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Additional observations on the sporozoite transmission of Plasmodium knowlesi to monkeys.

Saimiri boliviensis monkeys were infected by the intravenous injection of 50 sporozoites of the H strain of Plasmodium knowlesi dissected from the salivary glands of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes; prepatent periods were 11, 12, 13, 13, 13, and 16 days. Sporozoites of P. knowlesi stored frozen for 7 days, 53 days, 20 mo, 7 yr and 7 mo, and 11 yr and 5 mo induced infections in Macaca mulatta monkeys with prepatent periods of 7, 6, 8, 10, and 7 days, respectively. After frozen storage for 11 yr and 5 mo, infections were induced in S. boliviensis with prepatent periods of 10-13 days.

Subspecies differences in curiosity and general activity for developing squirrel monkeys.

Curiosity and general activity characteristics in different squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) phenotypes were assessed. Ten infant squirrel monkeys, representing 2 subspecies (Bolivian and Colombian) and both genders, were observed on 4 testing sessions during which novel and familiar objects were presented to each subject. No consistent object-contact differences were found between subspecies or genders, but significant subspecies differences were found for the amount of time during each trial that the subjects climbed, remained stationary, vocalized, and showed abnormal behaviors. Familiar …

Неотропическая приматная питомница в размножении белок-обезьян в Бразилии.

Saimiri () — неотропический примат рода Симиан, образованный в неволе для проведения исследований в области здоровья человека и животных. Они широко используются в исследованиях в области офтальмологии, токсикологии, фармакологии, психиатрии, нейрофизики, вакцин и тестов на наркотики (таких, как малярия и агенты кори), а также оказывают влияние на интерактивное поведение и когницию болезни Креуцфельда-Якоба у человека. Основная задача научно-исследовательских центров нечеловеческого примата (НИП) заключается в создании самоподдерживающихся селекционных колоний, обеспечивающих хорошее качество …

Vitamin C deficiency in captive nonhuman primates fed commercial primate diet.

Scurvy was diagnosed in 19 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and four squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) from a colony of nonhuman primates maintained on a commercial diet. Signs of weakness, reluctance to move, gingival hemorrhage, bruising, proximal and distal metaphyseal fractures, weight loss and anemia appeared in juvenile and young adult rhesus monkeys over a 2 week period. Clinical signs subsided after 5 days of vitamin C therapy. At the same time, cephalohematomas and weakness developed in squirrel monkeys, which failed to respond to treatment. These cases were associated with manufactu…

Interactions between glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine and histamine in the periaqueductal gray's control of vocalization in the squirrel monkey.

In the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), vocalization was elicited by periaqueductal injections of the glutamate agonist homocysteic acid, the acetylcholine agonist carbachol, the GABA antagonist bicuculline and the monoaminergic transmitter histamine. All chemically induced vocalizations could be blocked completely by prior periaqueductal injections of the non-specific glutamate antagonist kynurenic acid and the GABA agonist muscimol. The acetylcholine antagonist scopolamine and the histamine antagonist diphenhydramine, in contrast, blocked their respective transmitter agonists' vocalizatio…

Editing the Plasmodium vivax genome, using zinc-finger nucleases.

Plasmodium vivax is a major cause of malaria morbidity worldwide yet has remained genetically intractable. To stably modify this organism, we used zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), which take advantage of homology-directed DNA repair mechanisms at the site of nuclease action. Using ZFNs specific to the gene encoding P. vivax dihydrofolate reductase (pvdhfr), we transfected blood specimens from Saimiri boliviensis monkeys infected with the pyrimethamine (Pyr)-susceptible Chesson strain with a ZFN plasmid carrying a Pyr-resistant mutant pvdhfr sequence. We obtained Pyr-resistant parasites in vivo th…

Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie to nonhuman primates.

Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of humans and scrapie disease of sheep and goats were transmitted to squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) that were exposed to the infectious agents only by their nonforced consumption of known infectious tissues. The asymptomatic incubation period in the one monkey exposed to the virus of kuru was 36 months; that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was 23 and 27 months, respectively; and that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of scrapie was 25 and 32 months, respectively. Careful physical examination of the buccal caviti…

Common input of the cranial motor nuclei involved in phonation in squirrel monkey.

Our aim was to locate brain regions projecting to all cranial motor nuclei involved in phonation simultaneously, that is, the ambiguus, trigeminal motor, facial, and hypoglossal nuclei. For this purpose, four squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were injected with horseradish peroxidase, each of the four nuclei in a different animal. Those regions retrogradely labeled in all four cases then were injected in another 29 animals with [3H]leucine for anterograde tracing. We found that the only region connected directly with all phonatory motor nuclei is a restricted portion of the pontine and medul…

Epithelial tumours induced by a herpesvirus oncogene in transgenic mice.

To investigate the role of herpesviral genes in tumourigenesis, transgenic mice were generated expressing STP-C, a transformation associated protein of the lymphoma inducing herpesvirus saimiri. Epithelial tumours developed in the salivary gland, pancreas, thymus and liver of transgenic mice within the first weeks of life. Thus, the target cells for tumour formation in the transgenic mice were surprisingly different from those of the herpesvirus from which the oncogene was derived. Our results identify STP-C as a herpesvirus oncogene sufficient for tumour induction without the cooperation of o…

Concurrent Assessment of the Antinociceptive and Behaviorally Disruptive Effects of Opioids in Squirrel Monkeys.

UNLABELLED: Although the clinical application of opioids for pain management is often hindered by undesired behavioral impairment, preclinical assays of antinociception typically do not provide information regarding the behaviorally disruptive effects of opioids that may accompany their antinociceptive effects. To address this, we modified a warm water tail withdrawal procedure to determine concurrently the effects of opioids on tail withdrawal latency (antinociception) and indices of food-maintained operant behavior (rates of responding and reinforcement density) in squirrel monkeys. Six opio

Craniorachischisis in a squirrel monkey.

A stillborn squirrel monkey had craniorachischisis. The calvarium was absent and the skin and vertebral neural arches were cleft from the foramen magnum to the midlumbar region. Cranial nerves and degenerating neural tissue were attached to the cranial base and there were remnants of spinal cord in skin-covered areas of the spinal canal. The adrenal glands were normal. This is the only reported case of craniorachischisis in a monkey fetus.

Small-molecule polymerase inhibitor protects non-human primates from measles and reduces shedding.

Measles virus (MeV) is a highly contagious pathogen that enters the human host via the respiratory route. Besides acute pathologies includin … able small-molecule polymerase inhibitor, ERDRP-0519, prevents measles disease in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Treatment initiation at the onset of clinical signs reduced virus shedding, which may support outbreak control. Results show that this clinical candidate has the potential to alleviate clinical measles and augment measles virus eradicatio …

Mutations of CD40 ligand in two patients with hyper-IgM syndrome.

Two patients with the X-linked form of the hyper-IgM syndrome have been studied. Both patients present: 1. Mutations in the CD40L gene (a no … IgM syndrome phenotype. Finally, a hyper-IgM stable phenotype has been immortalized by Herpes virus Saimiri for the first time.

Герпесвильский белок нацелен на то, чтобы клеточный WD повторял эндозомный белок, чтобы понизить регулирование T лимфоцитного выражения рецептора.

Герпесвирус саимири Тип ассоциируется с Lk и сбивает с толку сигнал трансдукцию. Здесь мы показываем, что Tip является объектом лизосомного белка p80, который состоит из N-терминалового WD и C-терминалового котлоагрегата. Взаимодействие Tip с p80 облегчило создание лизосомной везы и последующее вовлечение Lk в лизосомы для разложения. Следовательно, взаимодействие Tip с Lk и p80 приводит к снижению регулирования T рецептора клеток (TCR) и выражений поверхности CD4. Удивительно, но эти действия Tip функционально и генетически отделимы: взаимодействие N-терминалов p80 отвечает за регулирование с

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Herpesvirus saimiri Tip associates with Lck and downregulates Lck signal transduction. Here we demonstrate that Tip targets a lysosomal protein p80, which consists of an N-terminal WD repeat domain and a C-terminal coiled-coil domain. Interaction of Tip with p80 facilitated lysosomal vesicle formation and subsequent recruitment of Lck into the lysosomes for …

Olfactory communication among Costa Rican squirrel monkeys: a field study.

Behaviors with a possible role in olfactory communication among troop members were investigated as part of a field study on the reproductive and foraging ecology of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedi) in Costa Rica. All age classes engaged in the olfaction-related behaviors. Apart from olfactory investigation of female genitals by males during the mating season, no other potential olfaction-related behavior (urine wash, branch investigation, rump, chest, back rub and sneeze) exceeded 1% of mean behavioral samples. Assessment of reproduction condition appears to be the primary function of such …

Nervus terminalis, olfactory nerve, and optic nerve representation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in primates.

The luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) system was examined immunocytochemically in olfactory bulbs of adult monkeys, including two New World species (squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus and owl monkey, Aotus trivirgatus) and one Old World species (cynomolgus macaque, Macaca fasciculata), and in the brain and nasal region of a fetal rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta. LHRH neurons and fibers were found sparsely distributed in the olfactory bulbs in all adult monkeys. There was more LHRH in the accessory olfactory bulb (which is absent in Old World monkeys). In the fetal macaque there was a r…

Sp140L - это фактор ограничения герпесвируса.

UNLABELLED: Герпесвирусы, включая вирус Эпштейн-Барр (EBV) - человеческий онкогенный вирус и важнейший пусковой механизм множественного склероза, должны обходить механизмы ДНК-диагностики для установления скрытых инфекций на протяжении всей жизни. Поэтому герпесвирусы кодируют вирусные белки, чтобы разрушить ключевые факторы, связанные с зондированием ДНК и вирусным ограничением. Первый вирусный белок латентности, выраженный EBNA-LP, крайне важен для преобразования наивных клеток B и установления вирусного генного экспрессии, однако его роль в уклонении от защиты хостов остается неясной. Испол

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
UNLABELLED: Herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) - a human oncogenic viruses and essential trigger of multiple sclerosis, must … cellular proliferation. Notably, we also identify Sp140L as a restriction target of the herpesvirus saimiri ORF3 protein, implying a role for Sp140L in immunity to other diverse DNA viruses. This study reveals Sp140L as a restriction factor that we propose links sensing and transcriptional suppression of viral DNA to an IFN-independent innate immune respo …

Life history, enamel formation, and linear enamel hypoplasia in the Ceboidea.

Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), a developmental defect of enamel, increases in frequency from prosimian to monkey to lesser ape to great ape … 3 genera (n = 1,276), E.A.N. found that LEH frequencies ranged from 0% in Callicebus, Cebuella, and Saimiri to 20% in Cebus. D.G.-S. found similar frequencies among five genera (n = 107), from 0% in Saimiri to 32% in Cebus. Thus, the broad pattern of LEH distribution evident across major taxonomic groups of primates is repeated within the Ceboidea. We als …

Motion sickness-induced food aversions in the squirrel monkey.

Conditioned aversions to colored, flavored water were established in Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) by following consumption with 90 min of simultaneous rotational and vertical stimulation. The experimental group (N = 13) drank significantly less of the green, almond-flavored test solution than did the control group (N = 14) during three post-treatment preference testing days. Individual differences were noted in that two experimental monkeys readily drank the test solution after rotational stimulation. Only two of the experimental monkeys showed emesis during rotation, yet 10 monkeys in …

Colitis cystica profunda in rhesus monkeys.

Spontaneously occurring colitis cystica profunda, characterized by the presence of non-neoplastic glands and mucin-containing cysts in the submucosa of the large intestine, was observed post mortem in 4 of 28 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) but in none of 20 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciuresu) necropsied during the same period of time. An analogous lesion in the stomach was present in 2 of the monkeys with the colonic condition. The submucosal glands and cysts resulted from extension of the mucosa through the muscularis mucosae, and inflammation was considered to have played a primary role in …