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Behavior problems of residents with dementia in special care units.

The prevalence and correlates of behavior problems were assessed among 614 residents with dementia living in 70 special care units (SCUs) throughout the country. We assessed behavior problems at admission, using a comprehensive measure of behavior problems, the Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist-Nursing Home version. Overall, behavior problems were quite prevalent, with some problems reported for > 90% of the sample. Emotional distress was a frequent area of concern, second only to memory-related problems. Although the overall number of behavior problems was not associated with cognitive i

Behavioral assessment of feeding problems of individuals with severe disabilities.

As many as 80% of the individuals with severe or profound mental retardation exhibit feeding problems. Although behavioral interventions have been used to treat these problems, no assessment procedure for determining a functional relationship between a person's acceptance of food and the type and texture of that food has been reported. The purpose of this study was to test a behavioral assessment procedure for a feeding problem of limited intake. Five individuals with severe or profound mental retardation were fed 10 to 12 types of foods with one or more textures. Behavioral categories of acce

Attachment network, interparental conflict, and older siblings' behavior predicting toddler behavior problems.

Secure infant-father and infant-mother attachments are associated with fewer internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in childhood. The attachment network underscores relationships with both fathers and mothers to form four distinct configurations of attachment security (e.g., both secure, both insecure). This exploratory study had three aims: (a) to confirm the four classifications of the attachment network with fathers and mothers, (b) to examine whether longitudinal trajectories of toddler behavior problems differed as a function of the attachment network from 18 to 36 months, and

Biological, behavioral, and relational levels of resilience in the context of risk for early childhood behavior problems.

Longitudinal growth patterns of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems were examined in a community sample of 441 children across … predictive of externalizing and internalizing behaviors at age 5. In the prediction of the slope of problem behavior over time, risk status interacted with both temperamental fearlessness and a mutually responsive orientation with the mother to predict the decline in externalizing and internalizing problem behavior. Results underscore the complex interactions of r …

The association of early adolescent problem behavior and adult psychopathology: a multivariate behavioral genetic perspective.

Research has documented a strong association between early adolescent problem behavior and adult disinhibitory psychopathology, leading some to suggest that the latter can be reduced by preventing or delaying the former. But the prevention implications of this association necessarily depend upon the causal mechanisms that produce it. The current study was designed to test implications of a model that posits that early problem behavior and disinhibitory psychopathology are associated because they are both manifestations of a common inherited liability. At their age-17 assessment, 1080 twins fro…

Convergent validity of the aberrant behavior checklist and behavior problems inventory with people with complex needs.

The current study aimed to replicate and extend Rojahn et al. [Rojahn, J., Aman, M. G., Matson, J. L., & Mayville, E. (2003). The aberrant behavior checklist and the behavior problems inventory: Convergent and divergent validity. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 24, 391-404] by examining the convergent validity of the behavior problems inventory (BPI) and the aberrant behavior checklist (ABC) for individuals presenting with multiple complex behavior problems. Data were collected from 69 children and adults with severe intellectual disabilities and challenging behavior living in resident

Evaluation of emotional and behavioral problems in language impaired children using the Child Behavior Checklist.

Speech and language impaired children are at special risk for developing psychiatric disorders. Attention deficit, aggressive behaviour as well as overanxiety and excessive shyness have been reported in speech and language impaired children. The purpose of this study was to determine how the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) could be used as a screening instrument in language impaired children. In a sample of 83 language impaired children, emotional and behavioural problems were evaluated using the CBCL. Independent of this assessment, DSM-IV diagnoses were established for all children. Sixty-si

Effect of first-grade classroom environment on shy behavior, aggressive behavior, and concentration problems.

Investigates the effect of the first-grade classroom environment on the shy behavior, aggressive behavior, and concentration problems of 609 children in 19 East Baltimore public schools. First-grade classroom environment was assessed in terms of dominant pattern of classroom achievement and behavior. Structured teacher ratings assessed child shy behavior, aggressive behavior, and concentration problems at the end of first grade. Children in low-achieving classroom environments had significantly higher teacher ratings of shy behavior and aggressive behavior than children in mixed-achieving or h

Risk management in dialectical behavior therapy: Treating life-threatening behaviors as problems to be solved.

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an empirically supported behavioral treatment for individuals with borderline personality disorder who frequently exhibit life-threatening behavior, such as suicide attempts, nonsuicidal self-injury urges and actions, and suicidal ideation. We provide an overview of the theoretical framework by which DBT conceptualizes these life-threatening behaviors and the principles by which safety planning measures are implemented and maintained throughout treatment. The importance of orienting clients to treatment and obtaining their commitment to decrease life-threa

Impacts of autistic behaviors, emotional and behavioral problems on parenting stress in caregivers of children with autism.

This study examined the effects of autistic behaviors and individual emotional and behavioral problems on parenting stress in caregivers of children with autism. Caregivers were interviewed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale and completed the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Parenting Stress Index Short Form. Results revealed that caregivers of children with mild/moderate autistic behavior problems perceived lower parenting stress than did those of children with no or severe problems. In addition, prosocial behaviors and conduct problems respectively predicted stress in the

Какие поведенческие, эмоциональные и школьные проблемы в средней школе предсказывают раннее сексуальное поведение?

Считается, что проблемы с психическим здоровьем и корректировкой школ отличают раннее сексуальное поведение от нормативных сроков (см.16-18 ), но мало что известно о том, как ранние сексуальные отношения возникают из-за этих проблем среднего возраста. Существующие исследования не допускают сопутствующих проблем, различий в наступлении и стойкости, и нет никакой информации о корректировке средней школы в связи с ранними половыми отношениями. В этом исследовании изучалась связь между несколькими проблемами среднего возраста и ранним сексуальным поведением с использованием подвыборки (N = 4,739,

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… Developmental theories such as problem behavior theory (Jessor and Jessor 1975 ) suggest that early timing of sexual behavior is allied with the emergence of other adolescent risk behaviors, pointing to pathways to early sexual activity that are likely to differ from those found for normative sexual … Early pubertal timing is known to predict early sexual initiation (French and Dishion 2003 ) as well as being associated with other problem behavior (Halpern et al. 2007 ). …

Theory of Planned Behavior in School-Based Adolescent Problem Gambling Prevention: A Conceptual Framework.

Given its serious implications for psychological and socio-emotional health, the prevention of problem gambling among adolescents is increasingly acknowledged as an area requiring attention. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a well-established model of behavior change that has been studied in the development and evaluation of primary preventive interventions aimed at modifying cognitions and behavior. However, the utility of the TPB has yet to be explored as a framework for the development of adolescent problem gambling prevention initiatives. This paper first examines the existing empir

The Temporal Effects of Divorces and Separations on Children's Academic Achievement and Problem Behavior.

This paper provides an examination of the effects of the divorce and separation process on children's academic achievement over time. By using child fixed effects and establishing a baseline period that is 4-or-more years prior to a family disruption, I can examine how children are affected in different periods relative to the disruption and whether any negative effects subside, persist, or escalate as time passes from the disruption. With a sample of 7-14 year olds, I find: children are affected at least 2-4 years before the disruption; reading test scores are most affected; and for Reading C

[Bibliotherapy as a self-help program for parents of children with externalizing problem behavior].

OBJECTIVES: Externalizing problem behaviour is one of the most frequent and most stable behavioural disorders of childhood and adolescence. The development of applicable alternatives to expensive and restrictedly available treatments becomes increasingly necessary. This pilot study tested bibliotherapy in the form of a manual-assisted self-help programme under minimum contact conditions for parents of children with externalizing problem behaviour. METHOD: A total of 21 children, aged 6 to 15 years and diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and/or an Oppositional Defian

Chemodynamics: transport and behavior of chemicals in the environment--a problem in environmental health.

In the manufacture and use of the several thousand chemicals employed by technological societies, portions of these chemicals escape or are intentionally introduced into the environment. The behavior, fate, and to some extent the effects produced by these chemicals are a result of a complex interaction of the properties of the chemical with the various processes governing transport, degradation, sequestration, and uptake by organisms. In addition, such processes as adsorption, evaporation, partitioning, and degradation are influenced by ambient conditions of temperature, air movement, moisture

Disruptive Behavior Disorders and ADHD: A Problem-Based Learning Activity for Psychiatry Clerkship Students.

INTRODUCTION: Clinicians are challenged when differentiating the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from those of disruptive behavior disorders such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, as many of the core symptoms overlap. Without a correct diagnosis, it is difficult to create an effective treatment plan. This progressive disclosure case was developed with the intention of helping medical students learn the process of clinical evaluation. The purpose of this resource is to provide a lesson plan to teach intermediate/advanced learners how to systematically a

Further analysis of idiosyncratic antecedent influences during the assessment and treatment of problem behavior.

Recent research findings suggest that idiosyncratic variables can influence the outcomes of functional analyses (E. G. Carr, Yarbrough, & Langdon, 1997). In the present study, we examined idiosyncratic environment-behavior relations more precisely after identifying stimuli (i.e., a particular toy and social interaction) associated with increased levels of problem behavior. Two children, an 8-year-old boy with moderate mental retardation and a 5-year-old boy with no developmental delays, participated. Results of functional analyses for both children indicated that idiosyncratic antecedent stimu…

Self-esteem, problem solving, and sexual risk behavior among women with and without Chlamydia.

Self-esteem and problem-solving appraisal were evaluated as an explanation of sexual risk behavior for the sexually transmitted disease (STD), chlamydia. Chlamydia, the most prevalent bacterial STD in the United States, is linked to a variety of problems which affect women, their offspring, and their sex partners. Data were collected by two nurse practitioners during scheduled gynecology visits for 105 military women. There was a statistical association among women with chlamydia (chi 2 = 3.623, df = 1, p = .057) and trichomonas (chi 2 = 12.83, df = 1, p = < .001) and a friable cervix. With a

Associations Between Disruptive Behavior Problems, Parenting Factors, and Sleep Problems Among Young Children.

OBJECTIVE: To examine within an at-risk/clinical sample of preschool-aged children with externalizing problems: (1) which disruptive behavior and attention disorder symptoms (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositionality/aggression) and (2) what aspects of parenting (e.g., discipline practices or stress) are related to children's sleep problems (e.g., sleep habit and night waking problems). METHOD: The sample consisted of 148 children (meanage = 5.06 years, 82% male) with at-risk/clinically elevated levels of externalizing behavior problems and their primary caregiver. As