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Physical growth and current health status of infants who were of extremely low birth weight and controls at adolescence.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the physical growth, current health status, and utilization of health care resources by extremely low birth weight (E … 1%), learning disabilities (34% vs 10%), and hyperactivity (9% vs 2%) and used more specialists and community resources than did control participants. CONCLUSIONS: Although physical growth continues to be compromised and substantial morbidity remains among ELBW survivors at adolescence, there seems to be some catch-up growth, a reduction in the prevalence of acute h …

Effect of physical mobility, decision making and economic empowerment on gender-based violence among married youth in India-SAWERA project.

BACKGROUND: Preventing and responding to gender-based violence (GBV) is both a human rights imperative and a multifaceted economic issue. GBV can also act as a barrier to economic empowerment. The aim of the study was to examine the association between women's empowerment (physical mobility, decision making and economic resources) and GBV among married youth in India. METHODS: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among married youth in the age group of 15-24 years, in two selected districts of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, India. The data was collected from 578 youth. Pre-valida

Effectiveness of Sample Pooling Strategies for SARS-CoV-2 Mass Screening by RT-PCR: A Scoping Review.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has hugely impacted the economy of many countries, and there is an acute shortage of diagnostic resources. With the exponential increase in the number of cases and necessity to screen large number of people, there is a steep increase in the demand for diagnostic kits. Pooled-sample testing is a promising strategy to screen a large population rapidly with limited resources. The aim of this work was to compile a cohesive literature review of the effectiveness and accuracy of pooled-sample testing in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and critically analyze its limitations.

The organisational and human resource challenges facing primary care trusts: protocol of a multiple case study.

BACKGROUND: The study is designed to assess the organisational and human resource challenges faced by Primary Care Trusts (PCTs). Its objectives are to: specify the organisational and human resources challenges faced by PCTs in fulfilling the roles envisaged in government and local policy; examine how PCTs are addressing these challenges, in particular, to describe the organisational forms they have adopted, and the OD/HR strategies and initiatives they have planned or in place; assess how effective these structures, strategies and initiatives have been in enabling the PCTs to meet the organis

Assessing community awareness, perceptions, ownership, and challenges of stunting reduction programs in Rwanda: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Stunting affects 33% of Rwandan children under five despite multiple government interventions. Community engagement critically influences intervention sustainability, yet varying levels of awareness, perception, and ownership persist across districts. This study assessed community awareness, perceptions, and ownership of eight major stunting reduction programs in Rwanda, and identified challenges affecting their success. METHODS: A qualitative assessment design was employed across ten randomly selected districts where stunting reduction programs had been implemented for 5–15 years.

Critical factors influencing the establishment, maintenance and sustainability of population-based cancer control programs.

Developing and maintaining a comprehensive cancer control program are two distinct entities. Key issues related to building and sustaining cancer control programs include how to integrate initiatives and efforts across multiple constituencies addressing components of the implementation of cancer control and non-communicable disease programs, the processes used in different resource settings to achieve effective drug budgeting, health technology assessment and health economics, and how countries can support public and societal engagement. There are promising examples in both resource-rich and r

Biological diversity, dietary diversity, and eye health in developing country populations: establishing the evidence-base.

Human and ecosystem health converge around biological diversity issues. Cultivated and wild plants as food and medicine make essential contributions to human health, which in turn provides rationales for conservation. While wild and cultivated plant diversity reasonably facilitates dietary diversity and positive health outcomes, the challenges of demonstrating this relationship limit its impact in concept, policy, and practice. We present a rationale for testing the dietary contribution of biological diversity to improved eye health as a case study based on existing phytochemical, pharmacologi

Parent-mediated intervention training for caregivers of children with developmental differences in Zambia.

BACKGROUND: Lower- and middle-income countries (LAMICs) are under-resourced and have limited intervention services for children with developmental differences and their families. A logical method to address service gaps within resource-scarce contexts is to train caregivers as interventionists, specifically using empirically-supported parent-mediated Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (P-M NDBIs; Kasari et al., 2010; Ingersoll & Wainer, 2013). AIMS: The study implemented the first P-M NDBI in Zambia and aimed to train caregivers and improve children's social-communication ski

Interspecific competition in phytoplankton drives the availability of essential mineral and biochemical nutrients.

The underlying mechanisms and consequences of competition and diversity are central themes in ecology. A higher diversity of primary, producers often results in higher resource use efficiency in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This may result in more food for consumers on one hand, while, on the other hand, it can also result in a decreased food quality for consumers; higher biomass combined with the same availability of the limiting compound directly reduces the dietary proportion of the limiting compound. Here we tested whether and how interspecific competition in phytoplankton communiti

Mass-casualty victim "surge" management. Preparing for bombings and blast-related injuries with possibility of hazardous materials exposure.

Bombings and other blast-related events place severe demands on pre-hospital and in-hospital systems. The resulting surge of victims can overwhelm the resources of any facility not prepared for such an event. The September 11 terrorist attacks underscore the urgency of our need for preparedness. The challenges become even more daunting when there is possible hazmat exposure as well; this means that adequate and rapid disposition of victims is even more critical in order to avoid contamination of hospitals systems or whole communities. Federal agencies have been designated and federal mandates

Enhancing leisure participation in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: A co-design study.

Study design: Co-design study.Objectives: To develop proposals for intervention components to support leisure participation during and after … leisure participation after SCI through structured support, peer involvement, and improved links to community resources. Further research is needed to evaluate feasibility and implementation.

Microbial community structure and antibiotic resistance genes in Dinaric karst groundwater under contrasting hydrological conditions.

Karst aquifers are vulnerable drinking water resources, yet microbiome-resistome studies remain scarce. We investigated microbial community composition and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles in five karst groundwater sources along an anthropogenic gradient in coastal Croatia under contrasting hydrological conditions. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that hydrological conditions were associated with community composition. Distance-based redundancy analysis identified total organic carbon as the variable associated with community structure, while ammonium and Escherichia coli were asso

Parents' challenges in identifying offending snakes during paediatric snakebites in Sri Lanka: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES: Accurate identification of the offending snake can support clinical decision-making in snakebite management, particularly in settings without venom detection facilities. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted among parents of children admitted with suspected or confirmed snakebites to three high-incidence hospitals in Sri Lanka. From August 2024 to July 2025, 64 in-depth interviews were carried out. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated, and analysed thematically using Braun and Clarke's six-phase approach. RESULTS: Parents described consider

Health information priorities and recommendations: findings from community listening sessions with women of refugee background from Myanmar in Western Australia.

PURPOSE: Targeted evidence is needed to inform health promotion initiatives amongst growing Myanmar diaspora communities in Australia and globally. This study aimed to report on health information priorities and recommendations identified by women of refugee background from Myanmar settled in Western Australia and their female community leaders. METHODS: Guided by participatory action research principles, four community listening sessions were conducted with 39 women of refugee background from Myanmar and community leaders in February and March 2024. Women were from Karen and Chin cultural gr

Experiences of persons with spinal cord injury, their family members, and health care providers during transitions in care in Alberta: a qualitative reflexive thematic analysis.

PURPOSE: People with Spinal cord injuries (SCI) experience multiple transitions during their healthcare journey. This qualitative study aims to understand experiences of people with SCI, and perceptions from family members, and some healthcare providers on the transitions through the healthcare system in Alberta, Canada. METHODS: Using purposive sampling, 49 participants were interviewed, including 22 people with SCI and 27 stakeholders, including family members and providers, a community-based participatory research study was conducted. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic inductive c

Associations between interpersonal and community-level violence experiences and HIV outcomes: implications for violence screening in Ryan White Clinics.

Violence experience, interpersonal and community-level, is commonly reported by people living with HIV (PLWH). Understanding the impact of the various forms of violence on HIV outcomes is critical for prioritizing violence screening and support resources in care settings. From February 2021 to December 2022, among 285 PLWH purposively sampled to attain diversity by gender, race/ethnicity, and HIV care retention status in Atlanta, Georgia, we examined interpersonal and community violence experiences and proxy measures of violence (post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression) and

Unbalanced predatory communities and a lack of microbial degraders characterize the microbiota of a highly sewage-polluted Eastern-Mediterranean stream.

Wastewater pollution of water resources takes a heavy toll on humans and on the environment. In highly polluted water bodies, self-purification is impaired, as the capacity of the riverine microbes to regenerate the ecosystem is overwhelmed. To date, information on the composition, dynamics and functions of the microbial communities in highly sewage-impacted rivers is limited, in particular in arid and semi-arid environments. In this year-long study of the highly sewage-impacted Al-Nar/Kidron stream in the Barr al-Khalil/Judean Desert east of Jerusalem, we show, using 16S and 18S rRNA gene-bas

Comparing Activity and Participation between Acquired Brain Injury and Spinal-Cord Injury in Community-Dwelling People with Severe Disability Using WHODAS 2.0.

Central-nervous-system (CNS) injuries constitute a significant cause of morbidity (often resulting in long-term disability) and mortality. This cross-sectional study compared the activity and participation of community-dwelling people with severe disability from acquired brain injuries (ABI) (n = 322) and spinal-cord injuries (SCI) (n = 183) to identify risk factors related to disability. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of community-dwelling people with severe disability attending 65 healthcare centers. The survey included the World Health Organization Disability Assessment

Optimizing Pandemic Preparedness and Response Through Health Information Systems: Lessons Learned From Ebola to COVID-19.

Strengthening health systems and maintaining essential service delivery during health emergencies response is critical for early detection and diagnosis, prompt treatment, and effective control of pandemics, including the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Health information systems (HIS) developed during recent Ebola outbreaks in West Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) provided opportunities to collect, analyze, and distribute data to inform both day-to-day and long-term policy decisions on outbreak preparedness. As COVID-19 continues to sweep across the globe, HIS

Уроки, извлеченные из эпидемии Эболы в Западной Африке: систематический обзор приоритетов в области эпидемиологических и социальных и поведенческих научных исследований.

В этом систематическом обзоре литературы сопоставляются эпидемиологические исследования (ЭПИ) и качественные исследования в области социальных и поведенческих наук, опубликованные во время эпидемии вируса Эбола в Западной Африке. Начиная с первоначального учета более чем 2000 статей, мы извлекли 236 исследований EPI и 171 исследования SBS для изучения того, как дисциплинарные приоритеты влияют на исследования, проведенные в ходе реагирования EVD, что имеет последствия для эффективности реагирования на эпидемию. Опираясь на результаты этого исследования, мы разработали < < дорожную карту

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
This systematic literature review compared the epidemiological (EPI) research and the qualitative social and behavioral science (SBS) resear … mposite sociocultural indexes for rapid deployment in outbreaks; (4) integrating novel systems with community resources; (5) developing new techniques for modeling social mobilization and community engagement; (6) prioritizing good data and complex analyses early in emergencies; and (7) learning from past experiences. Our findings support a program of action that sit …