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Henry Mayhew: journalist, social investigator, and foreshadower of qualitative research.

As a journalist, Henry Mayhew recorded daily life in London in the latter half of the nineteenth century. His approach remains of interest to historians and social scientists today in that it foreshadowed qualitative research. The article highlights methodological aspects of Mayhew's investigations and analyzes two of his reports, one on a cholera outbreak and the other on a female street vendor. It also addresses some analyses that have critiqued his work.

Wittgenstein, medicine and neuropsychiatry.

A historical review is presented of the link between Ludwig Wittgenstein, considered the most important philosopher of the 20th century, and medicine, particularly neurology and psychiatry. Wittgenstein worked as a porter at Guy's Hospital in London, and then as a technician at the Royal Victoria Infirmary in Newcastle. He wrote about his important insights into language, and neuroscience. It has been suggested that he had Asperger syndrome and a possible movement disorder (mannerisms).

Hutchinson and Nettleship, Nettlerash and albinism.

With specialization still in its infancy, Victorian surgeons were often concerned with the diagnosis and care of skin disorders. The careers of three London surgeons from successive generations, Sir James Paget, Sir Jonathan Hutchinson and Edward Nettleship are discussed with emphasis on their mutual influence and contributions to dermatology. Nettleship's original description of urticaria pigmentosa and his research into the inheritance of albinism are reviewed in more detail.

The role of an anaesthetist in a field hospital during the cholera epidemic among Rwandan refugees in Goma.

In 1849 John Snow, already the leading anaesthetic practitioner and innovator of his day, made a historic contribution to the epidemiology of infectious disease by his famous study of the distribution of cholera around the area of Broad Street in London. We report on our experience as anaesthetists in a field hospital, dispatched as part of the international rescue effort to Goma, Zaire, to help combat the effects of cholera among the Rwandan refugees.

Using the Refugee Health Screener with Children and Young People Seeking Asylum and Refugees who are unaccompanied (CYPSAR-U): A mixed-methods evaluation.

INTRODUCTION: Children and Young People seeking asylum and refugees who are unaccompanied (CYPSAR-U) have a high risk of developing depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet culturally sensitive screening approaches remain limited. This evaluation explored the use of the Refugee Health Screener (RHS), focusing on patient outcomes and healthcare professionals' experiences of administration. METHODS: A mixed-methods service evaluation was conducted in two London-based clinics. The demographics, language, interpreter use, and RHS scores were extracted from electronic he…

Perinatal and 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome in late preterm fetal compromise: the TRUFFLE 2 randomised trial protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Following the detection of fetal growth restriction, there is no consensus about the criteria that should trigger delivery in … questionnaire. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The Study Coordination Centre has obtained approval from London-Riverside Research Ethics Committee (REC) and Health Regulatory Authority (HRA). Publication will be in line with NIHR Open Access policy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Main sponsor: Imperial College London, Reference: 19QC5491. Funders: NIHR HTA, Ref …

Development and validation of the ISARIC 4C Deterioration model for adults hospitalised with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Prognostic models to predict the risk of clinical deterioration in acute COVID-19 cases are urgently required to inform clinical … opment cohort. We further validated the final model in held-out data from an additional NHS region (London). FINDINGS: 74 944 participants (recruited between Feb 6 and Aug 26, 2020) were included, of whom 31 924 (43·2%) of 73 948 with available outcomes met the composite clinical deterioration outcome. In internal-external cross-validation in the develo …

Genital pathology: its impact on the interpretation of signs of genital trauma (SEAL development training).

A seminar was held in October 1997 at Wood Street Police Station by courtesy of the City of London Police to explore the diagnostic difficulties posed by pathological conditions affecting the vulva and penis, which may cause problems when assessing the nature and degree of genital injury in allegations of sexual assault. While a lot of the presentations were visual, in the form of slides of the discussed conditions, a synopsis of each speaker's contribution is given below.

Brain tumours in two Bactrian camels: a histiocytic sarcoma and a meningioma.

Primary brain tumours were identified in two Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) living at the Zoological Society of London's two zoos. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to diagnose a histiocytic sarcoma in a 16-year-old female and a fibroblastic meningioma in a 13-year-old male. Before one died and the other was euthanased both camels had shown progressive neurological signs, including circling and ataxia.

Ancient Egypt to modern ophthalmology: via Otago, New Zealand.

The purpose of this report is to document the contribution of two New Zealanders, Barrie Jones and Rowland Wilson, to the development of modern ophthalmology. Their related contribution was made over a period of 80 years; it began in Egypt with Wilson, developed when they worked together in Dunedin and where they created the foundations for the brilliant career that Jones was to go on to in London. Their story emphasizes the impact of teaching and mentorship. It highlights the extended reach of teaching and the power of continuity in research.

Asthma. Assessment and management in a pediatric hospital.

To evaluate the method used to assess and subsequently manage children with asthma, a retrospective chart review was carried out at the Children's Hospital of Western Ontario in London. Charts of 78 children diagnosed with asthma were randomly selected from emergency room daily records and inpatient files. Pharmacologic management of acute asthma proved adequate, but children with daily asthma symptoms likely would not have been identified or treated.

Handling patients with suspected Lassa fever entering Great Britain.

A special isolation unit has been created at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, for the reception of patients arriving in Great Britain from West Africa with suspected Lassa fever. The management of such patients and the operation of the unit are described. Experience during the first eighteen months of operation has been very satisfactory and valuable lessons have been learned concerning the diagnosis and treatment of Lassa fever and the nursing of patients.

A retrospective audit of general practitioner's referrals to Guys and St Thomas' specialist menopause clinic between 2021 and 2022.

Purpose: We performed a retrospective audit of General Practitioners' (GPs) referrals to the specialist Menopause Clinic at Guys and St Thomas's (GSTT) between 2021 and 2022. We aim to establish the indication for the referrals and whether they were compliant with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Guidance NICE.Background: GSTT is a teaching hospital in central London that educates gynaecologists in training as well as (GP) for specialist certification in Menopause. The menopause clinic receives approximately 580 GP referrals per month from South East London practices. The …

An assessment of root stage of canine and premolar teeth at alveolar eruption.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim was to evaluate the degree of root development of permanent canines at the time of alveolar eruption. We also aimed to assess whether differences in the degree of root development at alveolar eruption exist between permanent canines and premolars and between maxilla and mandible. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred dental panoramic radiographs taken as part of routine dental care. METHODS: Radiographs were assessed for canine and premolar root d…

Surveillance optimisation to detect poliovirus in the pre-eradication era: a modelling study of England and Wales.

Surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases are essential for polio eradication. However, as most poliovirus infections are asympto … ection. Poliovirus risk was higher within local authorities in Manchester, Birmingham, Bradford and London. The sensitivity of detecting wild poliovirus within a given month using AFP and enterovirus surveillance was estimated to be 0.096 (95% CI 0.055-0.134). Inclusion of ENV in the three highest risk local authorities and a site in London increased sur …

Age at Onset and Social Cognitive Impairment in Clinically Stabilized Patients with Schizophrenia: An Ecological Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Purposes of the present study were to assess the social cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and to detect if some clinical vari … sults: An earlier age at onset was found to be predictive of frontal cognitive impairment (Tower of London p=0.038, OR=0.702). Female gender was more probably associated with mistakes at MET-HV (χ2= 4.80, p=0.05, phi=0.40) and HOTEL tests (χ2= 5.25, p=0.04, phi=0.4) than male one. Cannabis abusers showed more frequently deficits on verbal fluency (χ2= 9. …

Paradoxical justice: the case of Ian Tomlinson.

On 1 April 2009, 47-year-old London newspaper vendor lan Tomlinson collapsed and died during the G20 protests in central London. The initial autopsy found death consistent with "natural causes". However, that finding was disputed after the public release of mobile phone video footage showing a police officer striking and pushing Tomlinson to the ground. The release of this footage changed the course of events in the case: further post-mortem examinations found blunt force trauma to Tomlinson's body; the Independent Police Complaints Commission launched a criminal investigation; and a coronial …

Influencing the care pathway for prisoners with acute mental illness.

BACKGROUND: Despite improved mental health services in prisons in England and Wales, there are often delays in transferring acutely mentally ill prisoners to hospital, particularly in the London area. AIM: To establish whether clinical pathway interventions can reduce such transfer delays. METHODS: Two clinical pathway interventions - one based in a medium secure forensic hospital and the other in a remand prison (pre-trial/sentence) - were independently introduced to manage referrals of prisoners with acute mental illness in London, UK. Time taken to transfer to hospital was measured for ea…

Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD.

OBJECTIVES: Time series studies have shown adverse effects of outdoor air pollution on mortality and hospital admissions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but panel studies have been inconsistent. This study investigates short-term effects of outdoor nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter (PM(10)) and black smoke on exacerbations, respiratory symptoms and lung function in 94 patients with COPD in east London. METHODS: Patients were recruited from an outpatient clinic and were asked to complete daily diary cards (median follow-up 518 days) recor…

Дифференциация полов в слабости средневековой Англии.

В большинстве современных групп населения существуют различия в показателях заболеваемости и смертности по признаку пола, которые благоприятствуют женщинам. В этом исследовании рассматривается вопрос о том, имели ли женщины какие-либо существенные преимущества в средневековой Европе. В представленных здесь анализах рассматривается вопрос о том, сталкиваются ли мужчины и женщины, имеющие остеологические признаки стресса, с одинаковым риском смерти в средневековом Лондоне. Образец, использованный для этого исследования, взят с кладбища Черной Смерти Ист Смитфилда в Лондоне. Преимущество использо

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In most modern populations, there are sex differentials in morbidity and mortality that favor women. This study addresses whether such female advantages existed to any appreciable degree in medieval Europe. The analyses presented here examine whether men and women with osteological stress markers faced the same risks of death in medieval London. The sample u…