Результаты поиска

Omics-Mediated Treatment for Advanced Prostate Cancer: Moving Towards Precision Oncology.

Prostate cancer accounts for approximately 1.5 million new diagnoses and 400,000 deaths every year worldwide, and demographic projections in … hology. Genomics, especially DDR (DNA damage response) gene alterations, detected via tissue and/or circulating tumor DNA, efficiently guides therapy in advanced prostate cancer. Given recent developments, we have performed a comprehensive literature search to cover recent research and clinical trial reports (over the last five years) that integrate omics along three c …

Current advances in detecting genetic and epigenetic biomarkers of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer in terms of diagnosis and the second in terms of mortality. Recent studies have shown that various proteins, extracellular vesicles (i.e., exosomes), specific genetic variants, gene transcripts, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and altered epigenetic patterns, can be used to detect, and assess the prognosis of CRC. Over the last decade, a plethora of conventional methodologies (e.g., polymerase chain reaction [PCR], direct sequencing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent a…

CdSe@CdS quantum dot-sensitized Au/α-Fe2O3 structure for photoelectrochemical detection of circulating tumor cells.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the important biomarker for cancer diagnosis and individualized treatment. However, due to the extreme rarity of CTCs (only 1-10 CTCs are found in every milliliter of peripheral blood) high sensitivity and selectivity are urgently needed for CTC detection. Here, a sandwich PEC cytosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of CTCs was developed using the photoactive material Au NP/-Fe2O3 and core-shell CdSe@CdS QD sensitizer. In the proposed  protocol, the CdSe@CdS QD/Au NP/α-Fe2O3-sensitized structure with cascade band-edge levels could evidently promote the ph

Targeted Therapies in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: An Evolving Paradigm.

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a heterogeneous group of adenocarcinomas that originate from the epithelial lining of the biliary tree. BTC … n with other agents, are paving the way for novel treatment options. Genomic profiling of cell-free circulating tumor DNA that can assist in the identification of an actionable target is another exciting area of development. In this review, we provide a contemporaneous appraisal of the evolving targeted therapies and the ongoing clinical trials that will likely transfo …

Clinical significance of circulating tumor cells and their expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in CTCs and to assess their association with clinical parameters and treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood samples from 50 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were included. We applied advanced CanPatrolTM CTC enrichment technique and in situ hybridization assay to isolate, identify, and classify CTCs and COX-2 in CTCs. Epstein-Barr virus DNA was detected by Real Time-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: No CTCs were identified in ten healthy volunteers (100%). Of the tota

Exploratory Analysis of Biomarkers and Treatment Outcomes from the COLUMBUS Study in BRAF V600E/K-Mutant Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma.

PURPOSE: Treatment with encorafenib ± binimetinib is associated with improved survival versus vemurafenib in patients with BRAF V600E/K-muta … e sequencing (n = 666), whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA sequencing; n = 514), and assessment of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) at baseline (n = 336) and on treatment (cycle 2 day 1, n = 184) to evaluate biomarker associations with progression-free and overall survival. RESULTS: Survival benefits with encorafenib plus binimetinib versus vemurafenib were greatest in …

Pancreatic cancer induces muscle wasting by promoting the release of pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor.

Cancer cachexia is a highly debilitating condition characterized by weight loss and muscle wasting that contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality of pancreatic cancer. The factors that induce cachexia in pancreatic cancer are largely unknown. We previously showed that pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF) secreted by pancreatic cancer cells is responsible for tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we analyzed the relation between pancreatic cancer-derived PAUF and cancer cachexia in mice and its clinical significance. Body weight loss and muscle weight loss were signif

От статического риска до динамического мониторинга заболеваний: роль MRD и иммунного профилирования в множестве миелом.

Терапевтический ландшафт множественной миеломы (ММ) претерпел глубокие изменения, при этом высокоэффективные комбинированные режимы и иммунная терапия позволили обеспечить беспрецедентные темпы глубоких и устойчивых ответных мер. В результате этого одной традиционной стратификации базовых рисков становится все более недостаточно для объяснения неоднородности клинических результатов или для направления лечения на протяжении всего курса лечения. Эта эволюционирующая парадигма сместила внимание на динамическое, адаптированное к реакциям наблюдение за заболеваниями, сосредоточенное на поддающихся

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The therapeutic landscape of multiple myeloma (MM) has undergone a profound transformation, with highly effective combination regimens and i … t extensively validated approaches for MRD assessment, while functional imaging, mass spectrometry, circulating tumor DNA, and other minimally invasive technologies are expanding the ability to monitor spatially heterogeneous disease and longitudinal clonal evolution. Although sustained MRD negativity has emerged as one of the most powerful prognostic biomarkers in MM, …

The Landscape of ctDNA in Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma.

PURPOSE: Appendiceal adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy with distinct histopathologic subtypes and a natural history with metastasis primarily limited to the peritoneum. Little is known about the molecular pathogenesis of appendiceal adenocarcinoma relative to common tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We analyzed molecular data for patients within the Guardant Health database with appendix cancer (n = 718). We then identified patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma at our institution (from October 2004-September 2022) for whom ctDNA mutation profiling (liquid biopsy) was performed (n = 168) and e

Case report: immunotherapy response in pancreatic cancer after MSI-H emerged post-chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) is an established biomarker of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, though it is ra … t in her initial molecular profile. A concurrent FoundationOne® Liquid CDx analysis detected a high circulating tumor DNA fraction but reported the tumor as microsatellite stable, highlighting a discordance in MSI classification across platforms. Given her favorable clinical condition and emerging molecular findings, pembrolizumab was initiated. The patient experienced …

Repurposing indacaterol as a novel NETs inhibitor for the treatment of colorectal tumor metastasis.

Metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, driven by multifaceted interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) have emerged as critical facilitators of metastatic progression. This study aimed to systematically screen FDA-approved drugs to identify novel NET inhibitors and evaluate the potential of indacaterol (IND) as an anti-metastatic agent. The screening identified IND as a potent inhibitor of NETosis (IC50 = 6.567 μM), significantly suppressing extracellular DNA release and Citrullinated Histone H3 expression

Breaking the Immune Sanctuary: Targeting Metastatic Niches.

Metastasis is the main cause of cancer death and is driven by the systemic formation of premetastatic niches and immune sanctuaries that protect disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) from immune surveillance and therapy. This review explores the organ-specific architectural and immunologic remodeling occurring in the liver, peritoneum, and CNS, highlighting how tumor-derived factors recruit suppressive myeloid cells and drive fibrovascular changes. Advances in spatial multi-omics and compartment-specific liquid biopsies, such as cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA, are refining our ability to…

Immunotherapy Resistance in dMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Cancer: Unraveling Mechanisms and Exploring Overcoming Strategies.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Approximately 15% of localized and 5% of metastatic c … (TIM-3), and TIGIT, as well as emerging biomarker strategies such as gut microbiome modulation and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) dynamics. By integrating these mechanistic insights with novel therapeutic approaches, including bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) and adoptive cell transfer, this review aims to provide a roadmap for overcoming resistance and advancing precisio …

Circulating cell-free DNA profiling reveals ancestry-dependent genetic variation in metastatic prostate cancer.

African American men experience markedly higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality yet remain underrepresented in genomic studies aimed at identifying ancestry-associated molecular drivers of disease progression. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) provides a minimally invasive means of capturing tumor-derived genomic alterations and enables broad characterization of molecular heterogeneity. In this study, we performed comprehensive plasma cfDNA profiling in 22 African American and 66 Caucasian men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) to define ancestry-related diffe

Domvanalimab plus zimberelimab in unresectable and immunotherapy refractory biliary tract cancers: a phase 2 trial.

T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor that promotes immune evasion, and dual blockade of TIGIT and PD-1 ma … s occurred in 36.4% of patients and were primarily limited to low grade pruritus and rash. Emergent circulating tumor DNA alterations in RAS signaling, receptor tyrosine kinases, and DNA damage response were identified as putative mechanisms of anti-TIGIT resistance. Although the prespecified ORR threshold was not met, the durability of responses, favorable safety prof …

Multi-Cancer Early Detection Tests: State of the Art and Implications for Radiologists.

Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests are already being marketed as noninvasive, convenient opportunities to test for multiple cancer types with a single blood sample. The technology varies-involving detection of circulating tumor DNA, fragments of DNA, RNA, or proteins unique to each targeted cancer. The priorities and tradeoffs of reaching diagnostic resolution in the setting of possible false positives and negatives remain under active study. Given the well-established role of imaging in lesion detection and characterization for most cancers, radiologists have an essential role to play …

Novel somatic alterations in unicentric and idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease.

OBJECTIVES: Castleman disease (CD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders involving systemic inflammation and lymphoproliferation. Recently, clonal mutations have been identified in unicentric CD (UCD) and idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD), suggesting a potential underlying neoplastic process. METHODS: Patients with UCD or iMCD with next generation sequencing (NGS) data on tissue DNA and/or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) were included. RESULTS: Five patients were included, 4 with iMCD and 1 with UCD. Four patients (80%) were women; median age was 40 years. Three of five patients (60%) had ≥1 c…

Detection of circulating tumor cells in cervical cancer using a conditionally replicative adenovirus targeting telomerase-positive cells.

Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are newly discovered biomarkers of cancers. Although many systems detect CTC, a gold standard has not yet been established. We analyzed CTC in uterine cervical cancer patients using an advanced version of conditionally replicative adenovirus targeting telomerase-positive cells, which was enabled to infect coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor-negative cells and to reduce false-positive signals in myeloid cells. Blood samples from cervical cancer patients were hemolyzed and infected with the virus and then labeled with fluorescent anti-CD45 and anti-pan cytokeratin an

Is the anti-sarcoma and anti-viral cytokine "plasma factor" a novel chicken Y-box protein?

A line of research beginning in the early 1960s with the observation that West Nile virus and, later, several strains of rabies virus could inhibit the development of the Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumor in the wing-web of chicken (a "sarcoma-blockade") eventually culminated in the characterization of a 14-kDa circulating anti-sarcoma and anti-viral activity christened "plasma factor" (PF) which, unlike the interferons, inhibited the replication of diverse RNA-containing viruses, but not of any DNA-containing viruses. The possibility that this 14 kDa protein represented a novel antiviral cytok

Mitochondrial DNA mutations and intercellular mitochondrial transfer in cancer: mechanisms, biological effects, and clinical potential.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are frequently detected in tumor cells and represent a distinctive aspect of cancer genomics. Common types of mtDNA alterations include single nucleotide variants, insertions and deletions, and copy number changes. These mutations often result in a range of biological effects, encompassing both in situ and ectopic mechanisms. In situ, mutant mtDNA may lead to respiratory chain dysfunction, impairing oxidative phosphorylation and shifting energy production toward glycolysis and other metabolic pathways. This metabolic reprogramming, along with altered glutami