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Impact of community-directed treatment on soil transmitted helminth infections in children aged 12 to 59 months in Mazabuka District, Zambia.

This study assessed the impact of adding community-directed treatment (ComDT) to the routine health facility (HF)-based treatment on prevalence and intensity of soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections among children aged 12 to 59 months. Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted among randomly selected children of this age group from the intervention area (HF+ComDT area) and the comparison area (HF area) at baseline (n=986), 12 months (n=796) and 18 months (n=788) follow-up. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was significantly higher in the HF+ComDT as compared to the HF area at b

Ascaris lumbricoides intensity in relation to environmental, socioeconomic, and behavioral determinants of exposure to infection in children from southeast Madagascar.

Ascaris lumbricoides worm counts were examined as the outcome products of exposure proxy variables. A survey of 663 children, 4-10 yr old, living in southeastern Madagascar revealed prevalences of 93% for A. lumbricoides, 55% for Trichuris trichiura, and 27% for hookworm. Worm expulsions were conducted on 428 of these children; the data revealed an overdispersed distribution of A. lumbricoides, with an arithmetic mean of 19.2 worms per child. A concurrent socioeconomic household survey was conducted by visitation and interview. Exposure to infection was assessed by environmental, demographic,

Clinical assessment of coded Unani formulation D-worm and mebandazole for the treatment of hook worm, roundworm and whip worm.

A case control, multicenter, prospective randomized two arm parallel group clinical trials was conducted on 190 patients. The main objective of this study is to provide comparative efficacy results of both trialed medicines. The comparison was done in between herbal medicine D-Worm and Mebandazole allopathic drug for the treatment of helminthiasis. All the rules of GCP (Good Clinical Practices) were followed including clinical history, clinical presentation, examination findings and stool tests. Stool D/R and Parasite antigen tests were performed before and after treatment. The comparison of s

Antiproliferative effect of benzimidazole anthelmintics albendazole, ricobendazole, and flubendazole in intestinal cancer cell lines.

This study aimed to test the antiproliferative effect of three benzimidazole anthelmintics in intestinal cancer cells and to investigate whether these drugs, which inhibit tubulin polymerization, can potentiate the efficacy of the microtubule-stabilizing drug paclitaxel (PTX). Four intestinal cancer cell lines, SW480, SW620, HCT8, and Caco2, with different origins and growth characteristics were used. The antiproliferative effect of albendazole (ABZ), ricobendazole (RBZ), flubendazole (FLU), and their combinations with PTX was tested using three different end-point viability assays, cell cycle

[Human alveolar echinococcosis: an emerging zoonosis in Hungary and Europe].

Human alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the metacestode stage of Echinococcus multilocularis, is one of the most dangerous zoonoses in the temperate and arctic areas of northern hemisphere. The mortality of the disease exceeds 95% in untreated or inadequately treated patients. In the past three decades, the spread of this parasite was observed in Europe as a consequence of human interventions resulting in the population size increase of foxes. The authors demonstrated the presence of E. multilocularis in foxes in all northern counties of Hungary and the existence of hyperendemic regions in th

Humoral and cellular immunity in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. A 2 year follow-up with and without flubendazole treatment.

Parameters of humoral and cellular immunity were assessed in 12 patients with alveolar echinococcosis (AE) of the liver before, during and after discontinuation of treatment with flubendazole (FZ). In infected patients, before any medical treatment values of serum IgG, IgA, total haemolytic complement and C4 were significantly higher than those observed in control subjects; IgA levels were higher in jaundiced patients. Specific antibodies assayed by indirect haemagglutination and immunoelectrophoresis were present only in infected patients and were shown to decrease by the sixth month of treat

Flubendazole overcomes trastuzumab resistance by targeting cancer stem-like properties and HER2 signaling in HER2-positive breast cancer.

Although trastuzumab provides significant clinical benefit for HER2-positive breast cancers, responses are limited by the emergence of resistance. Trastuzumab resistance is a multi-factorial phenomenon thought to arise from the presence of cancer stem cells and interactions between truncated p95HER2 and HER family members. Flubendazole (FLU) is a potent anthelmintic agent with an exceptional safety profile. Evidence also suggests that it can act as an anticancer agent in several cancer cell types. We sought to investigate the effect of FLU on apoptosis, HER2/Akt signaling, breast cancer stem c

The antihelmintic flubendazole inhibits microtubule function through a mechanism distinct from Vinca alkaloids and displays preclinical activity in leukemia and myeloma.

On-patent and off-patent drugs with previously unrecognized anticancer activity could be rapidly repurposed for this new indication given their prior toxicity testing. To identify such compounds, we conducted chemical screens and identified the antihelmintic flubendazole. Flubendazole induced cell death in leukemia and myeloma cell lines and primary patient samples at nanomolar concentrations. Moreover, it delayed tumor growth in leukemia and myeloma xenografts without evidence of toxicity. Mechanistically, flubendazole inhibited tubulin polymerization by binding tubulin at a site distinct fro

Appreciation of school deworming program by parents in Ha Giang Province (Vietnam).

School-based deworming programs are one of the most cost-effective public health strategies to reach children with anthelminthics and health education. However, despite their low cost and high health impact, they are not implemented on a large scale. The present survey investigated a school-based deworming program in Ha Giang Province, Vietnam, to assess the community perception and support towards these programs. Information from 81 households, 88 primary school students, 25 teachers and 9 people in charge of commune health stations was collected by structured questionnaires. The survey displ

Imported echinococcosis in southern California.

A retrospective chart review conducted at two teaching hospitals in Los Angeles County identified 28 patients with infection due to Echinococcus granulosus diagnosed by positive echinococcal serology and/or tissue biopsy between January 1981 and December 1990. Of these patients, 25 (89%) were foreign born and 19 (68%) were immigrants from the Middle East or central Asia. Only 12 of 22 immigrants questioned about epidemiologic risk factors described a history of rural residence or direct exposure to dogs in their native country. Single cysts of liver, lung, and soft tissue were present in six o

Double Repositioning: Veterinary Antiparasitic to Human Anticancer.

Drug repositioning, the approach of discovering different uses for existing drugs, has gained enormous popularity in recent years in the anticancer drug discovery field due to the increasing demand for anticancer drugs. Additionally, the repurposing of veterinary antiparasitic drugs for the treatment of cancer is gaining traction, as supported by existing literature. A prominent example is the proposal to implement the use of veterinary antiparasitics such as benzimidazole carbamates and halogenated salicylanilides as novel anticancer drugs. These agents have revealed pronounced anti-tumor act

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… Repurposing Mebendazole for the Treatment of Medulloblastoma Neurosurgery 2015 76 N15 N16 10.1227/01.neu.0000460594.93803.cb 25594199 43. Larsen A.R. Bai R.-Y. Chung J. Borodovsky A. Rudin C. Riggins G.J. Bunz F. Repurposing the Antihelmintic Mebendazole as a Hedgehog Inhibitor Mol. … Mebendazole monotherapy and long-term disease control in metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma Endocr. Pract. 2011 17 e59 e62 10.4158/EP10390.CR 21454232 109. Nygren P. Larsson R. …

Massive gastrointestinal bleeding in infants with ascariasis.

Although infestation with Ascaris lumbricoides causes various intestinal complications, massive gastrointestinal bleeding is rare. The authors report on 2 infants who presented with massive hematemesis. In the first patient, a gastroduodenoscopy was performed. Roundworms were found adhering to an oozing duodenal ulcer. Duodenal perforation occurred after extraction of the parasites. The second case was hematemesis together with peritonitis. Exploration found volvulus and a gangrenous segment of the distal ileum. Both infants previously passed roundworms with their stool. The authors conclude t

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in the population of Central Asia on the example of inhabitants of Eastern Afghanistan.

BACKGROUND: Parasitic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are a major health problem worldwide, especially in the Third World countries, … fghanistan. This fact suggests that the WHO-recommended deworming strategy (a single dose of 500 mg mebendazole or 400 mg albendazole) needs to be reviewed and should be replaced by targeted antiparasitic chemotherapy (albendazole, metronidazole, praziquantel), following mass screening of the local population.

Differential effect of mass deworming and targeted deworming for soil-transmitted helminth control in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminth infections are a major global health issue, causing substantial morbidity in the world's poorest popul … 015, reporting soil-transmitted helminth prevalence before and after distribution of albendazole or mebendazole, either targeted to children or delivered to the whole community. We excluded studies in which drug delivery was restricted to infected individuals or to a subset of the community or school, or if follow-up time was less than 3 months or greater tha …

School-based iron and folic acid supplementation for adolescent girls: findings from Manica Province, Mozambique.

BACKGROUND: The 1997 Demographic and Health Survey in Mozambique shows that 47% of girls 15 to 19 years old living in Manica province (west-central Mozambique) are pregnant or have already had a child. A recent survey also shows that 45% of girls 10 to 18 years old attending school are anemic. Strategies are needed to build iron stores before pregnancy and to control seasonal and chronic iron deficiency and anemia in school-aged girls. OBJECTIVE: To assess the program effectiveness of two school-based weekly iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation regimes (5-month supplementation vs. 8-mont

Non-traumatic perforation of the small bowel.

BACKGROUND: Non-traumatic perforation of the small bowel is an uncommon serious complication associated with high morbidity and mortality. Diseases that cause small bowel perforation vary in different areas of the world. OBJECTIVE: To highlight difficulties in the diagnosis and management of non-traumatic perforation of small bowel. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical records of four patients who have presented with non-traumatic perforation of the small bowel and were treated at Al-Ain Hospital during the last 5 years were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: The presenting symptoms of all pati

Drug Repurposing for Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review.

Cancer ranks among the primary contributors to global mortality. In 2022, the global incidence of new cancer cases reached about 20 million, while the number of cancer-related fatalities reached 9.7 million. In Saudi Arabia, there were 13,399 deaths caused by cancer and 28,113 newly diagnosed cases of cancer. Drug repurposing is a drug discovery strategy that has gained special attention and implementation to enhance the process of drug development due to its time- and money-saving effect. It involves repositioning existing medications to new clinical applications. Cancer treatment is a therap

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… Mebendazole induces apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma by upregulating caspase 3, preventing cell division. … Mebendazole-treated rats show reduced tumor growth and angiogenesis, with a decreased incidence of metastases. …

Efficacy and safety of moxidectin and albendazole compared with ivermectin and albendazole coadministration in adolescents infected with Trichuris trichiura in Tanzania: an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial.

BACKGROUND: Control efforts against soil-transmitted helminths focus on preventive chemotherapy with albendazole and mebendazole, however these drugs yield unsatisfactory results against Trichuris trichiura infections. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of moxidectin and albendazole compared with ivermectin and albendazole against T trichiura in adolescents living on Pemba Island, Tanzania. METHODS: This open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial was done in four secondary schools (Kilindi, Kwale, Ndagoni [Chake Chake District], and Kiuyu [Wete District]) on …