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Peer interaction patterns among adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) in mainstream school settings.

The aim of the current study was to document the peer interaction patterns of students with autistic spectrum disorders in mainstream settings. Structured observations of a group of 38 adolescents with ASD drawn from 12 mainstream secondary schools were conducted over a two-day period and data compared with those of school, age, and gender matched comparison groups of 35 adolescents with dyslexia and 38 with no identified special educational needs (the ASD and dyslexia groups were also matched on SEN provision). Frequency and duration of peer interaction behaviours were coded. In terms of dura

Psychometric properties and three proposed subscales of a self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale translated into Hebrew.

We investigated the overall test-retest reliability and other psychometric properties of a self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) translated into Hebrew. We also evaluated the utility of three new subscales that were identified by nonparametric analysis (multidimensional scaling; MDS). Two hundred and seven patients who sought treatment for social anxiety or panic disorder were evaluated. All patients completed the self-administered version of the LSAS. A subsample completed the LSAS a second time prior to the beginning of treatment. The results indicate that the self

What women want to hear: the helpful and unhelpful comments reported by women struggling with infertility amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: Many women struggling with infertility report that they frequently experience unhelpful social interactions with well-meaning loved ones and healthcare providers, contributing to a reluctance to confide in others about their infertility and emotional distress. However, it remains unclear what interaction content women experience as 'helpful' versus 'unhelpful,' making it difficult to provide concrete recommendations to the public about how best to support individuals struggling with infertility. METHODOLOGY: Eighty women from Canada and the United States (ages 20-45 years) whose…

Social engagement modulates wild monkeys' vocal expressions and the behavioral response to that of others.

Animal vocal communication relies on the dynamic interaction between emitter and receiver, with signals shaped within a social and embodied context. To fully understand how such interactive processes operate, we used yawn vocalizations of geladas (Theropithecus gelada), a species showing exceptional yawning variability. We first examined yawn calls produced in three contexts: high-intensity social, low-intensity social, and non-social context and found clear acoustic differences among them, revealing context-dependent modulation in a typically stereotyped behavior. We conducted field playback

I (should) need a cigarette: adolescent social anxiety and cigarette smoking.

BACKGROUND: Approximately half of high school students in the USA have used tobacco. Social anxiety can put adolescents at increased risk for smoking. PURPOSE: This study aims to determine whether adolescents high in trait social anxiety report more cigarette use and greater urge to smoke before, during, and after friend interactions than do teens low in trait social anxiety. METHODS: Four hundred two students who reported smoking more than once during high school were assessed approximately every 30 min during up to 84-day monitoring sessions. RESULTS: Controlling for momentary anxiety, hi

The impact of winning and losing on family interactions: a biological approach to family therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the connection between winning and losing and family functioning. We do this by hypothesizing a link between successful outcomes in individual competition and in functional family interaction. This enables us to show how therapeutic interventions can be directed toward the attachment system, by lowering anxiety and fostering mutual trust, and toward the social rank system, by promoting success and feelings of empowerment. METHOD: A search of online databases was conducted with key search terms related to winning and losing, and their effects on attachment patterns and fa

Causal Explanations, Treatability, and Mental Illness Stigma: Experimental Study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the effects of causal explanations, information about treatability, and type of psychiatric diagnosis on how the public reacts to an individual described as having a specific mental illness versus subclinical distress. METHODS: A 5 (mental health condition) × 2 (treatability) × 4 (causal explanation) vignette experiment was embedded in an online survey, followed by assessments of prognostic optimism and desire to maintain social distance from the vignette character. Data were collected, in late 2022, from a probability sample (N=1,607) represen

Gender and social mobility modify the effect of birth weight on total and central obesity.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the interaction between gender and low birth weight (LBW) and lifelong social mobility as an explanation of the etiology of obesity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate total and central obesity according to gender, LBW and social mobility, within the context of the epidemiological transition in middle-income countries. We hypothesize that there are more pronounced metabolic consequences of social mobility for women born with LBW. METHODS: We used data from a birth cohort study conducted in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Data regarding anthropome

Effect of diazepam on sociability of rats submitted to neonatal seizures.

Status epilepticus (SE), an acute condition characterized by repetitive or ongoing seizures activity, may produce long-term deleterious cons … 1], [2], [3]). Taking into account the bi-directional relationship between the state of anxiety and social interaction (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10567-009-0062-3[4]), we evaluated the impact of the state of anxiety on social interaction. Male Wistar rats at postnatal day 9 were subjected to pilocarpine-induced neonatal SE (380 mg/kg, ip) and the controls rece …

[The social brain: neurobiological bases of clinical interest].

INTRODUCTION: Human social capacities are developmentally late and unique. They allow for a specialisation that enhances the availability of … myelinated, that of the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve, is a requirement for warm and leisurely social interaction. CONCLUSIONS: The neurobiology of social matters makes it possible to recognise disorders affecting this behaviour in structural injuries (vascular, of the white matter, dementias, etc.), neurodevelopmental disorders (autism), psychiatric illnesses …

Sexual dimorphism of autism-like phenotypes in microglial eIF4E overexpression mice.

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social communication and … notype (FCG) mice carrying Sry gene manipulations, generating eight genotypes of experimental mice. Social interaction and repetitive behaviors were assessed using standard behavioral assays. Dendritic spine density was quantified in Thy1-GFP mice. Expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and androgen receptor (AR) was examined in microglia isolated from control and M …

Разные ассоциации между социальной поддержкой и когницией пожилых людей с множественным склерозом и без него.

ЦЕЛЬ: В случае лиц с множественным склерозом (МС) предполагаемая социальная поддержка (ПСС) связана с улучшением психического здоровья, физического благополучия и качества жизни. По мере того как МЗ становятся все более распространенными среди пожилых людей, исследования по вопросу о воздействии МЗ на сознание остаются ограниченными. В настоящем исследовании анализируется влияние общего и донного показателей PSS на скорость обработки и память пожилых людей с помощью MS (OAMS) и здоровых методов контроля. МЕТОД: участниками были ОАМС (n = 94, средний возраст = 64,59 года; % женщин = 68,1 года)

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: In persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), perceived social support (PSS) is linked with better mental health, physical well-being, … SS scores were associated with better SDMT performance. In stratified analyses, however, except for social interaction, adjusting for depressive symptoms attenuated these associations in OAMS. Associations between MSSS and HVLT-R performance were limited. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrated that total and specific facets of PSS were related to processing sp …

Benefits of and Recommendations for Asynchronous Online Focus Group Methodology for Sexual and Reproductive Health Research with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, and Other Sexuality- and Gender-Expansive People with a Cervix.

Purpose: This study aimed to characterize benefits of asynchronous online focus groups (AOFGs) for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, quee … h shared experiences, and opportunity for introspection. Participants expressed a strong desire for social interaction within AOFG discussions, and we identified several strategies that were effective in promoting engagement and interaction in AOFGs. Conclusion: AOFGs can facilitate inclusion in research of LGBTQIA+ individuals for whom other data collection methods …

Evaluation of Pediatricians' Knowledge of Autism in Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition, and early detection is essential for improving outcome … 2022. Participants completed the 19-item KCAHW questionnaire, which covered four knowledge domains: social interaction impairments, communication impairments, repetitive behaviors, and classification/comorbidities. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses (t-tests, analysis of variance, and regression models) assessed associations between participant characte …

The role of childhood trauma, HPA axis reactivity and FKBP5 genotype on cognition in healthy individuals.

Cognitive impairment has been associated with both childhood adversity and abnormalities of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. An interaction exists between the functional polymorphism rs1360780 in the FKBP5 gene and childhood maltreatment, influencing a variety of clinical outcomes. Our goal was to study the relationship between different types of childhood trauma, HPA axis functionality, rs1360780 genotype and cognitive function in 198 healthy individuals who participated in the study. We obtained clinical data, childhood maltreatment scores and neurocognitive performance by

Loneliness Biases Social Engagement Decisions: Evidence From Value-Based Choice Models.

Loneliness is a well-established risk factor for adverse mental health outcomes and persistent social withdrawal. We tested whether loneline … both studies, higher loneliness was consistently associated with a lower likelihood of engaging in social interactions, independent of vignette characteristics and expectation priming. Higher loneliness was consistently associated with lower anticipated connectedness and greater perceived rejection risk during social decision-making. Further exploratory analyses in …

Brain circuits that regulate social behavior.

Social interactions are essential for the survival of individuals and the reproduction of populations. Social stressors, such as social defeat and isolation, can lead to emotional disorders and cognitive impairments. Furthermore, dysfunctional social behaviors are hallmark symptoms of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Consequently, understanding the neural circuit mechanisms underlying social behaviors has become a major focus in neuroscience. Social behaviors, which encompass a wide range of expressions and …

Social skills and social phobia: an investigation of DSM-IV subtypes.

Social phobia is characterized as pervasive social timidity in social settings. Although much is known about this disorder, aspects of its clinical presentation remain unexplored, in particular characteristics that distinguish the generalized and non-generalized subtypes. For example, it remains unclear whether patients with the non-generalized subtype display social skills deficits in social interactions, and if so, are these deficits clinically, as well as statistically, significant? In this study, adults with either the non-generalized (NGSP; n=60) or generalized (GSP; n=119) subtype of soc…

Influence of mild pain and/or sickness caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced clinical mastitis on the time budget, space use and social behaviour of dairy cows.

Cows suffering from mammary inflammation display 'individual-centred' pain and/or sickness behaviours; however, how they interact with their … cross all 6 days, which allowed to collect data on location, activity, proximity to neighbours, and social interactions. Data were analysed using mixed effects models and social network analysis. The results showed significant effects of pain and/or sickness status on behaviour (location; activity) and social dynamics. First, compared to the CONTROL status, cows in …

Social functioning in community residents with depression and other psychiatric disorders: results of the New Haven Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.

Social functioning was compared among 4913 community participants with current depression, past depression, other psychiatric disorders and no psychiatric history, from the New Haven Epidemiologic Catchment Area Wave I survey. Respondents with current major depressive disorder (1.5%) (based on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule) reported significantly poorer intimate relationships and less satisfying social interactions than respondents with past depression or other current disorders. Respondents with no psychiatric history (77%) reported significantly more active and satisfying social interact…