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Application of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the study of Cryptococcus and cryptococcosis.

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a nondestructive technique that identifies chemicals in solution and in living cells. It has been used in cryptococcal research to identify the primary structure of capsular glucuronoxylomannans, link cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS) genes to positioning of residues on the mannose backbone of glucuronoxylomannan, and verify that the cryptococcal virulence determinant, phospholipase B, is elaborated in vivo. Promising clinical applications include speciation (Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii), with preliminary evidence that

Pulmonary cryptococcosis: comparison of clinical and radiographic characteristics in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: We compared the clinical characteristics and imaging findings between immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients in whom pulmonary cryptococcosis had been diagnosed to define the role of serum cryptococcal antigen (sCRAG) and radiographs during a follow-up period of up to 1 year. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: The clinical records, chest radiographs, and CT scan findings of 13 immunocompetent and 16 immunocompromised patients with a diagnosis based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, sCRAG titers, and cytologic or histolog…

A case of necrotizing glomerulonephritis presenting with nephrotic syndrome associated with pulmonary cryptococcosis.

We describe a 68-year-old man with necrotizing glomerulonephritis who presented with nephrotic syndrome accompanied by pulmonary cryptococcosis. He developed rheumatoid arthritis in July 1999 and was treated with low-dose prednisolone. He was admitted to our hospital on November 22 following the appearance of bilateral leg edema in October 2000. Laboratory tests at presentation revealed nephrotic syndrome with renal impairment. Renal biopsy specimens revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescent, but immunofluorescence study showed lack of staining for immunoglobulins or complement com…

Simultaneous chronic pulmonary paracoccidiodomycosis and disseminated cryptococcosis in a non-HIV patient.

An unusual case of chronic pulmonary paracoccidiodomycosis and disseminated cryptococcosis in a non-HIV infected patient is reported in a 72-year-old previously healthy man. A chest radiograph disclosed a bilateral diffused interstitial infiltrate involving middle and lower lung fields. Specimen samples taken from the tracheal tube revealed yeast-like organisms suggestive of Cryptococcus neoformans and Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture was positive for C. neoformans and the immunodiffusion test against paracoccidiodin revealed a precipitation band. The patient…

Disseminated cryptococcosis in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient: a case report.

Cryptococcus neoformans is a widely distributed saprophytic fungus that may cause opportunistic infections in normal and immunocompromised individuals particularly in patients with HIV infection. Disseminated infection in HIV-negative individuals is occasionally seen: a 57-year-old HIV-negative Turkish female initially presented with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes and a large pulmonary parenchymal nodule, eventually diagnosed with disseminated cryptococcosis and tuberculosis.

Role of extracellular phospholipases and mononuclear phagocytes in dissemination of cryptococcosis in a murine model.

Secreted phospholipase B (PLB) activity promotes the survival and replication of Cryptococcus neoformans in macrophages in vitro. We therefore investigated the role of mononuclear phagocytes and cryptococcal PLB in the dissemination of infection in a mouse model, using C. neoformans var. grubii wild-type strain H99, a PLB1 deletion mutant (Delta plb1), and a reconstituted strain (Delta plb1(rec)). PLB facilitated the entry of endotracheally administered cryptococci into lung IM. PLB was also required for lymphatic spread from the lung to regional lymph nodes and for entry into the blood. Langh

Disseminated cryptococcosis with pulmonary and marrow involvement mimicking radiological features of malignancy.

The most commonly involved sites of cryptococcosis are the lungs and the central nervous system. Cryptococcal osteomyelitis is a rare complication of disseminated cryptococcosis, and the vertebraes are the most common site of this infection. The most common underlying disease is sarcoidosis, followed by tuberculosis and previous steroid therapy. Conservative treatment alone or treatment with a combination of the medical and surgical curettage is successful in most cases. We report a case of cryptococcal osteomyelitis in a 63-year-old immunocompetent male who presented with lower back pain over…

Efficacy of recombinant gamma interferon for treatment of systemic cryptococcosis in SCID mice.

We have previously shown that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is a useful adjunct to therapy of experimental systemic cryptococcosis in normal mice. To better emulate AIDS patients, SCID mice were infected intravenously with Cryptococcus neoformans. Mice received no therapy, 3 mg of amphotericin B (AmB) per kg of body weight, or 10(5) U of IFN-gamma alone (prophylactically and therapeutically or only therapeutically) or with AmB. In the first experiment, >75% of the mice survived. Therapy with AmB alone was efficacious compared to no therapy in all organs. Both regimens of IFN-gamma alone were ef…

Myositis resulting from disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with hepatitis C cirrhosis.

We report a case of myositis that resulted from disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with hepatitis C cirrhosis. One year after cessation of treatment, the patient remains symptom free with negative results of serum cryptococcal antigen tests and negative culture results.

Histopathology of cryptococcosis and other fungal infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into the histopathologic characteristics of fungal infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHO … ollowed by that of pulmonary aspergillosis and Candida infection. Eighteen patients had generalized cryptococcosis, representing the commonest generalized fungal disease. The essential histologic features of the disease consisted of yeast cell proliferation with a histiocytic response, but only minor lymphocytic and neutrophilic components. This was different fr …

Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in a patient with systemic immunosuppression after liver transplantation.

We report a 36-year-old woman who slowly developed an ulceration on the left thigh 2 years after transplantation for Budd-Chiari syndrome. At this time point, the patient was treated with prednisone, tacrolimus and azathioprine for immunosuppression and with phenprocoumon and low-dose aspirin for anticoagulation in the presence of polycythemia vera. A biopsy of the skin lesion was obtained and revealed encapsulated yeast that was identified by microbiological and serological methods as Cryptococcus neoformans serotype D. The patient had no signs of systemic infection and a therapy with flucona

A human IgM monoclonal antibody prolongs survival of mice with lethal cryptococcosis.

Antifungal therapy cannot eradicate Cryptococcus neoformans infections in immunosuppressed patient groups. Therefore, adjunctive antibody-ba … neoformans. These results suggest that human MAbs may have promise as therapeutic reagents against cryptococcosis.

[Cryptococcosis. Report of 4 cases diagnosed at the El-Hadi FLICI hospital].

The cryptococcosis is an opportunist infection, frequent during Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom (A.I.D.S.). It increases in the same way as the increase of immunodepression factors. This infection is due essentially to Cryptococcus neoformans. This paper deals with the analysis of four (04) cases of cryptococcosis admitted in El-Hadi FLICI hospital in Algiers from November 1997 to February 1998. Among these cases we have taken note of two patients struck doxn by A.I.D.S., one of them have undergone a kidney transplant, whereas the other suffered from sarcoidose and pulmonary tuberculosis. Th…

Красивый криптококкоз и моллюскум контазиосум происходят в том же повреждении у больного СПИДом.

Пациенты, страдающие синдромом приобретенного иммунодефицита (СПИД), подвержены воздействию широкого круга патогенов в связи с глубоким дефектом клеточного иммунитета. Сосуществование различных заболеваний в рамках одного и того же повреждения является характерной чертой инфекции вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ). Мы описываем совместное существование криптококкоза и моллюскума в том же повреждении у пациента с синдромом приобретенного иммунодефицита.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are susceptible to a wide range of pathogens due to profound defect in cell-mediated immunity. The co-existence of different diseases within the same lesion is a feature of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We describe co-existent cutaneous cryptococcosis and molluscum contagiosum in the sam…

Fluconazole for primary prophylaxis of AIDS-associated cryptococcosis: a case-control study.

In order to verify whether fluconazole has a prophylactive effect against the occurrence of cryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients and to identify other factors capable of increasing or reducing the risk of this infection, we arranged a case-control study of 17 patients with cryptococcal infection. 34 controls were selected, matched by presence of an AIDS-defining event, CD4 cell count, and date of T-cell phenotyping. No significant difference in exposure to fluconazole, in total days of treatment, or in total dose administered was observed between cases and controls. However, control patient…

[Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis with pleural effusion, and clinical studies of five cases].

A 35-year-old man was admitted with fever and right-sided chest pain. A chest X-ray film showed an apple-sized mass shadow in the right lower lobe and minimal pleural effusion Cryptococcus neoformans was identified by culture of the pleural effusion. Transbronchial lung biopsy was done, and pulmonary cryptococcosis was diagnosed. The patient's condition improved after treatment with fluconazole and miconazole. Two months after discharge he was readmitted with a massive ipsilateral pleural effusion. The serum cryptococcal antigen titer was almost normal, and examination of the effusion for cryp…