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Патология сна в болезни Креуцфельдта-Якоба.

ЦЕЛИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ: Все более очевидным становится связь между сном и нейродегенеративными заболеваниями. Цель этого исследования состоит в том, чтобы охарактеризовать распространенность и тип патологии сна в болезни Креуцфельдт-Якоб (CJD), быстро прогрессирующей, смертельной нейродегенеративной болезни. МЕТОДЫ: В ходе этого исследования, проведенного с участием различных групп, мы провели ретроспективный анализ признаков сна и симптомов у ряда пациентов с определенным КЖД в медицинском центре третичной медицинской помощи (n = 28). Полисомнография была проведена у 14 пациентов. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Хотя

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Associations between sleep and neurodegenerative diseases have become increasingly evident. This study aims to characterize the prevalence and type of sleep pathology in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a rapidly progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease. METHODS: In this observational cross-sectional cohort study, we performed a retros…

Pathology and Pathogenesis of Yersinia pestis.

Various types of animal models of plague have been developed, including mice, rats, guinea pigs, and nonhuman primates. Studies have indicated that rodent and nonhuman primate models of pneumonic plague closely resemble the human disease and that the pathologic changes that occur during bubonic plague are very similar in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans. In this section, the pathological changes caused by Y. pestis in different animal models are described. The bacterium Y. pestis causes deadly plague, whereas the other two closely related enteropathogenic Yersinia species merely cause li

Cardiac amyloidosis: pathology, nomenclature, and typing.

Amyloidosis is an increasingly recognized cause of heart disease, caused by the deposition of misfolded protein within the heart. These proteins may deposit systemically and include the heart or deposit only within the heart muscle itself. In either case, cardiac symptoms may be the primary manifestation. The diagnosis is usually made by the pathologist identifying amyloid within a tissue sample. The diagnosis, however, does not end with such visual recognition of the presence of amyloid. Newer generation pharmacotherapeutic agents that are protein specific necessitate a closer evaluation to d

Antibodies as Mediators of Brain Pathology.

The brain is normally sequestered from antibody exposure by the blood brain barrier. However, antibodies can access the brain during fetal development before the barrier achieves full integrity, and in disease states when barrier integrity is compromised. Recent studies suggest that antibodies contribute to brain pathology associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and neuromyelitis optica, and can lead to transient or permanent behavioral or cognitive abnormalities. We review these findings here and examine the circumstances associated with antibody entry into th…

Sleep in Schizophrenia: Pathology and Treatment.

Both subjective and objective assessments of sleep patterns in schizophrenia include a wide range of dyssomnias, with insomnia being the most frequently cited. Early and middle insomnia can range from mild disruption to total sleeplessness. Severe insomnia is a prodromal sign of clinical exacerbation or relapse. In general, most antipsychotic agents (APs) ameliorate this insomnia. However, in some schizophrenics APs can be associated with residual insomnia or with significant daytime somnolence. Furthermore, in some schizophrenics APs can induce or exacerbate comorbid sleep disorders such as r

Personality Pathology and Interpersonal Problem Stability.

Personality disorders (PDs) are often described as stable, which ignores the important dynamic processes and shifts that are observed clinically in individuals with PD. The current study examined patterns of variability in problematic interpersonal functioning, a core feature of personality pathology. Participants (N = 150) were assessed for personality pathology at baseline and also completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex Scales at baseline and every 3 months over the course of a year. Baseline PD was used to predict individual means and variability parameters in generali…

Metallic stents for tracheobronchial pathology treatment.

PURPOSE: To present the 7-year experience of the treatment of benign and malignant tracheobronchial stenoses using metallic stents. PATIENT … 3 months patients with in benign lesions. By the end of the study, 100 % of patients with malignant pathology and 6.7 % of patients with benign lesions had died. CONCLUSION: Endoluminal treatment of tracheobronchial stenosis with metallic stents is a therapeutic alternative in patients who are poor candidates for surgery. In unresectable malignant lesions, …

Pulmonary pathology in pediatric cerebral malaria.

Respiratory signs are common in African children where malaria is highly endemic, and thus, parsing the role of pulmonary pathology in illness is challenging. We examined the lungs of 100 children from an autopsy series in Blantyre, Malawi, many of whom death was attributed to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Our aim was to describe the pathologic manifestations of fatal malaria; to understand the role of parasites, pigment, and macrophages; and to catalog comorbidities. From available patients, which included 55 patients with cerebral malaria and 45 controls, we obtained 4 cores of lung tissue …

Facial nerve: from anatomy to pathology.

The facial nerve (CN VII) emerges from the facial nerve nucleus in the pons. It is accompanied by CN VIII along its cisternal pathway, as well as at the internal auditory meatus. Its petrous pathway includes a labyrinthine segment, a horizontal tympanic segment and a vertical mastoid segment until the stylomastoid foramen. It then continues to the parotid gland. Pontine impairment is usually associated with other neurological symptoms. Lesions of the cerebellopontine angle (most often meningioma and schwannoma) initially result in impairment of CN VIII. The impairment of CN VII takes second pl

Pathology of emesis: its autonomic basis.

Vagal and non-vagal pathways as well as several brainstem nuclei participate in vomiting in response to different emetic stimuli. Autonomic pathways involved in nausea are less well understood. Numerous gastrointestinal disorders with prominent nausea and vomiting including gastroparesis, cyclic vomiting syndrome, and motion sickness have associated autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Autonomic disturbances are also seen with non-gastrointestinal diseases with gut manifestations such as migraine headaches, orthostatic intolerance, and familial dysautonomia. Stimulation of emetic pathways inv

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata and cardiac pathology.

BACKGROUND: Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is an autosomal recessive peroxisomal disorder characterised by rhizomelia, contractures, congenital cataracts, facial dysmorphia, severe psychomotor defects and growth retardation. Biochemically, the levels of plasmalogens (major constituents of cellular membranes) are low due to a genetic defect in their biosynthesis. Cardiac muscle contains high concentrations of plasmalogens. Recently cardiac dysfunction was found in a mouse model for RCDP with undetectable plasmalogen levels in all tissues including the heart. This suggests the impor

New insights into ovarian cancer pathology.

Malignant epithelial tumors (carcinomas) are the most common ovarian cancers and also the most lethal gynecological malignancies. Based on histopathology and molecular genetic alterations, ovarian carcinomas are divided into five main types [high-grade serous (70%), endometrioid (10%), clear-cell (10%), mucinous (3%), and low-grade serous carcinomas (<5%)] that account for over 95% of cases. These types are essentially distinct diseases, as indicated by differences in epidemiological and genetic risk factors, precursor lesions, patterns of spread, and molecular events during oncogenesis, respo…

Hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in corneal pathology.

PURPOSE: We characterized the presence of hemangiogenesis (HA) and lymphangiogenesis (LA) in human corneal specimens exhibiting 13 underlying pathologies. METHODS: Human corneal specimens were obtained from consenting subjects (n = 2 or n = 3 for each pathology; total sample size, n = 35). The pathological specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to determine the presence or absence of corneal neovascularization (NV) and superficial or deep stromal distribution of NV. Immunohistochemical staining was then performed to differentiate HA (positive for CD31) from LA (positive for l…

Distal intramural urethral pathology in women.

PURPOSE: We reviewed the evaluation of distal intramural urethral pathology in women and its management using urethral dilation and general anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After receiving institutional review board approval we reviewed consecutive charts of women who underwent urethral dilation under general anesthesia for distal intramural urethral pathology. The pathological condition was defined as bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms with distal urethral narrowing and proximal ballooning on lateral voiding cystourethrogram. Patients with extramural, intraluminal or nondistal urethra…