily treated with TES for 1 h prior to topical application of 10% RGO, 1% linoleic acid (LA), 1% β-sitosterol (SITOS), or 1% bicyclo(10.1.0)tridec-1-ene (BICYCLO) once a day for 28 days. Hair regenerative capacity was significantly restored by treatment of R

Effect of ginseng extract on the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats.

BACKGROUND: Liver diseases are major global health problems. Ginseng extract has antioxidant, immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. This study investigated the effect of ginseng extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group, ginseng group, CCl4 group and CCl4 + ginseng group. Liver injury was induced by the intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of 3 ml/kg CCl4 (30% in olive oil) weekly for 8 weeks. The control group was I.P injected with olive oil. The expression of genes encoding transform

Analgesic Alkaloids Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pain Management.

Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent health problems. The establishment of chronic pain is complex. Current medication for chronic pain mainly dependent on anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants and opioidergic drugs. However, they have limited therapeutic efficacy, and some even with severe side effects. We turned our interest into alkaloids separated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), that usually act on multiple drug targets. In this article, we introduced the best-studied analgesic alkaloids derived from TCM, including tetrahydropalmatine, aloperine, oxysophocarpine, matrine

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… In addition, dextromethorphan alone did not possess analgesic efficacy in these models (Unpublished data). 5.11 Sinomenine + Panax notoginseng Saponins Panax notoginseng saponins are the main ingredients of Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. … In this combination, sinomenine is both the “Jun” and “Chen” drug, while panax notoginseng saponins is both the “Chen” and “Zuo” drug. In practice, panax notoginseng saponins did not enhance the analgesic effects of sinomenine in rats with central neuropathic pain. …