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Pilose antler proteins attenuate cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression in mice and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional Chinese medicine holds that pilose antler can strengthen kidney yang, replenish essence and blood, fortify bones and muscles, as well as enhance immune function and promote hematopoiesis. However, studies on its potential to treat myelosuppression remain limited, and the underlying mechanisms and active components still require further investigation. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PAPs against myelosuppression and to elucidate the underlying protective mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The protein compo

Rituximab therapy achieves comparable remission to cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated vasculitis with severe kidney involvement.

BACKGROUND: The RAVE (Rituximab versus Cyclophosphamide for ANCA-Associated Vasculitis) and RITUXIVAS (Rituximab versus Cyclophosphamide in ANCA-Associated Renal Vasculitis) trials established rituximab (RTX) therapy in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). However, RAVE excluded patients with severe renal involvement (creatinine >354 µmol/L). Whilst RITUXIVAS did not, treatment included RTX with two cyclophosphamide (CYC) pulses. This study reports outcomes in AAV patients with severe renal involvement treated with RTX alone compared with CYC, together with high-dos…

Mismatched Unrelated vs Matched Related Donor Transplant With Posttransplant Cyclophosphamide Among Patients With Blood Cancers.

IMPORTANCE: Relapse limits survival after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. Although human leukocyte antigen-matched related donors (MRDs) are traditionally preferred, mismatched unrelated donors (MMUDs) using posttransplant cyclophosphamide may provide stronger graft-vs-leukemia effects, potentially altering donor selection strategies. OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes between MRD and MMUD transplant in the posttransplant cyclophosphamide era and assess whether MMUD grafts are associated with lower relapse rates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study (Janua…

Exopolysaccharides from lecithin-zeaxanthin-stimulated Cordyceps militaris alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and intestine-liver injury.

Chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression and multi-organ toxicity remain critical clinical challenges. Herein, we investigated protective effects and mechanisms of two structurally distinct Cordyceps militaris exopolysaccharides, CM-C2 (mannogalactan) and CM-T2 (galactomannoglucan), in a cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced immunosuppressive mouse model. Both polysaccharides, particularly CM-T2, alleviated CPA-induced systemic damage by restoring immune function, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and repairing intestine-liver injury. Mechanistically, these effects involved modulation of key signaling pa…

Adverse events associated with cyclophosphamide: A pharmacovigilance study using the FDA adverse event reporting system.

OBJECTIVE: Cyclophosphamide(CHOP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent belonging to the class of alkylating agents. It primarily inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells by interfering with DNA replication and transcription. CHOP has been approved for the treatment of various types of malignant tumors. The aim of this research is to assess adverse events linked to CHOP using real-world data. METHODS: This research collected and analyzed adverse event reports associated with CHOP from the FAERS(US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System) database spanning from the first…

Superiority of high-dose cytarabine-based mobilisation over cyclophosphamide or plerixafor in primary CNS lymphoma.

High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a key consolidative therapy for primary central nervous system ly … d: high-dose cytarabine (HD-Ara-C)-based mobilisation (n = 64), plerixafor plus G-CSF (n = 60), and cyclophosphamide (CTX, n = 18). Mobilisation success, CD34⁺ cell yield, toxicity, and predictors of collection outcomes were evaluated. Patients in the HD-Ara-C-based mobilisation group achieved a 100% success rate, significantly outperforming CTX (77.8%) and steady …

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide in haploidentical stem cell transplantation: evaluating the impact of transplant conditioning intensity.

BackgroundThe introduction of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is one of the major achievements in the field of haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-HCT). The transplant conditioning intensity (TCI) score is a refined classification of conditioning regimens that assigns weight scores to conditioning regimen components. The aim of our analysis was twofold: to assess the effect on transplant outcomes of combining PTCy with calcineurin inhibitor + mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) instead of mTOR inhibitor + MMF for GvHD prophylaxis, and to assess the effect of stratification by condit…

Immune Enhancement of Fermented Ruditapes philippinarum Polysaccharide on Immunosuppressed BALB/c Mice Induced by Cyclophosphamide.

Polysaccharides from marine organisms have been extensively studied and utilized as functional food ingredients due to their excellent immunomodulatory properties. However, the immunomodulatory potential of fermented Ruditapes philippinarum polysaccharide (RPP) has not been systematically explored. This study investigated the effects of RPP on immune function in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed BALB/c mice. These results revealed that RPP alleviated CTX-induced weight loss and restored appetite. Moreover, RPP can promote the morphology and indices of immune organs, as well as in…

Human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve ovarian function in cyclophosphamide-induced POF mice.

INTRODUCTION: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) of different tissue origins have become a new option for the treatment of premature ovarian failu … ervation. RESULTS: The POF mice model was successfully established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide 100 mg/kg/d for 10 days. Compared with POF group, two weeks after transplantation, serum FSH decreased, AMH and E2 increased in the P-H and P-U groups of mice (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the P-H and P-U groups (p > 0. …

Neuroprotective Effects of a Novel Polyherbal Formulation Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an anticancer drug, but its long-term use is commonly associated with neurotoxicity. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of a novel polyherbal formulation (PHF) on CP-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and its mechanism of action. PHF showed strong antioxidant action and mitigated CP-induced SH-SY5Y toxicity by significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) increasing the cell viability by 51.44%, 71.28%, and 98.43% at doses 250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. CP-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells was associated with a significant (p < 0.001) decline in DPPH (by…

Safety and feasibility of intermediate-dose post-transplant cyclophosphamide for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis.

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is widely used for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT). However, the optimal dosing of PTCy remains uncertain. In this case series, we evaluated intermediate-dose PTCy (25–30 mg/kg/day on Days 3 and 4) in 11 consecutive patients treated at our center between February 2023 and November 2024. Outcomes regarding engraftment were compared to our center’s historical cohort, which received standard-dose PTCy. All 11 patients achieved neutrophil engraftment, and 10 achieved platelet engraftment. M…

Polysaccharides from discarded tobacco leaves modulate immunity and ameliorate intestinal injury in cyclophosphamide-treated mice.

BACKGROUND: Discarded tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves are underutilized, resulting in environmental pollution and resource inefficiency. Previous research demonstrated the immunomodulatory potential of tobacco-derived oligosaccharides, but the effects of Nicotiana tabacum leaf polysaccharides (NTLP) on immunosuppression and intestinal damage remain unclear. This study explores NTLP's impact on immunomodulatory activity, intestinal barrier integrity, and gut microbiota regulation in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated mice. RESULTS: Characterization of NTLP showed total sugar (743.1 ± 79.5 g kg-1…

ДиметилФумарат Аттенуаты циклофосфамидозные повреждения мочевого пузыря и усиление цитотоксичной активности против клеток SH-SY5Y.

Острый кистит, вызванный циститом цилофосфамида (КХ), является изнурительной дисфункцией мочевого пузыря, которая, как правило, наблюдается у больных раком, главным образом в результате окислительных повреждений и воспаления тканей мочевого пузыря. Диметилфумарат (DMF) — эстер фумарной кислоты, утвержденный для лечения множественных склерозов в силу его антиоксидантов и противовоспалительных свойств. Таким образом, мы намеревались изучить многообразное воздействие ДМФ, включая как его потенциальное синергетическое воздействие с ХП на клетки SH-SY5Y, так и его незащищенное воздействие на острый

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… Introduction Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an oxazaphosphorine agent widely used in the treatment of a variety of malignancies from lymphoma to breast cancer. … CCh, carbachol; CP, cyclophosphamide; DMF, dimethyl fumarate. Table 1 Emax and pEC 50 values of CCh‐induced contractions of detrusor strips for all groups. …

Magnolin alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of magnolin (MAG) against oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) and its role in the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Rats were administered MAG (1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days and CP (75 mg/kg, i.p.) on the 14th day. CP administration increased tissue damage, as evidenced by elevated levels of transaminases (aspartate and alanine), alkaline phosphatase, and renal parameters (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine). Additionally, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde levels were increased, whereas glutathione levels, along wi…

Cyclophosphamide-induced multiple organ dysfunctions: unravelling of dose dependent toxic impact on biochemistry and histology.

BACKGROUND: Cyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressive alkylating agent, has been used against breast cancer, lymphoma and myeloid leukemia. Despite various therapeutic uses, its toxic impacts on multiple organs remains to be fully elucidated. AIM: This study aimed to investigate dose dependent toxic impact of cyclophosphamide on liver, kidney, brain and testis emphasizing serum and tissue biochemical and histological alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental design consisted of five groups of albino rats. Group 1-5 were administered vehicle for five consecutive days. On 6th day, group 1 …

Boswellic Acid and Betulinic Acid Pre-treatments Can Prevent the Nephrotoxicity Caused by Cyclophosphamide Induction.

Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat various cancers. However, its clinical use is limited due to severe organ damage, particularly to the kidneys. While several phytochemicals have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for CYP nephrotoxicity, the nephroprotective effects of boswellic acid (BOSW) and betulinic acid (BET) have not yet been investigated. Our study used 42 rats divided into six equal groups. The study included six groups: control, CYP (200 mg/kg), CYP+BOSW20 (20 mg/kg), CYP+BOSW40 (40 mg/kg), CYP+BET20 (20 mg/kg), and CYP+BET40 (40 mg/kg). Th…

Tackling water contamination by oncologic drugs: Supported ionic liquids as sustainable adsorbents for cyclophosphamide removal.

Due to the increasing incidence of cancer, the consumption of highly toxic oncological drugs is continuously growing. Given the current lack of efficient technologies to remove/treat these toxic drugs in wastewater treatment plants, the environmental quality is compromised, and aquatic organisms are at risk. To address this critical environmental burden, a new strategy based on supported ionic liquids (SILs) for the simultaneous removal of oncologic drugs and toxicity reduction of aqueous samples is here proposed. Silica-based SILs functionalized with imidazolium-based and quaternary ammonium-

Case report: Pulse cyclophosphamide for treatment of multi-agent-refractory hepatic graft-versus-host disease.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). G … rabine/total body irradiation (Flu/TBI) as a myeloablative conditioning regimen and post-transplant cyclophosphamide/tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil (PTCy/Tac/MMF) as GVHD prophylaxis. A liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of GVHD, while other possible etiologies were excluded by corresponding tests. Initial treatment with prednisone and tacrolimus, and the late …

Umbelliferone Enhances Immune Function in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice via Histidine and Purine Metabolism Regulation.

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression significantly impacts patient's quality of life. Umbelliferone (UMB) is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties, but its effects on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression need further study. METHODS: We established a CTX-induced immunosuppressed mouse model and administered varying doses of UMB. Immune function was assessed by evaluating white blood cells, lymphocytes, thymus and spleen indices, and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios. Serum levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IgA, IgM, and IgG, along with macrophage phag…

Intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy for patients with severe ocular inflammatory diseases who failed other immunomodulatory therapies.

BACKGROUND: Ocular inflammatory diseases, including scleritis and uveitis, have been widely treated with immunomodulatory therapies (IMTs) as a steroid-sparing approach. Such strategy includes conventional therapies (antimetabolites, alkylating agents, and calcineurin inhibitors) as well as biologic agents like adalimumab, infliximab, rituximab, and tocilizumab. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating agent and mainly inhibits the functioning of both T and B cells. Though known to have potential adverse events, including bone marrow suppression, hemorrhagic cystitis, and sterility, CP has been …