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Effective use of JC virus PCR for diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

In a retrospective review of data from 168 patients with suspected progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) between 1996 and 2006, JC virus (JCV) PCR on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples was positive only in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with low CD4 cell counts and in severely immunocompromised patients with radiographic lesions consistent with PML or infectious processes generally. Of note, one HIV patient with a very low CD4 cell count had a positive JCV PCR despite a normal magnetic resonance imaging exam. We concluded that JCV PCR testing on CSF specimens sh…

JC virus granule cell neuronopathy in a child with CD40 ligand deficiency.

JC virus infection of the brain typically causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a demyelinating disease that rarely involves gray matter. This report presents a case of cerebellar degeneration associated with JC virus infection in a male with CD40 ligand deficiency resulting in hyperimmunoglobulin M type 1. This patient exhibited a progressive cerebellar ataxia with progressive atrophy of the cerebellar cortex in association with the presence of JC virus in the spinal fluid. JC virus infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ataxia in children with inherited …

JC virus agnoprotein inhibits in vitro differentiation of oligodendrocytes and promotes apoptosis.

Productive infection of oligodendrocytes, which are responsible for the formation of myelin sheath in the central nervous system, with the human neurotropic virus JC virus (JCV) causes the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). In addition to encoding T antigen and the capsid proteins, which are produced at the early and late phases of the infection cycle, respectively, JCV encodes a small regulatory protein named agnoprotein that is important for successful completion of the virus life cycle. Here we used bipotential CG-4 cells to examine the impact of a…

JC virus enters human glial cells by clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis.

The human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) is the etiologic agent of a fatal central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). PML occurs predominantly in immunosuppressed patients and has increased dramatically as a result of the AIDS pandemic. The major target cell of JCV infection and lytic replication in the CNS is the oligodendrocyte. The mechanisms by which JCV initiates and establishes infection of these glial cells are not understood. The initial interaction between JCV and glial cells involves virus binding to N-linked glycoprotei…

JC virus excreted by multiple sclerosis patients and paired controls from Hungary.

JC virus (JCV), a human polyomavirus, is the agent of the demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). JCV exists in four main genotypes in the USA. Type 1, including subtypes Type 1A and Type 1B, makes up about 64% of strains in the USA and is thought to be of European origin. Type 2 is found in Asia, and Type 3 in Africa. A fourth type is found only in the USA. In general, these genotypes differ in 1-2.5% of their DNA sequence. Thirty MS patients and 30 paired controls from Budapest were studied. The clinical course of MS was mainly secondary progressive, and patie…

Detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients.

JC virus (JCV), the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), has been proposed as a possible aetiopathogenic factor in multiple sclerosis (MS). We performed a study to search the LT region of JCV genome by nested PCR in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and urine samples collected from 121 MS patients, 24 patients with other neurological disorders (OND), 30 non neurological patients (NND) and in PBMCs and urine of 40 healthy subjects. JCV DNA has been found in the CSF of 11 MS patients (9%) while all the CSFs from the 24 OND and the…

Phylogenetic analysis of 22 complete genomes of the human polyomavirus JC virus.

The polyomavirus JC (JCV) establishes a persistent infection in the kidneys, and is the virus agent that causes the demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. PCR and DNA sequence analyses of partial JCV genomes have shown that there are at least four main JCV types, each associated with a specific geographical region. Type 1 is of European origin, Type 2 is Asian, Type 3 is found in individuals of African decent and Type 4 is a potential recombinant of Types 1 and 3, and is widely distributed throughout the population of the United States. A comprehensive phylogenetic a

The JC virus minimal core promoter is glial cell specific in vivo.

The glial cell specificity of the human papovavirus JC (JCV), an etiologic agent for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, is thought to be due to the presence of both positive and negative regulatory elements upstream of the TATA region within the JCV promoter. Here we report that the JCV minimal core promoter, containing only the TATA box and an 8-bp poly(T) region immediately upstream, is sufficient to initiate transcription of an attached gene in glial cells and functions as an autonomously active initiator. We further define the sequences required for this core promoter's glial cell

Phylogenetic comparison between archetypal and disease-associated JC virus isolates in Japan.

We examined the phylogenetical correlation between two types of JC virus (JCV) isolates, archetypes derived from the urine of nonimmunocompromised individuals and PML-types derived from the brain of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in Japan. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for eight JCV isolates, five PML-types obtained in this and previous studies and three representative archetypes, from DNA sequence data on the VP1 (major capsid protein) gene. The eight isolates were divided into two major groups, named subtypes MY and CY after the representative archetypal…

Subclinical central nervous system infection with JC virus in patients with AIDS.

Immunocompromised patients, particularly those with AIDS, develop progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) due to central nervous system infection with JC virus (JCV). It is unknown whether JCV infection in the central nervous system can occur in the absence of PML symptoms. To address this question, autopsy specimens from patients with AIDS were examined. The brains of a group of patients without AIDS or central nervous system disease were also examined. JCV DNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in brain tissue from 4 (31%) of 13 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive…

Isolation of JC virus capsomer-like structures from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy brain.

Brain tissue from a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) was analyzed by molecular biological and electron-microscopic techniques. Viral DNA was isolated directly from brain tissue, cloned into a plasmid vector, and subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis. The pattern of restriction fragments identified by gel electrophoresis was almost indistinguishable from that of prototype JC virus. By this procedure the etiologic agent of PML in this patient was identified without the isolation of infectious virus. After centrifugal clarification of brain homogenates, high …

Сопоставление результатов анализа ОК вирусов с составителем и биоаналогичным наследственным вирусом.

Редкое осложнение, связанное с лечением внутриутробного лейкоэнцефалопатии (ПМЛ); риск может быть стратифицирован с использованием антителного состояния вируса JC (JCV). При калькуляторах для оказания помощи в принятии клинических решений используются когортные данные, испытанные с использованием анализа Stratify-JCV. В ответ на обеспокоенность по поводу увеличения числа серопозитивных результатов JCV после перехода на биоаналоговый и соответствующий испытательный переключатель мы попытались понять клинические последствия. Включено в общей сложности 497 человек, имеющих MS, которые перешли из

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: A rare complication of natalizumab treatment is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML); risk can be stratified using JC virus (JCV) antibody status. Risk calculators to aid clinical decision-making use cohort data tested using the Stratify-JCV assay. Following concerns of an increased number of JCV seropositive results following the swi…

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Lesions and JC Virus: The Limits and Value of Imaging.

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JC Virus Replication at the First Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disorder of unknown etiology, in which viruses have been suggested as etiological/triggering agents. The attention to the association between viruses and MS has been rekindled by the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in natalizumab-treated MS patients. Here we report the case of a woman with JC virus (JCV) replication in the cerebrospinal fluid, blood and urine collected at the first symptoms of MS and during several follow-up visits. This observation shows that JCV can be associated with MS without a relation with…

Detection of JC virus DNA fragments but not proteins in normal brain tissue.

OBJECTIVE: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal demyelinating disease of the white matter affecting immunocompromised patients that results from the cytolytic destruction of glial cells by the human neurotropic JC virus (JCV). According to one model, during the course of immunosuppression, JCV departs from its latent state in the kidney and after entering the brain, productively infects and destroys oligodendrocytes. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that JCV may reside in a latent state in a specific region of the brains of immunocompetent (non-PML) indi…

Induction of chromosomal instability in colonic cells by the human polyomavirus JC virus.

Most colorectal cancers display chromosomal instability, which is characterized by gross chromosomal rearrangements, loss of heterozygosity and aneuploidy. We have previously demonstrated a link between JC virus strains Mad-1 and Delta98 and colorectal cancer. Others have also associated the virus to the induction of colon cancer and aneuploid brain tumors by producing a highly tumorigenic protein named T antigen (TAg), which binds to beta-catenin and inactivates key proteins such as p53. The aim is to demonstrate that JC virus is capable of inducing chromosomal instability in colonic cells. W…

Exogenous human immunodeficiency virus-1 protein, Tat, enhances replication of JC virus efficiently in neuroblastoma cell lines.

The high incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) among individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is similar to the incidence of other immunocompromised diseases. The pathogenic JC virus (JCV) with rearranged regulatory regions (PML-type) causes PML, a demyelinating disease in the brains of immunocompromised patients. In a previous study, Tat protein, encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), markedly enhanced the expression of a reporter gene under control of the JCV late promoter. In order to examine the enhancement of JCV replication by Ta…

Latency and reactivation of JC virus in peripheral blood of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients.

JC virus (JCV) acts as an opportunistic virus in immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients. The role of peripheral blood cells in central nervous system invasion, before the onset of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), remains controversial. In order to clarify JCV latency or reactivation status in peripheral blood, 72 HIV-1-infected patients were studied, together with 7 HIV-1-positive PML patients and 50 blood donors. Blood leukocytes, plasma, and B lymphocytes were investigated by two complementary DNA amplification procedures within the e…

JC virus spread is potentiated by glial replication and demyelination-linked glial proliferation.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a demyelinating infection of the immunosuppressed brain, mediated by the gliotropic polyomavirus JCV. JCV replicates in human glial progenitor cells and astrocytes, which undergo viral T-antigen-triggered mitosis, enabling viral replication. We asked whether JCV spread might therefore be accelerated by glial proliferation. Using both in vitro analysis and a human glial chimeric mouse model of JCV infection, we found that dividing human astrocytes supported JCV propagation to a substantially greater degree than did mitotically quiescent cells. Accor

Central nervous system disease with JC virus infection in adults with congenital HIV.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the natural history of individuals with congenital HIV who develop JC virus (JCV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated individuals with congenital HIV who met criteria for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) or JCV granule cell neuronopathy (JCV GCN) at three major healthcare centres in the northeast USA. Data on adherence to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), neurologic symptoms, serum markers of immunity and HIV infection, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses, radiographic featur…