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Air pollution and multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to progressive functional impairments, and many intrinsic and acquired factors are believed to be associated with its development and relapse. In terms of environmental factors, air pollution has gained much attention during recent decades, as chronic exposure to ambient air pollution seems to increase the level of some pro-inflammatory markers in the human brain, which can lead to neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. These events …

Tremor and Dysmetria in Multiple Sclerosis: A Neurophysiological Study.

OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of tremor and/or dysmetria in multiple sclerosis (MS) are poorly understood. Abnormal oscillations within the olivo-cerebello-thalamo-cortical networks are believed to play an important part in tremor aetiology, but could also contribute to intention dysmetria due to disruptions in motor timing. Conversely, delayed central motor conduction times are a common feature of ataxias, but could also contribute to the expression of dysmetria in MS. This study examined the roles of central conduction delays in the manifestation of tremor and/or…

Exposure to breastfeeding and risk of developing multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Early-life factors are reported to modulate the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) among adults. The association between exposure to breastfeeding and the risk of MS is debated. We aimed to disclose whether past exposure to breastfeeding and its duration are associated with the risk of developing MS. METHODS: We used a cohort design linking prospectively collected information on breastfeeding from the Cohort of Norway community-based surveys on health status (CONOR) with the Norwegian MS Registry and the population-based Medical Birth Registry of Norway that includes infor…

Воздействие коморбисов на развитие инвалидности при множественном склерозе.

ЦЕЛИ: Все более важное значение приобретает расследование бремени коморбидности у лиц с множественным склерозом (ПВМС). Цель этого исследования заключалась в изучении взаимосвязей между сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (КЖП) и их типом 2 диабет с развитием инвалидности. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Ретроспективное когортное исследование было проведено в клинике неврологии, Белград. Регистр населения Белграда, который включает в себя 2725 В качестве источника данных использовались активные случаи НР. Средняя продолжительность заболевания: 21.6 ± 12.5 Годы. Расширенная шкала взносов по инвалидности (СР

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVES: Investigation of the comorbidity burden in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) has become increasingly important. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of cardiovascular disease (CVD) comorbidities and type 2 diabetes with the disability progression. MATERIALS & METHODS: The retrospective cohort study was conducted at the …

Inadequate Vaccine Responses in Children With Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: Immunizations against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), are recommended for patients with pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and may be required prior to initiation of some disease modifying therapies. However, the efficacy of routine vaccine administration in POMS has never been studied. We sought to assess the humoral mediated vaccine response to HBV and VZV in children with POMS. Methods: A multi-center retrospective chart-based review of 62 patients with POMS was performed. Clinical data and antibody titers against HBV and VZV were collected prior …

Optic neuropathy by ethambutol in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

We present the clinical case of a patient who developed a toxic optic neuropathy due to ethambutol in the context of a tuberculosis reactivation and who also had a personal history of multiple sclerosis. The objective is to highlight the importance of making a good differential diagnosis of this adverse effect and of knowing its main clinical, campimetric and tomographic manifestations and characteristics. Furthermore, since the reversibility of damage is still discussed in the literature, early diagnosis is essential. For this purpose, it is important to inform the patient of the possible sym…

[Prevalence and impact of comorbidities in patients with multiple sclerosis].

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system. In most cases it is characterised by the recurring focal neurological deficit, which may become progressive over time. Given the chronic nature of the disease, patients may present with additional diseases (comorbidities), which affect the natural history of the disease and its treatment in different ways. AIM: To summarise the available evidence regarding the influence of comorbidities on the natural history of multiple sclerosis. DEVELOPMENT: Patients with multiple sclerosis …

Imaging correlates of visual function in multiple sclerosis.

No single neuroimaging technique or sequence is capable of reflecting the functional deficits manifest in MS. Given the interest in imaging biomarkers for short- to medium-term studies, we aimed to assess which imaging metrics might best represent functional impairment for monitoring in clinical trials. Given the complexity of functional impairment in MS, however, it is useful to isolate a particular functionally relevant pathway to understand the relationship between imaging and neurological function. We therefore analyzed existing data, combining multiparametric MRI and OCT to describe MS as

Metabolomic Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and the McDonald's clinical criteria are currently utilized tools in diagnosing multiple sclerosis. However, a more conclusive, consistent, and efficient way of diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) is yet to be discovered. A potential biomarker, discovered using advances in high-throughput sequencing such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and other "Omics"-based techniques, may make diagnosis and prognosis more reliable resulting in a more personalized and targeted treatment regime and improved outcome…

Tremor in Multiple Sclerosis-An Overview and Future Perspectives.

Tremor is an important and common symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). It constituted one of the three core features of MS triad described by Charcot in the last century. Tremor could have a drastic impact on patients' quality of life. This paper provides an overview of tremor in MS and future perspectives with a particular emphasis on its epidemiology (prevalence: 25-58%), clinical characteristics (i.e., large amplitude 2.5-7 Hz predominantly postural or intention tremor vs. exaggerated physiological tremor vs. pseudo-rhythmic activity arising from cerebellar dysfunction vs. psyc…

Imaging Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease in Multiple Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate β-amyloid and tau depositions using Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) and AV1451 tau PET imaging in aging multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. METHODS: Patients with MS (n = 16) and controls (n = 80) matched for age, sex, and APOE ε4 status from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging who underwent PiB PET imaging were studied. Of these individuals, 12 patients with MS and 60 matching controls also underwent AV1451 tau PET. Cortical PiB and AV1451 standard uptake value ratios (SUVrs) from the entire cortex and previously determined A…

Saccadic delay in multiple sclerosis: A quantitative description.

In multiple sclerosis (MS), eye movement disorders are common and can be quantified with infrared video-oculography. A well-known abnormality is internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO). This study aims to describe saccadic abnormalities beyond INO and investigate their clinical relevance. A validated standardized infrared oculography protocol, DEMoNS, was used for quantifying saccadic eye movements in three different tasks in MS patients and healthy controls. The relationship between the saccadic parameters and disease characteristics was investigated. Furthermore, the association between saccadic …

Imaging in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis : An Iconographic Review.

Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is defined by a first multiple sclerosis (MS) attack occurring before 18 years old and is diagnosed by demonstration of dissemination in time (DIT) and space (DIS). Although guidelines evolved over the years, they always recognized the importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis. The 2017 McDonald criteria are increasingly used and have been validated in several cohorts. The use of MRI is the most important tool for the early diagnosis, monitoring, and assessment of treatment response of MS and standard protocols include precontrast an…

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis: State of the Art.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling neuroinflammatory disease. Psychiatric manifestations have a high prevalence in MS patients and may worsen the illness progression and the patients' quality of life (QoL). Depression is a highly prevalent condition in MS patients, associated with poorer adherence to treatment, decreased functional status and QoL, and increased suicide risk. Diagnosis and treatment of this disorder is challenging because of symptom overlap. Other prevalent psychiatric comorbidities are anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorders, substance misuse and p…

Palliative care interventions for people with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have complex symptoms and different types of needs. These demands include how to manage the burden of physical disability as well as how to organise daily life, restructure social roles in the family and at work, preserve personal identity and community roles, keep self-sufficiency in personal care, and how to be part of an integrated care network. Palliative care teams are trained to keep open full and competent lines of communication about symptoms and disease progression, advanced care planning, and end-of-life issues and wishes. Teams create …

Effects of aging on finger movements in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) report impaired hand movements and coordination. With an engineered glove we demonstrated altered finger movements in PwMS; increasing age resulted in decreased performance in healthy subjects (normative data). This study aims at investigating aging effects on finger motor performance in PwMS, in relation to disease duration and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). METHODS: Ninety-six PwMS performed repetitive finger opposition movements with the dominant hand and both hands at maximal velocity or metronome-paced. Performance was compared …

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis.

We describe a rapid tissue donation program for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) that requires scientists and technicians to be on-call 24/7, 365 days a year. Participants consent to donate their brain and spinal cord. Most patients were followed by neurologists at the Cleveland Clinic Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research. Their clinical courses and neurological disabilities are well-characterized. Soon after death, the body is transported to the MS Imaging Center, where the brain is scanned in situ by 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The body is then transferred to the aut…

McArdle Sign: A Specific Sign of Multiple Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To measure McArdle sign (rapidly reversible weakness induced by neck flexion) both qualitatively and quantitatively and to evaluate its specificity and clinical utility for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, McArdle sign was evaluated by a technician blinded to diagnosis by measuring changes in finger extensor strength in successive trials of neck extension and flexion, first clinically and then with a torque measurement device. We studied 25 healthy controls and 81 patients with finger extensor weakness. Patients were not selecte…