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Therapeutic potential of retinoic acid-loaded lipid Nanocapsules in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease affecting over 2.5 million people worldwide. Despite available therapies, no current treatment halts disease progression or specifically targets remyelination. Here, we evaluated for the first time the early therapeutic potential of retinoic acid-loaded lipid nanocapsules (LNC RA in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. We first compared intravenous and intranasal administration routes. While transferrin-receptor binding peptide (TfRp)-LNC demonstrated enhanced permeability across an in vitro nasal …

Targeting the microbiome-NLRP3-ferroptosis axis in multiple sclerosis: Neuropharmacological implications for microglial dysfunction and demyelination.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Recent evidence has established a mechanistic connection between gut microbial dysbiosis, the activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death marked by lipid peroxidation. This review synthesizes current understanding of how alterations in the gut microbiome disrupt the gut-brain axis and compromise the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thereby promoting the act…

Potential mechanisms linking bacterial factors to the development and progression of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). While the exact etiology remains unclear, emerging evidence suggests that bacterial toxins play significant roles in MS pathogenesis and progression. We aimed to review mechanisms by which bacterial toxins influence MS development, focusing on molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, bystander activation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Specific toxins, including Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin, Staphylococcus aureus superantigens, and Chlamydia pneumoniae heat shock …

Роль неизлечимой терапии восстановления с помощью кладрибинных таблеток в борьбе с повторным множественным склерозом у пожилых пациентов.

Патофизиология и представление повторных множественных склерозов (RMS) существенно различаются между молодыми и пожилыми пациентами. Пожилые пациенты, как правило, страдают меньшим числом рецидивов MS, но имеют хронически воспалительный фенотип (инфламагирование), связанный с ускоренными возрастными изменениями адаптивной и врожденной иммунной системы (иммунонесценность). Как представляется, эффективность большинства методов коррекции заболеваний (ДМТ) снижается с увеличением возраста, что, вероятно, объясняется отходом от воспаления мозга в качестве основной движущей силы развития НР. В резул

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The pathophysiology and presentation of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) differ importantly between younger and older patients. Older patients usually suffer fewer MS relapses but present with a chronically inflammatory phenotype (inflammaging) associated with accelerated age-related changes to the adaptive and innate immune systems (immunosenescence). The…

Sex differences in central nervous system plasticity and pain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease with many known structural and functional changes in the central nervous system. A well-recognized, but poorly understood, complication of MS is chronic pain. Little is known regarding the influence of sex on the development and maintenance of MS-related pain. This is important to consider, as MS is a predominantly female disease. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS, we demonstrate sex differences in measures of spinal cord inflammation and plasticity that accompany tactile hypersensitivit…

The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts with low protein-coding potential but occupy a large part of transcriptional output. Their roles include regulating gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional level in cellular homeostasis. However, lncRNA studies are still in their infancy and the functions of the vast majority of lncRNA transcripts remain unknown. It is generally known that the function of the human nervous system largely relies on the precise regulation of gene expression. Various studies have shown that lncRNAs have a significant impact on norm

General health issues in multiple sclerosis: comorbidities, secondary conditions, and health behaviors.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Comorbid conditions, secondary conditions, and health behaviors are increasingly recognized to be important factors influencing a range of outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). This review discusses the most common comorbidities experienced in MS, their impact on clinical outcomes, and the impact of health behaviors. Osteoporosis is a common secondary condition in MS that will be discussed along with vitamin D insufficiency. RECENT FINDINGS: Mental comorbidity is common in MS; depression has a lifetime prevalence of 50%, while anxiety has a lifetime prevalence of 36%. Physic…

Inhibitory effects of alprazolam on the development of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in stressed rats.

The progression and development of multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been hypothesized to be associated with stress. Benzodiazepines have been observed to reduce negative consequences of stress on the immune system in experimental and clinical models, but there are no data on their effects on MS, or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for human MS. We designed experiments conducted to ascertain whether alprazolam could modify the clinical, histological and neuroendocrine manifestations of acute EAE in Lewis rats exposed to a chronic auditory stressor. EAE was induced by inj…

Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid anti-myelin basic protein in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Prevalence and titer of total, free, and bound cerebrospinal fluid anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) antibodies as well as free/bound ratios were determined in four groups of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and three groups of controls. All patients with clinically active MS have elevated levels of total anti-MBP, which may be present in either free or bound form. Patients whose disease is in remission have undetectable anti-MBP levels, and some patients with clinically stable disease with residual disability may have detectable antibody titers. Chronically progressive MS is usually associ…

Disproportionate pace of evidence-based care implementation in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: consequences and opportunities.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that requires lifelong care. Long-term outcomes in POMS depend on both early therapeutic intervention and sustained continuity of specialty care into adulthood. However, there is a discrepancy between the speed and consistency at which pharmaceutical disease-modifying therapies and best practices for transition-to-adult care are incorporated into clinical practice. While pharmaceutical disease-modifying therapies have been rapidly incorporated into routine practice, uptake of bes…

От профилактики к управлению: изучение воздействия рациона питания на множественный склероз.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое имунное заболевание центральной нервной системы, характеризующееся нейроинфламмацией и прогрессивным нейродегенерацией. Растущие данные свидетельствуют о том, что диетическое вмешательство может влиять на прогресс и управление симптомами MS, изменяя воспаление, окислительный стресс и кишечный микробиотический состав. В настоящем описательном обзоре рассматриваются последствия средиземноморского, растительного, кетогенного, вальса, сванка, периодического постирования и без глютена наряду с такими ключевыми питательными веществами, как жирные кислоты омег

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration. Growing evidence suggests that dietary interventions may influence MS progression and symptom management by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota composition. This narrative r…

Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease.

Oxidative stress, resulting from the excessive intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and other free radical species, contributes to the onset and progression of various diseases, including diabetes, obesity, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress is also implicated in cardiovascular disease and cancer. Exacerbated oxidative stress leads to the accelerated formation of advanced glycation end p

No association between variations in extracranial venous anatomy and clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients over 5 years.

BACKGROUND: No longitudinal, long-term, follow-up studies have explored the association between presence and severity of variations in extracranial venous anatomy, and clinical outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE: This prospective 5-year follow-up study assessed the relationship of variations in extracranial venous anatomy, indicative of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) on Doppler sonography, according to the International Society for Neurovascular Disease (ISNVD) proposed consensus criteria, with clinical outcomes and disease progression in MS patie…

Опиоидная токсичность связана с Тирзепатидом у пациента с хроническим оральным морфином.

Тирзепатид, двойной глюкозно-зависимый несулинотропический полипептид/глукагон-подобный peptide-1 (В тыс.GLP-1) рецептор агонист, задерживает опорожнение желудка и может изменить фармакокинетические препараты, используемые совместно для лечения пероральных заболеваний, в частности те, которые имеют узкие терапевтические показатели. Мы сообщаем о первом случае опасной для жизни опиоидной токсичности, вызванной началом тирцепатида у пациента при хронической пероральной устойчивой терапии. A 53-year-old человек с первичным прогрессивным множественным склерозом, осложненным квадриплегией, поддержи

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, delays gastric emptying a … patient on chronic oral sustained-action opioid therapy. A 53-year-old man with primary progressive multiple sclerosis complicated by quadriplegia, maintained on oral sustained-action morphine sulfate 180 mg/day for 13 years without incident, presented with opioid-induced respiratory failure six weeks after starting tirzepatide 2.5 mg weekly (escalated to 5 mg at we …

Оценка Фондаоскопии в качестве инструмента скрининга для оптической нервы в многоразовом склерозе: компаративное исследование на тему оптической согласованности (OCT).

Фон: Множественный склероз (MS) представляет собой хроническое и иммунопосредованное расстройство центральной нервной системы (CNS), характеризующееся воспалением, обезвоживанием и нейродегенерацией, приводящее к нарушению проводимости аксонового сигнала. Оптический неврит (ОН) встречается более чем 70% :: случаи MS с уделением особого внимания участию зрительного нерва в развитии болезни. Атрофия оптического нерва, дополняющая воспламенительный эпизод, может наблюдаться во время фундоскопии в качестве паллора во временном квадранте или во всем оптическом диске. Наше исследование направлено на

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration, resulting in the disruption of axonal signal conduction. Optic neuritis (ON) occurs in over 70% of MS cases, highlighting the involvement of the optic nerve in the progression of …

Dysregulation of arginase and arginine pathways in neurodegenerative diseases: Metabolic and cellular dysfunction and therapeutic implications.

Neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly recognized as disorders associated with metabolic dysfunction with arginine metabolism emerging as a significant contributor. Arginase, by regulating the balance between arginine and ornithine, is positioned at the crossroads of multiple arginine metabolic pathways, thereby controlling a variety of cellular processes essential for proper brain homeostasis. Chronic disruption of these pathways may lead to dysfunction of neurons and glia ultimately resulting in the induction of neurodegenerative processes. In this review, based on data from patients an

"The Interaction Between Oxidative Stress and Neurosteroid Imbalance in Multiple Sclerosis: Exploring a New Pathway in Disease Mechanisms and Potential Treatment Approaches".

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by damage and destruction of neurons. Although its precise cause remains unclear, growing evidence points to oxidative stress as a key contributor to MS onset and progression. Excessive production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can impair cellular components, accelerating demyelination and axonal loss. This process involves both the central and peripheral nervous systems, with various cells such as microglia, astrocytes, and T cells playing significan…

Anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin carbon dots in an animal model of demyelination induced by lysolecithin.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by myelin loss and axonal degeneration. Studies have shown that chronic inflammation followed by demyelination contributes to extensive myelin degradation. Thus far, despite disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) that delay disease progression, a definitive cure remains in demand due to the disease's uncertain etiology. Recent studies highlight carbon-based nanomaterials, particularly carbon dots (CDs), as promising drug carriers due to their antioxidant and anti-inflamma…

Animal models of multiple sclerosis: applications and future directions in disease research.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that affects nearly two million individuals worldwide. Characterized by axonal damage, neurodegeneration, and immune-mediated demyelination, MS remains without a cure, and its precise etiology is still unclear. Evidence strongly supports the role of autoimmune mechanisms, with both environmental factors and genetic contributing to disease onset and progression. Animal models have been indispensable in advancing our understanding of MS pathogenesis and in testing therapeutic strategies. …

The Dual Roles of Regulatory B Cells in Infection, Cancer, and Immunity.

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a functionally defined yet phenotypically heterogeneous subset of lymphocytes that are essential for maintain … iseases, cancers, autoimmune disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and uveitis), and organ transplantation. Crucially, we highlight a fundamental functional dichotomy: although Bregs confer protection against autoimmunity and promote transplant tolerance, they concurrently drive the progression of chronic infectio …