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[Quantitative whole-body bone scintigraphy. III. Clinical significance for the diagnosis of bone metastases, systemic bone diseases and diseases of the joint (author's transl)].

Quantitative whole-body bone scans were performed on 277 patients with bone metastases, diseases of the joint and systemic bone diseases in order to evaluate the clinical significance of quantitative and kinetic data in bone imaging. Metastases and other focal bone diseases are recognizable and quantifiable by the method; however, sensitivity and specificity of bone imaging are not enhanced. In metabolic bone diseases, with the exception of osteoporosis, kinetic data facilitate the analysis of bone scans. Typical signs of osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy--increased re…

Ubiquitin-specific proteases: Vital regulatory molecules in bone and bone-related diseases.

Stabilization of bone structure and function involves multiple cell-to-cell and molecular interactions, in which the regulatory functions of … ical increases in the levels of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β and TNF-α lead to inflammatory bone diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. While impaired body metabolism greatly increases the probability of osteoporosis. Abnormal physiological activity of bone-associated cells results in a variety of bone tumors. The regul …

Bone metabolism and adipokines: are there perspectives for bone diseases drug discovery?

INTRODUCTION: Over the past 20 years, the idea that white adipose tissue (WAT) is simply an energy depot organ has been radically changed. I … the modification of the adipokine network could potentially lead to promising treatment options for bone diseases. EXPERT OPINION: There are currently substantial developments being made in the understanding of the interplay between bone metabolism and the metabolic system. These insights could potentially lead to the development of new treatment strategies an …

Application Strategies of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Bone-Related Diseases.

Bone-related diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and fractures) exhibit a rising global incidence, imposing significant burdens on both quality of life and healthcare systems. Conventional therapeutic approaches, including anti-resorptive drugs and surgical interventions, face limitations such as long-term medication requirements, adverse effects (e.g., bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw) and suboptimal efficacy. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative due to their accessibility, multi-lineage differentiation poten

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Regeneration and Associated Bone Diseases.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale particles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure secreted by various cell types. Nearly all human cells secrete EVs, primarily mediating intercellular communication. In recent years, scientists have discovered that EVs can carry multiple biological cargos, such as DNA, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), proteins, cytokines, and lipids, and mediate intercellular signal transduction. Bone is a connective tissue with a nerve supply and high vascularization. The repair process after injury is highly complex, involving interactions among multiple cell types and bi

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… Bone Disease | Role and Specific Effects of EVs | Mechanisms and Pathways | Ref. … NCT Number | Title | Status | Conditions | Interventions | Characteristics NCT06368154 | Exosome microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity | Recruiting | • Exosomes • Newborn • Bone diseases, metabolic | Not applicable | Phase: not applicable NCT05520125 | Treatment of …

Application of Bone Marrow Stem Cell Based Therapy in Bone Loss Diseases.

Hematopoietic bone marrow stem cell transplantation has been regularly used in clinical practice for over 40 years. Further research indicates that bone marrow stromal cells are also stem cells that are capable of self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. With appropriate induction, the bone marrow stromal cells can differentiate into bone, cartilage, tendon, adipose tissue and fibrous tissue, which would potentially be applied for treating bone loss diseases. This review outlines research in understanding role of bone marrow stem cells and stem cells from other origins in bone repair,

[Bone and joint diseases in children. Abnormal bone mineral density in children].

In recent years, the problem of osteoporosis is increasingly raised in children as well as adults both as a primary disorder and as secondary results to various diseases, medications, and lifestyle issues. On the other hand, molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis have been elucidated in several sclerosing disorders contributing to our understanding of basic biology of bone metabolism. In this chapter, we reviewed the recent progress on the method to evaluate BMD in growing period and etiologies of abnormal BMD in children.

Serum Sclerostin and Its Association with Bone Turnover Marker in Metabolic Bone Diseases.

Sclerostin is a secreted inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that is mainly produced by osteocytes and is an important regulator of bone remodeling. Some studies have evaluated serum sclerostin levels in metabolic bone diseases, but the results have been contradictory. The profile of serum sclerostin levels in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), and Paget's disease of bone (PDB) was obtained to determine their association with bone turnover marker. Serum sclerostin levels, biochemical parameters, and the bone turnover marker, β-CrossLaps of type 1 coll…

The emerging role of Interleukin 37 in bone homeostasis and inflammatory bone diseases.

Interleukin 37 (IL-37) is a newly identified cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family. Unlike other members of the IL-1 family, it has been demonstrated that IL-37 possesses anti-inflammatory characteristics in both innate and acquired immune responses. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the role of IL-37 in inflammatory signaling pathways. Meanwhile, IL-37 has also attracted more and more attention in bone homeostasis and inflammatory bone diseases. The latest studies have revealed that IL-37 palys an essential role in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and osteob…

[Control of bone remodeling by nervous system. Bone metabolic changes in neurological diseases].

We introduced the relationship between bone change and neurological disturbance in the patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) , Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) . High incidence of osteoporosis and right/left difference in osteopenia are found in the diseases. CVD and PD patients with asymmetrical osteopenia show an association between clinical symptoms, peripheral circulatory symptoms, and predominant osteopenia. Although the muscle strength of PD patients was normal, the more severely affected side for PD symptoms and autonomic symptoms coincided with pre

Osteolytic bone diseases: physiological analogues of bone resorption effectors as alternative therapeutic tools.

The recent identification of key molecular protagonists involved in osteoclast biology has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches of osteolytic diseases using biological molecules which could compete with bisphosphonate therapy.

Recent advances in bone biology provide insight into the pathogenesis of bone diseases.

Bone is modeled during embryonic development by endochondral and membranous ossification and is continuously remodeled thereafter under the … in these response pathways could be specific targets for novel therapies to treat or prevent common bone diseases.

FGF23: A player not only in bone diseases.

The skeleton is able to secrete hormones and mediate endocrine functions. Particularly, the fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has received considerable attention for its unique phosphaturic properties, raising the bone to the status of an essential endocrine regulator. Excess in circulating levels of FGF23, not so surprisingly, then associated to mineral imbalance, in hereditary/acquired mineral and skeletal disorders. A key player, FGF23 excess precedes mineral and skeletal disturbances. However, unexpected effects have been described in the recent years. Various demonstrations have been ma

Causal Links Between Bone Diseases and Temporomandibular Disorders.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Epidemiological observational studies have explored the link between bone joint-related diseases and temporomandibular disorders (TMD), but inconsistent conclusions have emerged due to various limitations. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between bone joint-related diseases and TMD using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS: We utilized a two-sample MR design, applying pooled genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from six subtypes of bone and joint diseases and TMD. Primary analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) metho

Therapeutic application of hydrogels for bone-related diseases.

Bone-related diseases caused by trauma, infection, and aging affect people's health and quality of life. The prevalence of bone-related diseases has been increasing yearly in recent years. Mild bone diseases can still be treated with conservative drugs and can be cured confidently. However, serious bone injuries caused by large-scale trauma, fractures, bone tumors, and other diseases are challenging to heal on their own. Open surgery must be used for intervention. The treatment method also faces the problems of a long cycle, high cost, and serious side effects. Studies have found that hydrogel…

Circular RNAs: typical biomarkers for bone-related diseases.

Bone is a connective tissue that has important functions in the human body. Cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are key components of bone and are closely related to bone-related diseases. However, the outcomes of conventional treatments for bone-related diseases are not promising, and hence it is necessary to elucidate the exact regulatory mechanisms of bone-related diseases and identify novel biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs that form closed circular structures without a 5' cap or 3' tail and polycyclic adenylate tails. Due to their

MicroRNA-21: An Emerging Player in Bone Diseases.

MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that bind to the 3'-untranslated region of target genes and promote their degradatio … osteonecrosis, providing a new way of thinking for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these bone diseases.

RUNX2-modifying enzymes: therapeutic targets for bone diseases.

RUNX2 is a master transcription factor of osteoblast differentiation. RUNX2 expression in the bone and osteogenic front of a suture is crucial for cranial suture closure and membranous bone morphogenesis. In this manner, the regulation of RUNX2 is precisely controlled by multiple posttranslational modifications (PTMs) mediated by the stepwise recruitment of multiple enzymes. Genetic defects in RUNX2 itself or in its PTM regulatory pathways result in craniofacial malformations. Haploinsufficiency in RUNX2 causes cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), which is characterized by open fontanelle and hypopl

Omnipresence of inflammasome activities in inflammatory bone diseases.

The inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes that are assembled in response to a variety of perturbations including infections and injuries. Failure of the inflammasomes to rapidly clear the insults or restore tissue homeostasis can result in chronic inflammation. Recurring inflammation is also provoked by mutations that cause the constitutive assembly of the components of these protein platforms. Evidence suggests that chronic inflammation is a shared mechanism in bone loss associated with aging, dysregulated metabolism, autoinflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Mechanistically, inf