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Identification and experimental validation of biomarkers associated with the endocannabinoid system in major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: The endocannabinoid system (ES) plays a pivotal role in modulating central nervous system activity in response to emotional stimuli. This study aimed to identify and validate biomarkers associated with ES-related genes (ES-RGs) in major depressive disorder (MDD), providing insights into potential therapeutic targets. METHODS: Datasets GSE52790 and GSE38206 were analyzed in this study. Overlapping differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were integrated to identify intersecting genes. Candidate genes were selected through protein-pro…

Major depressive disorder and anti-depressant therapy markedly alters the human follicular niche DNA methylome.

IN BRIEF: Generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder and their treatment selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) impact 4-17% of pregnancies worldwide and alter the epigenome of numerous tissues, but their effects on the ovarian follicle are unknown. This study profiles the methylome of granulosa cells, revealing novel epigenetic pathways and molecular mechanisms altered by mental health conditions and their treatments. ABSTRACT: Generalized anxiety and major depressive disorders (GAD/MDD) impact 4-17% of pregnancies worldwide. GAD/MDD and SSRIs alter the epigenome of num…

Vortioxetine Improves Brain Glymphatic System Function, Functional Connectivity, and Cognitive Functions in Major Depressive Disorder.

Background: The therapeutic effects of vortioxetine on mood and cognition have been documented in major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aims to examine whether vortioxetine can improve brain glymphatic system function and connections among functional brain networks and to explore the underlying relationships among these changes. Methods: A total of 34 patients with MDD and 41 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in the study. All participants underwent mood and cognitive assessment, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional MRI scans at baseline and 8-week follow-u…

Slowing Cognitive Decline in Major Depressive Disorder and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Older adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at high risk for cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of cognitive remediation (CR) plus transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the prefrontal cortex in slowing cognitive decline, acutely improving cognition, and reducing progression to MCI or dementia in older adults with remitted MDD (rMDD), MCI, or both. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at 5 academic hospitals in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Participants were old…

Vortioxetine for Cognitive Impairment in Major Depressive Disorder During Post-COVID Syndrome: Real-World Evidence.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of vortioxetine versus escitalopram and sertraline as a treatment in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-COVID syndrome (PCS). Methods: This is a prospective, open-label, comparative effectiveness study in individuals with new-onset MDD as PCS outcome. The study was carried out in 1 clinical site. Individuals who had a history of confirmed SARS-CoV 2 infection, who met World Health Organization-defined criteria for PCS, and who met new-onset of MDD criteria according to DSM-5-TR were included. Participants that were eligible were as…

Genetic Determinants Of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Among Adult Persons Living With HIV In Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has a heritable component, with estimates of heritability ranging from 30% to 40%. Depression is a significant comorbidity in people living with HIV (PLWHIV), increasing the risk of suicide-related behaviors. This study investigated the genetic risk loci associated with MDD among adults living with HIV in Uganda, where limited data exist on this relationship. METHODS: The case-control study analyzed 282 samples (139 MDD cases and 143 controls), assessed for MDD at baseline, six months, and one year using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inter…

Microglia-Targeted Nanotherapeutics in Major Depressive Disorder: An Integrative Perspective on Neuroinflammation and Drug Delivery.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by complex neurobiological mechanisms, including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, with microglial activation playing a key role in its pathophysiology. Conventional antidepressants, though widely used, often fail to achieve remission due to limited efficacy, adverse effects, and poor patient adherence. In this context, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have emerged as promising strategies to overcome pharmacological limitations, enhance blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, and target neu…

A naturalistic analysis of rTMS treatment outcomes for major depressive disorder in West Australian youth.

OBJECTIVE: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective, evidence-based treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults and is publicly funded in Australia. However, there is limited data as to its efficacy and safety in treating MDD in adolescent and youth populations. METHODS: This retrospective report examined routinely collected data of 46 outpatients aged 17 to 25 years old, who received rTMS treatment for MDD in a private TMS clinic. Primary outcomes measures were the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the depression subscale of the 21-i…

Cardiac Clues in Major Depressive Disorder: Evaluating Electrical Risk Score as a Predictive Electrocardiography Biomarker.

Background and Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric illness increasingly recognized as a systemic condition with implications for cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence indicates that individuals with MDD have an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality, underscoring the need for reliable, non-invasive biomarkers to assess cardiac risk. While underlying mechanisms remain unclear, electrocardiogram (ECG)-based markers offer a promising, non-invasive means of evaluation. Among these, the electrical risk score (ERS), a composite derived from specific ECG para…

A specific GPR56/ADGRG1 splicing isoform is associated with antidepressant response in major depressive disorder.

Major Depressive Episode (MDE) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. Often difficult to treat, this disease is one of the leading causes of suicide. A recent study showed an association between GPR56/ADGRG1 mRNA, MDE and response to antidepressant treatment in blood and in brain. Among GPR56 splicing variant, the S4 isoform has recently been associated with microglial synaptic pruning, while microglia are already known as a central player in MDE. Therefore, we hypothesized that S4 is the specific isoform associated to MDE and antidepressant response. To test our hypothesis, an in si

Biomarkers associated with antidepressant response and illness severity in major depressive disorder: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent condition characterized by alterations in different biological systems including inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Antidepressants seem to rebalance biological abnormalities. In this short communication, we report differences in a set of biomarkers between drug-free patients and those who benefited from response to antidepressant monotherapy. METHODS: A sample of patients affected by MDD (N = 38) was recruited at the inpatient and outpatient clinic of Policlinico Hospital in Milan: 26 responders and 12 drug-free subjects. The two…

Neuropharmacology of Ketamine and Its Use in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Review.

Depression is a common yet potentially debilitating mood disorder with complex neurobiological underpinnings, including deficiencies in monoaminergic and glutamatergic signaling, overactivity of the lateral habenula, and dysregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Ketamine has emerged as a mechanistically novel, effective, and rapidly acting antidepressant. Ketamine's primary effects are due to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonism, although hypotheses regarding the importance of its impact on monoaminergic signaling (preclinical evidence), BDNF signaling (p

Influence of Inter-Parental Conflict on New-Onset Major Depressive Disorder in Chinese College Students.

OBJECTIVE: Major depressive disorder (MDD) significantly impairs college students' functioning. Inter-parental conflict (IPC) is a recognized risk factor for mental health issues, yet gender-specific mechanisms linking IPC to MDD in college students remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between IPC and new-onset MDD among Chinese university students, and to test whether this association differs by gender. METHODS: A retrospective controlled study was conducted between April 2018 and October 2019 among 8079 first-year students from two medical universities in Shandong Pro…

Altered Brain Functional Connectivity and Peripheral Transcriptomic Profiles in Major Depressive Disorder With Childhood Maltreatment.

Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a significant risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD), yet the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate brain functional networks and peripheral transcriptomics in patients with MDD who have a history of CM. Methods: Functional imaging data were collected and network-based statistics were used to identify differences in functional networks among MDD patients with CM (MDD_CM, n = 78), MDD patients without CM (MDD_nCM, n = 61), and healthy controls (HC, n = 126). Additionally, blood transcriptional data we…

PTTG1 as a common promising target for PCOS, Ovarian Cancer, and Major Depressive Disorder patients.

Women are susceptible to hormonal imbalances and endocrine-related disorders such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Ovarian Cancer (OC), and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). This study aims to identify gene-level interconnections among these conditions using omics-based bioinformatic approaches. Publicly available GEO datasets, viz., GSE226146 (PCOS), GSE18520 (OC), and GSE125664 (MDD), were analyzed, which in total resulted in 21,366 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 11,174 upregulated and 10,198 downregulated genes. Common genes PTTG1 and PID1 were identified using Venny 2.…

Psychedelic interventions for major depressive disorder in the elderly: Exploring novel therapies, promise and potential.

The global population is ageing rapidly, with the number of individuals aged 60 and older reaching 1 billion in 2019 and expected to double … nt clinical and preclinical studies suggest that psychedelics could offer a promising treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in older adults. These compounds, known for their profound neurobiological effects, have gained attention for their potential to address depression where traditional therapies fall short. This review aims to examine the therapeutic promise of …

Dopaminergic frontostriatal pathways in major depressive disorder and childhood sexual abuse: a multimodal neuroimaging investigation.

Dysregulated dopaminergic signaling has been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and childhood sexual abuse (CSA), but inconsistencies abound. In a multimodal PET-functional MRI study, harnessing the highly selective tracer [11C]altropane, we investigated dopamine transporter availability (DAT) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) within reward-related regions among 112 unmedicated individuals (MDD: n = 37, MDD/CSA: n = 18; CSA no MDD: n = 14; controls: n = 43). Striatal DAT and seed-based rsFC were assessed in the dorsal and ventral striatum and th…

Assessment of Brain Volume and Cortical Thickness in People with HIV and Major Depressive Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine neuroanatomical differences associated with depressive symptoms in people with HIV (PWH) by comparing three groups: depressed PWH (PWH Dep+), non-depressed PWH (PWH Dep-), and HIV-negative controls. The primary goal is to explore specific alterations in brain volume and cortical thickness linked to depressive symptomatology in PWH. METHODS: A total of 61 male participants (28 PWH, 33 controls) underwent psychiatric evaluation and high-resolution structural MRI scanning. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and cortical thickness analyses were conducted, with age

Серьезное депрессивное расстройство в множестве склерозов, связанное с различиями в лечении заболеваний и демографических характеристиках.

У лиц с множественным склерозом (pwMS) часто диагностируется серьезное депрессивное расстройство (MDD). Вместе с тем имеется недостаточно знаний о связи между различными демографическими особенностями и такими совместно диагностиками, а также о возможных клинических последствиях совместного диагностирования. В ходе этого исследования был изучен вопрос о том, продемонстрировали ли конкретные демографические данные какую-либо корреляцию с совместно диагностикой MS и MDD и как коморбидность MDD может потенциально повлиять на клинические результаты. В этом одноцентровом исследовании Black pwMS ско

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are often diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding the association between different demographic features and such co-diagnosis, as well as the clinical implications the co-diagnosis may carry. This study investigated whether specific demographics demonstrated an…

Linking inter-subject variability of cerebellar functional connectome to clinical symptoms in major depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder with remarkable inter-subject variability in clinical manifestations. Neuroimaging changes of the cerebellum have been recently proposed as a way to characterize MDD-related brain disruptions and might further explain various clinical symptoms. However, the cerebellar contributions to MDD clinical heterogeneity remain largely unknown. The analyzed data consisted of 251 MDD patients and 235 matching healthy controls (HC). The inter-subject variability of functional connectomes (IVFC) was estimated via Pearson's correlati…