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Paternal exposure to environmental 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol concentrations modifies testicular transcription, affecting the sperm transcript content and the offspring performance in zebrafish.

The synthetic estrogen 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), a major constituent in contraceptive pills, is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) present in the aquatic environment at concentrations of ng/L. Developmental exposure to these low concentrations in fish can induce several disorders. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a perfect organism for monitoring the effects of environmental contaminants. Our hypothesis is that changes promoted by EE2 in the germ line of male adults could be transmitted to the unexposed progeny. We exposed male zebrafish to 2.5, 5 and 10ng/L of EE2 during spermatogenesis and

Paternal BPA and BPS exposure induce testicular dysfunction in pubertal male offspring: roles of OCTN2 carnitine transporter disruption and exacerbated oxidative stress/apoptosis.

Although numerous studies have reported the male reproductive toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) and its substitute bisphenol S (BPS), the impacts of paternal exposure to these chemicals on the male reproductive system of offspring and the underlying molecular mechanism remain inadequately explored. In this study, we investigated male reproductive toxicity in pubertal offspring resulting from paternal exposure to environmentally relevant doses of BPA (0.45 μg/kg body weight [bw]/day) or BPS (0.15 μg/kg bw/day). Our results showed that paternal exposure to BPA or BPS reduced pubertal offspring testo…

Paternal exposure to exercise and/or caffeine and alcohol modify offspring behavioral and pathophysiological recovery from repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in adolescence.

Only recently has the scope of parental research expanded to include the paternal sphere with epidemiological studies implicating stress, nutrition and alcohol consumption in the neurobiological and behavioral characteristics of offspring. This study was designed to determine if paternal exposure to caffeine, alcohol and exercise prior to conception would improve or exacerbate offspring recovery from adolescent repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (RmTBI). Sires received 7 weeks of standard drinking water, or caffeine and ethanol and were housed in regular cages or cages with running wheels,…

Paternal morphine exposure in rats reduces social play in adolescent male progeny without affecting drug-taking behavior in juvenile males or female offspring.

The ongoing opioid addiction crisis necessitates the identification of novel risk factors to improve prevention and treatment of opioid use disorder. Parental opioid exposure has recently emerged as a potential regulator of offspring vulnerability to opioid misuse, in addition to heritable genetic liability. An understudied aspect of this "missing heritability" is the developmental presentation of these cross-generational phenotypes. This is an especially relevant question in the context of inherited addiction-related phenotypes, given the prominent role of developmental processes in the etiol

Paternal Exposure to Non-essential Heavy Metal Affects Embryo Cleavage and Implantation in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Cycles: Evidence for a Paradoxical Effect.

Although the adverse effects of non-essential heavy metals on semen quality have been demonstrated in experimental animal models and occupational human exposure studies, little is known about the reproductive efficiency of exposed sperm during the process of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Our study aims to evaluate the effect of paternal exposure to non-essential heavy metals on embryo efficiency outcomes (embryo cleavage, fragmentation, implantation, and live birth) in ICSI cycle. Ninety-five heterosexual couples who underwent 95 ICSI cycles and 78 fresh embryo transfers between Jan…

Paternal occupational exposure to pesticides or herbicides as risk factors for cancer in children and young adults: a case-control study from the North of England.

Researchers in numerous studies have suggested that preconception paternal occupational exposures to various substances, including pesticides and herbicides, may be involved in the etiology of childhood cancers. Using data from the Northern Region Young Persons' Malignant Disease Registry, the authors investigated whether paternal occupations likely to involve such exposures, as recorded at the time of a child's birth, were associated with children's cancer risk. The authors matched cases (n = 4,723), on sex and year of birth, to controls from 2 independent sources: (1) all other patients from

Is there an association between preconception paternal x-ray exposure and birth outcome? The ALSPAC Study Team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood.

Diagnostic x-rays are performed commonly on men of reproductive age, yet little is known about the potential effects of these x-rays on the future unborn children of such men. This study examines the possibility that preconception diagnostic x-ray studies of fathers may adversely effect their newborns. The authors used prospectively collected data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC) for 7,678 birth records for women who gave birth in the County of Avon, England, in 1991-1992. Birth weight, gestational age, and fetal growth of infants whose fathers received diag

Alterations in sperm DNA methylation may as a mediator of paternal air pollution exposure and offspring birth outcomes: Insight from a birth cohort study.

Paternal exposure to environmental risk factors influences the offspring health. This study aimed to evaluate the association between paternal air pollution exposure mediated by sperm DNA methylation and adverse birth outcomes in offspring. We recruited 1607 fertile men and their partners from 2014 to 2016 and collected semen samples to detect sperm DNA methylation. Multivariate linear regression and weighted quantile sum regression models were used to assess the associations between paternal air pollution exposure and offspring birth outcomes. A critical exposure window was identified. Reduce…

miR-184/hamp-Mediated Cardiotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Offspring Zebrafish Following Paternal Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate.

Recently, increasing attention has been focused on the intergenerational toxicity of environmental contaminants. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) … e. It was found that TDCIPP accumulated in F0 testes but not in the offspring embryos. Furthermore, paternal exposure to TDCIPP led to an increased heart rate, abnormal cardiac morphology, and significantly elevated ventricular wall thickness in the offspring zebrafish. Additionally, lipid metabolism disorders, abnormal liver morphology, and functional impairment w …

Transgenerational impact of grand-paternal lifetime exposures to both folic acid deficiency and supplementation on genome-wide DNA methylation in male germ cells.

BACKGROUND: DNA methylation (DNAme) erasure and reacquisition occur during prenatal male germ cell development; some further remodeling takes place after birth during spermatogenesis. Environmental insults during germline epigenetic reprogramming may affect DNAme, presenting a potential mechanism for transmission of environmental exposures across multiple generations. OBJECTIVES: We investigated how germ cell DNAme is impacted by lifetime exposures to diets containing either low or high, clinically relevant, levels of the methyl donor folic acid and whether resulting DNAme alterations were in

Paternal Prenatal and Lactation Exposure to a High-Calorie Diet Shapes Transgenerational Brain Macro- and Microstructure Defects, Impacting Anxiety-Like Behavior in Male Offspring Rats.

Prenatal exposure to high-energy diets (HED) increases the susceptibility to behavioral alterations in the male offspring. We addressed whether prenatal HED primes the transgenerational inheritance of structural brain changes impacting anxiety/depression-like behavior in the offspring. For this, we used female Wistar rats exposed to a HED [cafeteria (CAF) diet, n = 6] or chow [control (CON) n = 6] during development. Anxiety and depression-like behavior were evaluated in filial 1 (F1), filial 2 (F2), and filial 3 (F3) male offspring using the open field (OFT), elevated plus maze, novelty suppr

Effect of paternal exposure to glyphosate and microcystin-LR on zebrafish (Danio rerio) fathers and progeny: An integrated investigation based on behavioral, histopathological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analysis.

The coexistence of glyphosate (GLY) and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in the environment has become a problem that cannot be ignored. However, the … h brain, potentially impacting a range of biological functions, including neurobehavior. Meanwhile, paternal exposure to GLY and MC-LR, either individually or in combination, inhibited the spontaneous movement of untreated embryos at 24 hpf and reduced swimming activity at 120 hpf. Transcriptome sequencing of larvae further elucidates the intricate mechanisms under …

Maternal cannabis use in pregnancy, perinatal outcomes, and cognitive development in offspring: a longitudinal analysis of the ALSPAC cohort using paternal cannabis use as a negative control exposure.

Maternal cannabis use in pregnancy is reported to be associated with perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Such associations, however, may be biased by residual confounding by socioeconomic position (SEP). To assess confounding, we use paternal cannabis use in pregnancy as a negative control exposure. We use data from 15,013 mother-father-child trios from the ALSPAC birth cohort, with participants initially recruited between 1990 and 1992. Exposures were maternal and paternal cannabis use during pregnancy. Neonatal anthropometry, perinatal, cognitive, and neurodevelopmental o

Family-Based Designs that Disentangle Inherited Factors from Pre- and Postnatal Environmental Exposures: In Vitro Fertilization, Discordant Sibling Pairs, Maternal versus Paternal Comparisons, and Adoption Designs.

Identifying environmental risk and protective exposures that have causal effects on health is an important scientific goal. Many environmental exposures are nonrandomly allocated and influenced by dispositional factors including inherited ones. We review family-based designs that can separate the influence of environmental exposures from inherited influences shared between parent and offspring. We focus on prenatal exposures. We highlight that the family-based designs that can separate the prenatal environment from inherited confounds are different to those that are able to pull apart later-li

Многострановое исследование базы данных для оценки результатов беременности и младенчества после возможного воздействия кладрибинных таблеток на матерей или отцов при лечении множественного склероза: методы исследования КЛЕО и обновление статуса.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Кладрибинные таблетки противопоставляются во время беременности; таким образом, данные о безопасности беременности, подверженной такому лечению, ограничены. СЛАР собирает и описывает результаты беременности в этой недостаточно изученной группе населения. ЦЕЛИ: Описание основных особенностей структуры исследования, проведенного в рамках программы < < ЯДЕР > > , включая источники данных и методологический подход, и представление обновленной информации о ходе работы. DESIGN: CLEAR представляет собой неинтервенционное, многобазовое, сравнительное когортное исслед

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… Data on paternal exposure to cladribine tablets in the pre-conception period were available from some of the participating countries; however, this was not a prerequisite for inclusion in this study. Further information on outcome sources for all participating countries can be found in Table S1 . … One of the aims of CLEAR is to assess the effects of paternal exposure to cladribine tablets on pregnancy outcomes. …

Relationship between paternal smoking behaviour and birth outcomes based on a comic booklet intervention for preventing second-hand smoke exposure to non-smoking pregnant women in Indonesia: a follow-up randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Although the harmfulness of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure to foetuses is well-established, literature reporting foetal outcomes in experimental studies is limited. This follow-up study on preventing SHS exposure among non-smoking Indonesian pregnant women at home was based on a randomised controlled trial involving the provision of comic booklets with stickers to couples. This trial examined differences in the birth outcomes of participating couples between the experimental and control groups, factors associated with paternal smoking behaviour, and association between birth outc

Paternal smoking and spontaneous abortion: a population-based retrospective cohort study among non-smoking women aged 20-49 years in rural China.

BACKGROUND: To comprehensively evaluate the association of paternal smoking and spontaneous abortion. METHODS: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study among 5 770 691 non-smoking rural Chinese women, along with their husbands, participating in the National Free Pre-Pregnancy Checkups Project, regarding outcome events that occurred in 2010-2016. The main outcome was spontaneous abortion (SA). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95% CI, and restricted cubic spline was used to estimate the non-linear relationship. RESULTS: The multivariable-adjusted

Effects of parental occupational exposure to lead and other metals on spontaneous abortion.

The aim of this article was to summarize the epidemiologic studies on the possible impact of parental occupational exposure to lead or other metals on spontaneous abortion. For paternal exposure, the total number of abortions in the studies with adequate exposure contrast were 340 for lead, 240 for mercury, and 90 for unspecified metals and, correspondingly, for maternal exposure, about 80 for lead, 80 for mercury, 70 for nickel, and 130 for exposure to unspecified metals. Epidemiologic studies indicate that paternal exposure to lead or mercury might be associated with the risk of spontaneous …

Spermatogenic timing, dose, and route of administration as determinants of paternal transmission of developmental neurotoxicity.

Growing evidence challenges the long-standing assumption that the paternal germline is insulated from environmental perturbation and identifies preconception paternal exposure as an underrecognized pathway of developmental neurotoxicity. Across mammalian models, paternal exposure to substances of abuse, including cocaine, nicotine, ethanol, morphine, and cannabinoids, induces reproducible, often sex-specific alterations in offspring brain function and behavior, including changes in cognition, stress responsivity, reward processing, and affective behaviors, accompanied by transcriptional and ep…

Investigating paternal preconception risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in a population of internet users.

BACKGROUND: Paternal preconception risk factors such as smoking, exposure to environmental substances, medication use, overweight and advanced age correlate with the occurrence of malformations and birth defects in the offspring. Nonetheless, the prevalence of risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in the male population has been scarcely investigated and no report on preconception interventions targeting prospective fathers is available. We conducted a web-based survey to measure the prevalence of paternal preconception risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in an Italian population