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Serological screening for tick-borne encephalitis virus in eight Norwegian herds of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is found in Ixodes ricinus ticks throughout the area where viable tick populations exist. In Norway, TB … the virus in high-altitude areas of inland regions in Norway. It has previously been indicated that reindeer may be an important sentinel species and indicator of the spread of ticks and TBEV in high-altitude regions. In this study, 408 semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) from eight herds, from Tana in Troms and Finnmark …

Pharmacokinetics of a long-acting subcutaneous eprinomectin injection in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) - A pilot study.

Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are exposed to the pathogenic parasitic nematode Elaphostrongylus rangiferi during grazing. The severity of disease is dose-dependent. Prophylactic anthelmintic treatment is needed to improve animal health and reindeer herding sustainability. Herds are traditionally only gathered once during the summer, requiring a drug with a persistent effect. In this study we investigated the suitability of long-acting eprinomectin, given as a single subcutaneous injection at 1 mg/kg bodyweight in adult reindeer and calves. Plasma and faeces concentrations were determin…

Fatal acute babesiosis associated with Babesia venatorum infection (Babesia sp. EU1) in a captive reindeer calf in Switzerland.

Babesia venatorum was isolated from a captive reindeer calf in Switzerland. The clinical signs consistent with acute babesiosis included hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria. The diagnosis was made based on visualization of intraerythrocytic parasites in the stained blood smears and confirmed by PCR analysis of the 18S rRNA gene, with subsequent species identification within Babesia confirmed by sequencing. The reindeer calf was initially treated with supportive care and an antiprotozoal drug (imidocarb dipropionate) but died a few days after hospitalization. Babesia venatorum is also known as …

Plasma magnesium, calcium and inorganic phosphorus in Norwegian semi-domestic female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) on winter pastures.

Altogether 1645 blood plasma samples were collected from 2 reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L) herds in northern Norway (Magerøy and Sørøy), and from 2 herds in southern Norway (Filefjell and Lom) during the period from 1992 through 1995. Except for 2 subsets of samples from Lom (N = 51 and 56) all samples were collected on winter pasture between January and early March. The herds were of varying nutritional status, the Lom herd being regarded to be among the best in the country in this regard. Plasma levels of magnesium, calcium and inorganic phosphorus were measured. In addition, plasma …

Factors affecting the effectiveness of captive-bolt stunning of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) at commercial slaughter in Sweden.

BACKGROUND: Slaughterhouses for all animals, including reindeer, must achieve the goal of high animal welfare. They must carry out regular checks on stunning effectiveness and key parameters to ensure that animals do not display any signs of consciousness, and display the expected signs of unconsciousness, in the period between stunning and death. The official control verifying this performance must be based on scientific evidence. Experience gained and scientific development are to be considered when control and regulations are developed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate penetrative …

Isolation of Neisseria ovis and a Colesiota conjunctivae-like organism from cases of kerato-conjunctivitis in reindeer in northern Norway.

Eye inflammation in reindeer seems to be a condition frequently observed in many reindeer herding areas. Bergmann (1912) reported outbreaks of the condition in Scandinavia already at the beginning of this century, and it spread like a contagious disease. The aetiology seems to be complex, as Bergmann found many different kinds of bacteria in his material. In a recent publication, Rehbinder (1970) reported the occurrence of larvae of the reindeer nostril fly (Cephenomyia trompe) in affected eyes. In Norway, eye inflammation in reindeer has also been observed, although outbreaks of the disease s…

Integrating microsatellite data via locus-specific mode-shift harmonisation reveals circumpolar population structure in reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus).

Reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus) occupy a vast northern range spanning Eurasia and North America, where understanding population structure is essential for conservation and management. However, comparative analyses across this circumpolar distribution are hindered by systematic allele-size offsets introduced by differences in genotyping platforms, laboratory protocols, and allele-calling procedures. Here, we applied a locus-specific mode-shift harmonisation procedure to integrate legacy microsatellite datasets from Alaska, Canada, and Russia. The final harmonised dataset included 1544 …

Dietary supplementation of usnic acid, an antimicrobial compound in lichens, does not affect rumen bacterial diversity or density in reindeer.

Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) may include large proportions of lichens in their winter diet. These dietary lichens are rich in phenolic secondary compounds, the most well-known being the antimicrobial usnic acid. Previous studies have shown that reindeer host rumen bacteria resistant to usnic acid and that usnic acid is quickly detoxified in their rumen. In the present study, reindeer (n = 3) were sampled before, during, and after usnic acid supplementation to determine the effect on their rumen microbial ecology. Ad libitum intake of usnic acid averaged up to 278 mg/kg body mass. Popu…

Diagnosis and treatment of Babesia odocoilei in captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and recognition of three novel host species.

Two captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) at a New York zoological institution were diagnosed with Babesia odocoilei. Clinical signs consistent with acute babesiosis included fever, hemoglobinuria, and hemolytic anemia. Both episodes were precipitated by stressful events that may have compromised their immunocompetence. The diagnosis was confirmed by visualization of intraerythrocytic parasites on stained blood smears, polymerase chain reaction, and speciation of the Babesia by sequencing a hypervariable region of the 18S rRNA gene. One reindeer died with gross and histopathologic lesi…

First report of a parapoxvirus red deer infection in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus): clinical presentation and full-genome characterization.

In September 2023, five semi-domesticated reindeer calves (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) from Norrbotten County, Sweden, displayed clinical signs resembling contagious ecthyma. Samples were collected from the lesion sites, including the skin of the muzzle, eyelids, and oral mucosa. The samples were analysed via real-time PCR (qPCR) for parapoxviruses (PPV) and cervidpoxviruses (CvPV). Both viruses were detected in samples from several calves. Full genome sequencing of the PPV strain 23-MIK191411 revealed close similarity to the parapoxvirus red deer (RDPV) strain HL953 from a red deer (Cervus el…

RABIES IN ARCTIC FOX (VULPES LAGOPUS) AND REINDEER (RANGIFER TARANDUS PLATYRHYNCHUS) DURING AN OUTBREAK ON SVALBARD, NORWAY, 2011-12.

Rabies is an important zoonotic disease with high fatality rates in animals and humans. In the Arctic, the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is regarded as the principal reservoir, but there is considerable debate about how the disease persists at the low population densities that are typical for this species. We describe an outbreak of rabies among Arctic foxes and Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) during 2011-12 on the remote Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, an area with a very low and relatively stable Arctic fox density. The aim of the research was to increase knowledge of Arcti…

Spiculopteragia boehmi is the dominant abomasal nematode species in reindeer (Nordland County, Norway) sharing pasture with wild and domesticated ruminants.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal parasites, especially those in the abomasum, are considered important production-limiting parasites of ruminants. Reindeer harbour many species of gastrointestinal parasites, and Ostertagia gruehneri, considered their dominant abomasal parasite, has been relatively extensively studied. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, species composition, and burdens of gastrointestinal parasites in a relatively southern flock of semi-domesticated reindeer in Duokta, Norway. In Duokta, a lower number of reindeer than domestic sheep share pastures, alongside an increasing …

Two missense mutations in melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) are strongly associated with dark ventral coat color in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus).

The protein-coding region of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) was sequenced to identify potential variation affecting coat color in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). A T→C sequence variation at nucleotide position 218 (c.218T>C) causing an amino acid (aa) change from methionine to threonine at aa position 73 (p.Met73Thr) was identified. In addition, a T→G sequence variation was found at nucleotide position 839 (c.839T>G), causing phenylalanine to be exchanged by cysteine at aa position 280 (p.Phe280Cys). The two sequence variants (c.218C and c.839G) were found to be closely associated with a darker …

Ribosomal RNA analysis of Babesia odocoilei isolates from farmed reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) in Wisconsin.

Piroplasms isolated from a farmed reindeer and elk in Wisconsin were determined to be Babesia odocoilei, based on morphology and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) analysis. Different clinical manifestations were observed in the two host species. The reindeer was parasitemic and exhibited acute babesiosis resulting in death, while the elk showed no parasites in blood smears and no overt clinical signs of babesiosis. B. odocoilei was, however, readily cultured from elk erythrocytes. Small subunit rRNA gene sequences from the two isolates were identical to that previously reported for B. odocoilei. Internal t…

An epizootic of besnoitiosis in captive caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus).

Besnoitia sp. was diagnosed in two caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) which died of pneumonia at the Assiniboine Park Zoo (Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada) in 1983. During the following 3 yr besnoitiosis spread to an isolated herd of caribou, to mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and to reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). Reduction of exposure to biting insects appears to have reduced the transmission of besnoitiosis within the reindeer herd. The morbidity rate was approximately 82% in caribou and 67% in mule deer over the age of 2 mo. Most animals with clinical signs were euthanized; thi…

Prevalence and density of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi larvae in faecal samples of semi-domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Norway 2013-16.

BACKGROUND: The reindeer brainworm, Elaphostrongylus rangiferi, is a protostrongylid parasite of reindeer that has caused severe disease outbreaks in reindeer husbandry. E. rangiferi is considered ubiquitous in Norway, though most published prevalence studies are from Finnmark county only. In the present study, faecal samples were collected over three winter seasons (2013-2016) from eight herds of semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) distributed all over the reindeer herding area in Norway. Baermann's technique was used to identify E. rangiferi larvae. The de…

Recombinant prion protein vaccination of transgenic elk PrP mice and reindeer overcomes self-tolerance and protects mice against chronic wasting disease.

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects cervids in North America and now Europe. No effective measur … estern blotting, real-time quaking-induced conversion, and immunohistochemistry. Our pilot study in reindeer indicated appreciable humoral immune responses to Mdi and Ddi immunogens, and the post-immune sera from the Ddi-vaccinated reindeer mitigated CWD propagation in a cell culture model (CWD-RK13). Taken together, our study provides very promising vacci …

Последствия абортов, связанных с < < Коксиеллой > > , на лесных оленях Финляндии в рамках зоопарка для здоровья населения представляются незначительными последствием стратегий смягчения последствий.

Coxiella signetii — бактериум, который может заразить многих видов животных, а также людей. В ходе этого исследования было проведено исследование по вопросу о передаче C. signetii во время вспышки абортов в стаде финских лесных оленей (Rangifer tarandus fennicus) в голландском зоопарке. Диагностический отбор показал, что во всех случаях аборта (4/4) и в одном животном после нормальной части тела обнаружено положительное антигенное обнаружение C. sergetii с помощью qPCR из вагинальных мазков и положительной C. serology (ELISA). Плацентная ткань (n = 2) и ткани печени плода (n = 1), извлеченные

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Coxiella burnetii is a Gram-negative, ubiquitous bacterium that may infect many animal species as well as humans. In this study, transmission of C. burnetii during an outbreak of abortions in a herd of Finnish forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus) in a Dutch zoo was investigated. Diagnostic sampling showed positive C. burnetii antigen detection with q…