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Reticuloruminal Motility Monitoring for the Prediction of Peripartal Hypocalcemia in Cattle.

Hypocalcemia commonly affects dairy cows around calving or at the onset of lactation. An individual risk prediction would allow customized prophylactic measures and targeted intervention. This study aimed to measure concentrations of total (tCa) and ionized calcium (iCa) during the peripartal period, record rumen motility and temperature patterns, and assess the associations between patterns before calving and Ca concentration at calving. A total of 89 calvings from 47 cows and 22 heifers were monitored using reticuloruminal bolus sensors over 60 days prior to the expected calving and 60 days

Pregnancy loss in cattle with emphasis on embryo transfer programs.

Pregnancy loss (PL) in cattle significantly impacts reproductive efficiency and economic viability of herds. Of particular interest, PL in in vitro embryo production (IVP) systems, represents a major challenge to the success of this technique. Establishment and maintenance of pregnancy is influenced by factors such as fertilization, maternal environment, and embryonic signaling issues. Data on dairy cattle have shown that embryo transfer (ET) may lead to greater initial pregnancy, but greater PL compared to artificial insemination (AI), and the impact of environmental conditions on reproductiv…

Relationship between distance to boron mine and exposure in cattle.

Boron, a valuable underground mineral whose usage area is increasing day by day, has been identified as an essential trace element in plant … n mines on boron concentration in blood, urine, water, and feed in animals. In the study, 60 (20*3) cattle living in areas 0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 km away from the boron mine site were used. Blood and urine samples were taken from cattle. Boron concentrations were determined by sampling the feed and water they consumed. The results of the analyses demonstrat …

Metabolomic Analysis of Cauda Epididymal Fluid in Yaks and Cattle.

The epididymis is crucial for sperm maturation, with its caudal region storing mature sperm. Yaks show poorer sperm motility and higher abnormality rates than cattle, but the metabolic mechanisms remain unknown. This study compared cauda epididymal fluid metabolites between six yaks and six cattle using untargeted metabolomics. A total of 1098 and 1297 metabolites types annotated by the Human Metabolome Database were identified in yak and cattle cauda epididymal fluid, respectively, using positive and negative ion modes. The Yak cauda epididymal fluid exhibited distinct metabolic profiles comp…

Integrative genomics sheds light on the immunogenetics of tuberculosis in cattle.

Mycobacterium bovis causes bovine tuberculosis (bTB), an infectious disease of cattle that represents a zoonotic threat to humans. Research has shown that the peripheral blood (PB) transcriptome is perturbed during bTB disease but the genomic architecture underpinning this transcriptional response remains poorly understood. Here, we analyse PB transcriptomics data from 63 control and 60 confirmed M. bovis-infected animals and detect 2592 differently expressed genes perturbing multiple immune response pathways. Leveraging imputed genome-wide SNP data, we characterise thousands of cis-expression…

Salmonella Dublin in dairy cattle: Review of state of the science.

BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin (Salmonella Dublin) is a Gram-negative bacterium of increasing importance to the Canadian cattle sector. OBJECTIVE ANIMAL AND PROCEDURE: The objective of this narrative literature review was to provide an overview of the epidemiology of Salmonella Dublin in cattle, highlight risk factors associated with infection, discuss diagnostic methods, and review prevention and control strategies, with a specific focus on the Canadian context. RESULTS: Approximately 3 to 30% of dairy farms are positive for Salmonella Dublin, depending on th…

The role of syndromic knowledge in Ethiopian veterinarians' treatment of cattle.

Veterinarians play a significant role in the treatment and prevention of livestock diseases at the farm level, safeguarding public health and ensuring food safety. In sub-Saharan Africa, access to quality veterinary services is a major challenge for livestock farmers due to the low number of publicly employed veterinarians, underfunding and privatisation of veterinary services. Low investment in veterinary services and infrastructure, including a lack of laboratories for diagnosis, has made veterinarians rely on their experience and knowledge of cattle disease symptoms developed over years of …

Nephrosis in cattle associated with consumption of Ludwigia peploides (Onagraceae).

This paper describes an outbreak of nephrosis in cattle associated with the consumption of Ludwigia peploides in Tucuman province, northwestern Argentina. Affected cows exhibited submandibular and chest edema, lethargy and ataxia, and eventually succumbed to these conditions. These animals were grazing in a floodable area severely invaded by this plant. The disease affected 7 out of a herd of 67 cows. Horses and goats grazing in the same location were not affected. The main gross and histological lesion corresponded to a severe nephrosis. The disease is similar to the poisoning by Ludwigia per…

Antibiotic Residues in Cattle Reported to Be Raised Without Antibiotics.

In 2019, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) provided revised guidance for labeling claims of "raised without antibiotics" (RWA) and similar terms for meat and poultry produced in the US. In 2022, Price et al. published a study reporting that 15% of RWA-labeled cattle contained antibiotic residues in urine samples. In 2023, the USDA embarked on the project reported herein to independently determine the extent of antibiotic drug residues present in kidney and liver tissues from slaughtered cattle purported to be RWA. In this study, FSIS inspecto…

From ultrasound to microscopy: Actualities in thyroid investigation in cattle.

Thyroid ultrasonography examination is widely used in human and small animal medicine. However, it has rarely been applied in cattle. The aim of this study was to determine whether the measurements of the thyroid gland by ultrasound examination correlate to those taken during post-mortem examination. A sample of 22 cows and 23 calves was selected for thyroid gland evaluation. An ultrasound scan was performed ante-mortem, followed by euthanasia (for medical reasons) or slaughtered in the food chain and the dissection of the thyroid gland was therefore performed. Post-mortem, the gland was weigh…

Blood parameters and parasite burden in cattle with chronic fascioliasis.

Fascioliasis is a trematodiasis that affects domestic and wild animals as well as humans worldwide. It is a well-recognized disease in livestock, were it produces serious economic losses. Yet in cattle, there is limited information about the burden of liver flukes and its relation to the eggs per gram shed to the environment. There is also lack of knowledge on the effect of parasite load in blood parameters of infected animals, which is important to evaluate the severity and progression of the disease. The objective of this work was to gain insight in these aspects. Cattle from Mendoza provinc…

" Коксиелла карете " и " Репродуктивные расстройства в скоте: систематический обзор " .

Коксиэллоз или Q лихорадка — инфекционная зоонотическая болезнь, вызванная бактерией Coxiella signetii. Был проведен систематический обзор с использованием результатов библиографических исследований, и основное внимание было уделено взаимосвязи между инфекциями C. signetii и репродуктивными расстройствами у скота [абортирование/дородовая рождаемость/перинатальная мораль/слабые иглы (комплекс АСПВ); сохраняющимися мембранами плода (RFM); метритом/эндометритом; и бесплодием/подплодием]. Библиографический поиск позволил получить 443 результата из баз данных, однако только 61 из них был признан пр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Coxiellosis or Q fever is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. A systematic review using bibliographic research was carried out, and the focus was the relationship between C. burnetii infection and reproductive disorders in cattle [abortion/stillbirth/perinatal morality/weak calves (ASPW complex); retained foetal membrane…

Bovine papular stomatitis virus as a vaccine vector for cattle.

Virus vectored vaccines are not available commercially for cattle even though compelling potential applications exist. Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), a highly prevalent parapoxvirus, causes self-limited oral lesions in cattle. Ability of virus to accommodate large amounts of foreign DNA, induce low level of antiviral immunity, and circulate and likely persist in cattle populations, make BPSV an attractive candidate viral vector. Here, recombinant BPSV were constructed expressing either Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) glycoprotein gD (BPSVgD), or gD and gB (BPSVgD/gB). Immunization of BP…

Harnessing male germline epigenomics for the genetic improvement in cattle.

Sperm is essential for successful artificial insemination in dairy cattle, and its quality can be influenced by both epigenetic modification and epigenetic inheritance. The bovine germline differentiation is characterized by epigenetic reprogramming, while intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance can influence the offspring's development through the transmission of epigenetic features to the offspring via the germline. Therefore, the selection of bulls with superior sperm quality for the production and fertility traits requires a better understanding of the epigenetic mec…

Physiological Stress Responses in Cattle Used in the Spanish Rodeo.

Certain events can cause distress in cattle. In Spain, there is a sport similar to rodeo called persecution and takedown, in which calves are harassed and knocked down by riders. In this study, the physiological stress response of calves (n = 260) is assessed by measuring hormonal physiological parameters. Salivary samples were collected from Salers (n = 110) and Lidia (n = 150) calves before, during, and after the persecution and takedown event. The hormones epinephrine, cortisol, serotonin, and dopamine were determined in saliva samples using enzyme-immunoassay techniques. The results obtain…

Evaluation of Biological Equivalence for Generic Tulathromycin Injections in Cattle.

The recent expiration of patents for the antibiotic tulathromycin has led to a significant increase in the number of generic tulathromycin p … dministered via subcutaneous injection, and blood samples were collected 460 times from 20 Holstein cattle. Plasma concentrations of tulathromycin were measured over time using LC-MS/MS analysis. Bioequivalence was evaluated using a statistical program for pharmacokinetic parameters, including the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) and the max …

Biological Control of Hyalomma Ticks in Cattle by Fungal Isolates.

Ticks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Hyalomma spp., found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, are especially problematic. This study explored biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. using spore-free fungal culture filtrates collected from dairy farm soil in Kohat, Pakistan. Three fungal species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium were isolated, and their filtrates were tested against tick adults and larvae. Filtrate concentrations were prepared at different strengths. Data were ta…

[Examinations of cattle births with a special focus on Coxiella burnetii].

Cattle births can carry the risk of transmissible and zoonotic diseases. The focus of the present study was the excretion of Coxiella (C.) burnetii during cattle births. Small ruminants are considered as the main reservoir of C. burnetii. Cattle are often subclinical carriers and their role as potential reservoir has not been fully elucidated until now, although the excretion of Coxiella has been demonstrated during cattle birth. The study recorded all births, caesarean sections and one abortion in 40 cattle at the ruminant clinic of the Vetsuisse Faculty in Bern in the study period from March…

Causes of Mortality of Dairy Cattle Diagnosed by Complete Necropsy.

This retrospective case series summarized the primary causes of death in 857 dairy cattle necropsied from 2008 to 2019 at the Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, from dairy farms in Utah (76%), Idaho (16%) or other states (8%), primarily in the U.S. Intermountain West. Of cattle with age provided, 74% matched with body weight based estimates for those with no age stated. Cattle ranged from fetuses at 60 days of gestation to 9 years old. Primary cause of mortality was diagnosed in 833 cattle (97%); no cause was evident in 24 cattle (3%). Sexes were female 620 (72%), male 214 (25%), not recor…

Molecular epidemiology and genetic characterization of Theileria orientalis in cattle.

Theileria orientalis (T. orientalis) is a benign species of Theileria that is found all throughout the world, including Egypt. The purpose of this work was to determine the current status of T. orientalis infection in cattle, as well as to define T. orientalis genetic diversity using the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) genes. In 2020, blood samples from 500 asymptomatic cattle were collected, which live in four different governorates at northern Egypt and examined using PCR assay based on MPSP gene. Overall, 44 blood samples (8.8%, 44/500) were positive for T. orientalis, and the highes…