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Description of Pseudochrobactrum gen. nov., with the two species Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum sp. nov. and Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum sp. nov.

Two Gram-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacteria (CCUG 46016(T) and CCUG 33852(T)), isolated from a knee aspirate of a 66-year-old man and an industrial glue, respectively, were studied for their taxonomic position. On the basis of chemotaxonomic data [i.e. major ubiquinone (Q-10), major polar lipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine) and major fatty acids (C(18 : 1)omega7c and C(19 : 0) cyclo omega8c)] and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, both strains belong to the Alphaproteobacteria. The presence of spermidine an

Metabolic and antiproliferative consequences of activated polyamine catabolism in LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells.

Depletion of intracellular polyamine pools invariably inhibits cell growth. Although this is usually accomplished by inhibiting polyamine biosynthesis, we reasoned that this might be more effectively achieved by activation of polyamine catabolism at the level of spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT); a strategy first validated in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. We now examine the possibility that, due to unique aspects of polyamine homeostasis in the prostate gland, tumor cells derived from it may be particularly sensitive to activated polyamine catabolism. Thus, SSAT was conditional

Analysis of Spermine Oxidase gene and proinflammatory cytokines expression in gastric cancer patients with and without Helicobacter pylori infection - A pilot study in Polish population.

PURPOSE: Many types of cancer have infectious origins. Gastric cancer patients can demonstrate high seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of SMOX gene in the group of Polish patients with gastric cancer. SMOX is believed to promote H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis via inflammation, DNA damage and activation of β-catenin signaling. We also assessed the mRNA expression of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e. IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin. MATERIALS/METHODS: The study material consisted of g

Proteomic Profiling of Optic Nerves From SMOX-Deficient Mice Identifies Regulators of Neuroinflammation and Axonal Damage in Optic Neuritis.

PURPOSE: Visual dysfunction due to optic neuritis (ON) is an early clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). ON is characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve, demyelination, axonal damage, and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. Previously, we showed that spermine oxidase (SMOX), a polyamine catabolizing enzyme, modulates visual function in an experimental model of ON. Using proteomic analysis, the present study aimed to identify SMOX-regulated molecular pathways involved in ON-associated visual dysfunction. METHODS: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in

Corynebacterium tapiri sp. nov. and Corynebacterium nasicanis sp. nov., isolated from a tapir and a dog, respectively.

Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial isolates, strain 2385/12T and strain 2673/12T were isolated from a tapir and a dog's nose, respectively. The two strains were rod to coccoid-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity identified Corynebacterium singulare CCUG 37330T (96.3% similarity) as the nearest relative of strain 2385/12T and suggested the isolate represented a novel species. Corynebacterium humireducens DSM 45392T (98.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) was identified as the nearest relative of strain 2673/12T. Results from DNA-DNA hyb

Potassium-Hydroxide-Based Extraction of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotides from Biological Samples Offers Accurate Assessment of Intracellular Redox Status.

The reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is a primary electron donor for both antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione reductase, and pro-oxidant enzymes, such as NADPH oxidases that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide synthases that generate nitric oxide which act as signaling molecules. Monitoring NADPH levels, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, and especially distinguishing from NADH, provides vital information about cellular redox status, energy generation, survival, lineage specification, and death pathway selection. NADPH detection is key to understandin

Photoelectrochemical sensor based on quantum dots and sarcosine oxidase.

In this study, a photobioelectrochemical sensor for the detection of sarcosine is reported. For this purpose, CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) modified electrodes are prepared and the oxygen-dependent photocurrent is evaluated under illumination. By using sarcosine oxidase (SOD), the photocurrent can be suppressed because of biocatalytic oxygen reduction. For the construction of a sensor, SOD is immobilised on the QDs by means of the polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). Multi-layer systems have been built up to six bilayers through electrostatic interactions. The assembly can be veri

Knockdown of Smox protects the integrity of the blood-brain barrier through antioxidant effect and Nrf2 pathway activation in stroke.

Once an ischemic stroke occurs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress degrade the tight connections between cerebral endothelial cells resulting in their damage. The expression of antioxidant genes may be enhanced, and ROS formation may be reduced following Nrf2 activation, which is associated with protection against ischemic stroke. Overexpression of spermine oxidase (Smox) in the neocortex led to increased H2O2 production. However, how Smox impacts the regulation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through antioxidants has not been examined yet. We conducted experiments both in the

Helicobacter pylori secretary Proteins-Induced oxidative stress and its role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Helicobacter pylori-associated stomach infection is a leading cause of gastric ulcer and related cancer. H. pylori modulates the functions of infiltrated immune cells to survive the killing by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) produced by these cells. Uncontrolled immune responses further produce excess ROS and RNS which lead to mucosal damage. The persistent oxidative stress is a major cause of gastric cancer. H. pylori regulates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs), nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), and polyamines to control ROS and RNS release t

Biomarkers of effect in toads and frogs.

Amphibians are good bioindicators of environmental pollution due to their susceptibility to chemicals during their freshwater cycles. The effects of environmental pollution, together with changes in human activity and climate, have contributed to the reduction in the amphibian population over recent decades. However, toxicological research on amphibians has been rather scarce compared with that on other vertebrates. In this article we review the biochemical alterations underlying xenobiotic action and/or the detoxifying responses described for anuran species, with the aim of establishing possi

Natural resistance to African trypanosomiasis.

Glossina infected with African trypanosomes infest 10(7) Km2 of intertropical Africa. Ten thousand cases of human sleeping sickness are officially recorded each year and 35 X 10(6) human beings are at risk. Animal trypanosomiasis impedes the use of 7 X 10(6) Km2 of land adequate for cattle raising and constitutes a major constraint to increasing protein production in Africa. Several approaches are used to combat trypanosomiasis (a) vector eradication has been successful in certain defined situations but cannot be realistically extended to the whole area at risk, (b) prophylactic drugs, which a

Extractionless method for the simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of urinary caffeine metabolites for N-acetyltransferase 2, cytochrome P450 1A2 and xanthine oxidase activity assessment.

Urinary metabolic ratios of caffeine are used in humans to assess the enzymatic activities of cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 1A2 (CYP1A2), xanthine oxidase (XO) and for phenotyping individuals for the bimodal N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), all of them involved in the activation or detoxification of various xenobiotic compounds. Most reported analytical procedures for the measurement of the urinary metabolites of caffeine include a liquid-liquid extraction of urine samples prior to their analysis by reversed-phase HPLC. At neutral to basic pH however, 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU)

Knockdown of Smox Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Neuronal Autophagy via the AKT/AMPK/mTOR Phosphorylation Pathway.

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, characterized by neuronal damage and complex cell death pathways. This study aimed to investigate the protective role of spermine oxidase (Smox) in ischemic stroke and its effect on neuronal autophagy. METHODS: We employed transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) models and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) experiments in HT22 cells to explore the protective effects of Smox knockdown against ischemic injury and to evaluate changes in autophagy. RESULTS: Smox levels were significantly elevated following s

The role of polyamine metabolism in remodeling immune responses and blocking therapy within the tumor immune microenvironment.

The study of metabolism provides important information for understanding the biological basis of cancer cells and the defects of cancer treatment. Disorders of polyamine metabolism is a common metabolic change in cancer. With the deepening of understanding of polyamine metabolism, including molecular functions and changes in cancer, polyamine metabolism as a new anti-cancer strategy has become the focus of attention. There are many kinds of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and transport inhibitors, but not many drugs have been put into clinical application. Recent evidence shows that polyamin

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… The aminopropyltransferase reaction to form spermidine and spermine is irreversible, but the interconversion of polyamines in cells can occur through the action of amine oxidase, which are mainly polyamine oxidase (PAOX) and spermine oxidase (SMOX) ( 77 ). … Inhibition of the respiratory burst of human neutrophils by the polyamine oxidase-polyamine system. Int J Immunopharmacol (1986) 8:411–7. doi: 10.1016/0192-0561(86)90125-6 59. Chamaillard L, Quemener V, Havouis R, Moulinoux JP. …

Нацеливание SMOX сохраняет оптический нерв Myelin, аксонская целостность и визуальные функции в мультиклерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое неврологическое состояние, затрагивающее молодых людей. Воспаление, обезвоживание и повреждение аксона являются ключевыми патологическими особенностями MS и его животной модели, экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита (EAE). Наша предыдущая работа показала, что ингибирование сперматозоидной оксиды (SMOX) MDL72527, селективный необратимый фармакологический ингибитор, значительно сокращенные клинические симптомы, потеря клеток сетчатки (RGC) и воспаление зрительного нерва в мышах EAE. В настоящем исследовании изучался более широкий терапевтически

Biochemical and Clinical Impact of Organic Uremic Retention Solutes: A Comprehensive Update.

In this narrative review, the biological/biochemical impact (toxicity) of a large array of known individual uremic retention solutes and groups of solutes is summarized. We classified these compounds along their physico-chemical characteristics as small water-soluble compounds or groups, protein bound compounds and middle molecules. All but one solute (glomerulopressin) affected at least one mechanism with the potential to contribute to the uremic syndrome. In general, several mechanisms were influenced for each individual solute or group of solutes, with some impacting up to 7 different biolo

Curcumin Rewires the Tumor Metabolic Landscape: Mechanisms and Clinical Prospects.

Metabolic reprogramming is a fundamental hallmark and a key driver of malignant tumors. By reshaping glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, as well as mitochondrial function, it sustains the abnormal proliferation and survival of tumor cells, making it a crucial target for anti-tumor therapy. Curcumin, a natural multi-target compound, exhibits unique advantages in intervening in tumor metabolic reprogramming due to its low toxicity and broad-spectrum regulatory properties. In various tumor models, it can directly modulate the activity of key glycolytic enzymes, such as hexokinase 2, lactat

Cuproptosis Inducers in Cancer Therapy: State of the Art and Challenges.

Cancer continues to be the primary cause of death despite significant progress in medicine, and finding effective therapies remains a challenge. New treatments are needed to minimize the harmful effects on the body and increase the selectivity of drugs. These therapies must also overcome cancer cell resistance and prevent metastasis. Metal-based drugs are becoming increasingly crucial for treating tumors, and copper ion-based systems and nanoparticles have been identified as having unique properties and anticancer potential. Given the key role exerted by Cu in the etiology, severity, and progr