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Trends in maternal mortality and stillbirths by county in health facility data, Kenya, 2011-2022.

BACKGROUND: Reports on maternal deaths and stillbirths in health facilities are a critical but underutilized source of information to monito … of mortality. METHODS: Data from the routine monthly reporting system of the Ministry of Health in Kenya were used to assess levels and trends in maternal mortality and stillbirth rates in 47 counties from 2011 to 2022. Data quality was assessed using multiple methods, including consistency of annual reporting of live births, stillbirths and maternal d …

Fear of intimate partner and women's engagement in exercise: insights from a national survey in Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Women in abusive or controlling relationships often experience restrictions on their autonomy, mobility, and decision-making cap … sociation. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 5,052 women (15-49 years) who participated in the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. We derived the outcome variable from the question: "how many days per week do you exercise?" The responses were recoded as '0 = do not exercise' and '1/7 days = exercises'. All estimates were weighted. Cross-tabulation …

Spirometry Abnormalities and Immune Dysfunction Among Adolescents With and Without HIV in Kenya: A Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic lung disease and its association with immune dysfunction is characterized poorly among adolescents with HIV (AWHIVs). RESEARCH QUESTION: Is HIV associated with spirometry abnormalities among adolescents, and what role does immune dysfunction play? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of adolescents (10-19 years of age) with and without HIV in Nairobi, Kenya. We fit adjusted log binomial models using Poisson regression to determine associations between HIV, respiratory symptoms, clinical signs, and, using exploratory factor analysis, biomarkers of immune d…

The epidemiology and spatial distribution of Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis in Kenya: The case of Busia County.

BACKGROUND: Taenia solium is responsible for a substantial global disease burden in pig-raising and pork-consuming regions of the developing world. The study assessed the reported spatial pattern of Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis (TSTC) in Kenya, with the focus on risk mapping of TSTC in Busia County. METHODOLOGY: The study employed a mixed approach, incorporating routinely collected data and open-source resources. A literature review and collection of pig population data were used to map the TSTC and pig population distribution at the national level. In Busia County, the retrospec…

The Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus in Kenya: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C (HCV) is a virus that causes chronic liver disease, end-stage cirrhosis, and liver cancer, yet most infected individuals remain undiagnosed or untreated. Kenya is a country located in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where the prevalence of HCV remains high but with uncertain disease burden due to little population-based evidence of the epidemic. We aimed to highlight the HCV disease burden in Kenya with a summary of the available data. METHODS: The study was performed as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched…

Genomic Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Kenya, Uganda, and Jordan.

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Kenya, Uganda, and Jordan identified multidrug-resistant high-risk bacterial clones: Escherichia coli sequence types 131, 1193, 69, 167, 10, 648, 410, 405 and Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence types 14, 147, 307, 258. Clones emerging in those countries exhibited high resistance mechanism diversity, highlighting a serious threat for multidrug resistance.

Comparison of different trapping methods to collect malaria vectors indoors and outdoors in western Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Vector surveillance is among the World Health Organization global vector control response (2017-2030) pillars. Human landing catches are a gold standard but difficult to implement and potentially expose collectors to malaria infection. Other methods like light traps, pyrethrum spray catches and aspiration are less expensive and less risky to collectors. METHODS: Three mosquito sampling methods (UV light traps, CDC light traps and Prokopack aspiration) were evaluated against human landing catches (HLC) in two villages of Rarieda sub-county, Siaya County, Kenya. UV-LTs, CDC-LTs and …

Cost of delivering childhood RSV prevention interventions to the health system in Kenya: a prospective analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cost of delivering childhood respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prevention interventions to the health system in Kenya. DESIGN: A prospective (cost projection) activity-based costing study. SETTING: Kenya, national introduction of interventions. PARTICIPANTS: Not applicable. INTERVENTIONS: A single-dose RSV maternal vaccine and a single-dose, long-acting monoclonal antibody (mAb). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Cost per eligible target population; cost per dose administered; non-commodity cost of delivery. Costs are reported in 2023 USD. RESULTS: RSV i…

Financing immunisation in Kenya: examining bottlenecks in health sector planning and budgeting at the decentralised level.

BACKGROUND: Decentralisation has increasingly been adopted by countries as an important health sector reform aimed at increasing community participation in decision making while enhancing swift response at decentralised levels, to accelerate the attainment of health system goals. Kenya adopted a devolved system of government where health services delivery became a function of the 47 semi-autonomous county governments with planning and budgeting functions practised at both levels of government. This study sought to explore challenges facing health sector planning and budgeting and how they affe…

Расширение профессиональной подготовки и ухода за миеломой в Западной Кении на основе модели ECHO: экспериментальный этап.

Множество миэломы (ММ) в сельской местности на западе Кении характеризуется тем, что диагностика проводится с опозданием и с плохими долгосрочными результатами. Отчасти в этом виновата нехватка квалифицированных медицинских бригад в сельской местности. Модель " Расширение возможностей для получения результатов в области здравоохранения на уровне общин " (EHO) направлена на устранение этого разрыва в квалификации путем установления связей между сельскими группами первичной/средней медико-санитарной помощи (говорят) и экспертами по миеломе в третичном центре (хуб) в рамках программы пр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
PurposeMultiple myeloma (MM) in rural western Kenya is characterized by under and late diagnosis with poor long-term outcomes. Inadequate skilled rural health care teams are partly to blame. The Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model attempts to bridge this skills gap by linking rural primary/secondary health care teams (spokes) to myeloma …

Nephrotoxicity associated with aminoglycoside therapy in paediatrics: experiences from a leading referral hospital in Kenya.

INTRODUCTION: This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of nephrotoxicity in paediatric patients receiving aminoglycoside therapy at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in Kenya. METHODS: Between July and September 2018, a prospective cohort study involving children receiving aminoglycoside treatment was carried out at KNH. Before beginning and after finishing the aminoglycoside therapy, the levels of serum creatinine were assessed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the patients' clinical and sociodemographic features. Associations between nephrotoxicity and maternal and…

An epidemiological and spatiotemporal analysis of visceral leishmaniasis in West Pokot, Kenya, between 2018 and 2022.

BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains a significant public health concern in West Pokot County, Kenya, where a large outbreak between 2020 and 2022 emphasised the need for improved VL control strategies. However, these measures are partially hampered by limited insight into the geographical distribution of cases and localised outbreaks of the disease. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and spatiotemporal patterns of VL in West Pokot between 2018 and 2022, in order to map the spread of VL transmission and identify regions that should be prioritised for control interventions…

Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding by maternal HIV status: a population-based survey in Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first six months remains low globally, despite known benefits of lower morbidity and mortality among breastfed infants. It is important to understand factors associated with breastfeeding to support optimal breastfeeding practices, particularly in settings with a high burden of HIV. METHODS: We analyzed data from a population-level survey of mother-infant pairs attending 6-week or 9-month immunizations at 141 clinics across Kenya. Primary outcomes included maternal report of (1) EBF at 6-week visit, defined as currently feeding the infant breas…

Geographic Distribution of Rabies Virus and Genomic Sequence Alignment of Wild and Vaccine Strains, Kenya.

Rabies, a viral disease that causes lethal encephalitis, kills ≈59,000 persons worldwide annually, despite availability of effective countermeasures. Rabies is endemic in Kenya and is mainly transmitted to humans through bites from rabid domestic dogs. We analyzed 164 brain stems collected from rabid animals in western and eastern Kenya and evaluated the phylogenetic relationships of rabies virus (RABV) from the 2 regions. We also analyzed RABV genomes for potential amino acid changes in the vaccine antigenic sites of nucleoprotein and glycoprotein compared with RABV vaccine strains commonly u…

Molecular characterisation of human rabies in Tanzania and Kenya: a case series report and phylogenetic investigation.

BACKGROUND: Rabies remains a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. However, human rabies deaths are rarely laboratory-confirmed or sequenced, especially in Africa. Five human rabies deaths from Tanzania and Kenya were investigated and the causative rabies viruses sequenced, with the aim of identifying implications for rabies control at individual, healthcare and societal levels. CASE PRESENTATION: The epidemiological context and care of these cases was contrasting. Four had a clear history of being bitten by dogs, while one had an unclear biting history. Two individ…

Optimal control analysis of a transmission interruption model for the soil-transmitted helminth infections in Kenya.

Kenya is among the countries endemic for soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) with over 66 subcounties and over 6 million individuals being at-risk of infection. Currently, the country is implementing mass drug administration (MDA) to all the at-risk groups as the mainstay control strategy. This study aimed to develop and analyze an optimal control (OC) model, from a transmission interruption model, to obtain an optimal control strategy from a mix of three strategies evaluated. The study used the Pontryagin's maximum principle to solve, numerically, the OC model. The analysis results clearly d…

Evaluation of SaTo pans as a new latrine technology in Kisumu County healthcare facilities, Kenya.

OBJECTIVES: Innovations to improve public sanitation facilities, especially in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in low-income countries, are limited. SaTo pans represent novel, largely untested, modifications to reduce odour and flies and improve acceptability of HCF sanitation facilities. We conducted a pilot project to evaluate acceptability, cleanliness, flies and odour within latrines in 37 HCFs in Kisumu, Kenya, randomised into intervention (SaTo pan modifications) and control arms by sub-county and HCF level. METHODS: At baseline (pre-intervention) and endline (>3 months after completion of…

A training program for obstetrics point-of-care ultrasound to 514 rural healthcare providers in Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound is a crucial and effective diagnostic tool in medicine. Recent advancements in technology have led to increased use o … int-of-care ultrasound (OB POCUS) for high-risk conditions in rural public healthcare facilities in Kenya with partnership from Butterfly Network, Global Ultrasound Institute, and Kenyatta University. METHODS: As part of the initiation of a large-scale implementation study of OB POCUS, clinician trainees were recruited from rural Kenyan hospitals for p …

Mapping brucellosis risk in Kenya and its implications for control strategies in sub-Saharan Africa.

In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), effective brucellosis control is limited, in part, by the lack of long-term commitments by governments to control the disease and the absence of reliable national human and livestock population-based data to inform policies. Therefore, we conducted a study to establish the national prevalence and develop a risk map for Brucella spp. in cattle to contribute to plans to eliminate the disease in Kenya by the year 2040. We randomly generated 268 geolocations and distributed them across Kenya, proportionate to the area of each of the five agroecological zones and the as…

Survival of cervical cancer patients at Moi teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret in western Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a major health burden and the second most common cancer after breast cancer among women in Kenya. Worldwide cervical cancer constitutes 3.1% of all cancer cases. Mortality rates are greatest among the low-income countries because of lack of awareness, screening and early-detection programs and adequate treatment facilities. The main aim was to estimate survival and determine survival predictors of women with cervical cancer and limited resources in western Kenya. METHODS: Retrospective charts review of women diagnosed with cervical cancer and follow-up for two y…