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A regional consensus recommendation on brain atrophy as an outcome measure in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes leading to irreversible neurological impairment. Brain atrophy occurs early in the course of the disease at a rate greater than the general population. Brain volume loss (BVL) is associated with disability progression and cognitive impairment in patients with MS; hence its value as a potential target in monitoring and treating MS is discussed. METHODS: A group of MS neurologists and neuro-radiologists reviewed the current literature on brain atrophy and discussed t…

Immunostimulation by induced expression of NKG2D and its MIC ligands in HTLV-1-associated neurologic disease.

The NKG2D receptor costimulates effector/memory CD8 T cells and is normally absent on CD4 T cells but can be induced by T cell antigen recep … araparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that resembles multiple sclerosis. Disease progression involves production of IL-15 and its receptor through transactivation by the viral Tax regulator protein, an activated immune response state, and local cytokine production and T cell fratricide by Tax-specific cytotoxic T lympho …

Longitudinal Metabolite Changes in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Study of 3 Potential Neuroprotective Treatments.

BACKGROUND: 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) may provide a direct index for the testing of medicines for neuroprotection and drug mechanisms in multiple sclerosis (MS) through measures of total N-acetyl-aspartate (tNAA), total creatine (tCr), myo-inositol (mIns), total-choline (tCho), and glutamate + glutamine (Glx). Neurometabolites may be associated with clinical disability with evidence that baseline neuroaxonal integrity is associated with upper limb function and processing speed in secondary progressive MS (SPMS). PURPOSE: To assess the effect on neurometabolites from three ca…

Predictors of quality of life in carers for people with a progressive neurological illness: a longitudinal study.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present research was to determine the predictors of quality of life (QOL) among carers for people living with a chronic degenerative neurological illness, with comparisons of the differences in significant predictors of QOL between illness groups. METHODS: Psychosocial and economic variables were examined among 192 carers for people living at home with motor neurone disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's, over a twelve-month period, to determine their contribution to the prediction of carer QOL. RESULTS: Mood was the only consistent predict…

Spreading of autoimmunity from central to peripheral myelin: two cases of clinical association between multiple sclerosis and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

Demyelinating inflammatory diseases of central and peripheral myelin share similar aetiopathogenesis but rarely occur simultaneously in the same individual. Here we report two clinical cases of temporal association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Our finding supports the hypothesis that clinically manifested central and peripheral demyelinating diseases could result from a common pathogenic event characterised by T-cell autoimmunity spreading from central to peripheral myelin.

More severe neurologic deficits in SJL/J male than female mice following Theiler's virus-induced CNS demyelination.

Although multiple sclerosis (MS) is more prevalent in women than men, male MS patients develop more severe clinical symptoms and deteriorate faster than female patients. We investigated the differences in CNS demyelinating disease between SJL/J male and female mice following Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection. Infected female mice had consistently higher serum levels of virus-specific IgG at 14 and 21 days and and 7 months postinfection, which resulted in less infectious virus in CNS. All male mice infected for 6 to 7 months developed paralysis, with 50% displaying bilat…

Serum glial fibrillary acid protein associates with TSPO-expressing lesions in multiple sclerosis brain.

BACKGROUND: Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) is a promising biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression. Elevated sGFAP levels are considered to reflect ongoing astrocyte-related pathology in the central nervous system. OBJECTIVES: To study whether sGFAP levels associate with 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) availability in MS brain. TSPO is a mitochondrial molecule that is expressed by activated microglia and astrocytes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional multimodal biomarker correlation study. METHODS: We included 80 people with MS (66 relapsing-remitting and 14 progress…

Иммуноэксциотоксичность как возможная основная патофизиология, лежащая в основе множественного склероза и других аутоиммунных расстройств.

Аутоиммунные расстройства представляют собой разрушительные процессы, которые считаются атакой на «само» антигены иммунной системы CD+4 T-клеток, которые направлены на антигены, в случае множественного склероза (MS), особенно миелиновых антигенов. Тем не менее все больше фактов свидетельствует о том, что основные разрушительные явления в MS, а также другие аутоиммунные расстройства нецентральной нервной системы (КНС) представляют собой гораздо больше, чем иммунную атаку на CNS, вызванную неправильно управляемой иммунной системой, которая нападает на « само » антиген или антигены в результате п

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Autoimmune disorders are destructive processes considered to be an attack on "self " antigens by the immune system CD-+4 T-cells that are directed toward antigens, in the case of multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly myelin antigens. Yet, there is growing evidence that the major destructive events in MS, as well as other non-central nervous system (CNS) auto…

Vitamin B6 status is related to disease severity and modulated by endurance exercise in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Low circulating concentrations of B vitamins are linked to various chronic and neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (vitamin B6) deficiency is linked to altered inflammatory responses and cellular immune function, both critical in multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, most MS research has focused on folate (vitamin B9) and vitamin B12, leaving other B vitamins understudied. OBJECTIVES: This secondary analysis investigated B-vitamin serum concentrations and related metabolites across MS phenotypes (primary progressive MS, relapsing-remitting MS, and secondar…

[Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: revision of the McDonald criteria 2017].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) largely affecting young adults. The diagnosis of MS is based on two pillars: 1) detection of the spatial and temporal dissemination of focal neurological deficits and 2) exclusion of important differential diagnoses. The current revision of the diagnostic criteria (McDonald 2017) also follows these principles, takes new data on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into account and reintroduces the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnostics for relapsing-remitting forms. The main priority i…

Injectable interferon beta-1b for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease with either a progressive (10%-15%) or relapsing-remitting (85%-90%) course. The pathological hallmarks of MS are lesions of both white and grey matter in the central nervous system. The onset of the disease is usually around 30 years of age. The patients experience an acute focal neurologic dysfunction which is not characteristic, followed by partial or complete recovery. Acute episodes of neurologic dysfunction with diverse signs and symptoms will then recur throughout the life of a patient, with periods of partial or …

The effect of interferon-beta1a on relapses and progression of disability in patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: In 85% of young adults with multiple sclerosis (MS), onset is a subacute clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) of the optic nerves, brain stem or spinal cord. The advent of disease-modifying treatments for MS has increased attention on early stages of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of interferon on relapses and progression of disability in patients with a CIS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized, clinical trial was conducted in 25 patients who presented with a CIS indicative of MS. They were evaluated in two groups: 11 patients who were rec…

Siponimod (BAF312) prevents synaptic neurodegeneration in experimental multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Data from multiple sclerosis (MS) and the MS rodent model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), highlighted an inflammation-dependent synaptopathy at the basis of the neurodegenerative damage causing irreversible disability in these disorders. This synaptopathy is characterized by an imbalance between glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission and has been proposed to be a potential therapeutic target. Siponimod (BAF312), a selective sphingosine 1-phosphate1,5 receptor modulator, is currently under investigation in a clinical trial in secondary progressive MS patients. We…

Конвергенция глобальных эпидемий: диабет как модулятор нейродегенеративных и нейро-воспалительных расстройств.

Диабет меллитус (ДМ) и неврологические расстройства быстро совпадают с глобальным бременем на здоровье, обусловленным старением населения, растущей распространенностью метаболического синдрома, а также ограниченностью возможностей раннего обнаружения и коррекции заболеваний для многих неврологических синдромов. Помимо своей устоявшейся роли в периферической нейропатии, связанной с диабетом, DM все чаще используется в качестве изменяющего фактора риска, фенотипа и прогнозирования широкого спектра заболеваний центральной и периферической нервной системы. В ходе этого обзора мы обобщаем текущие э

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and neurological disorders are rapidly converging global health burdens, driven by population ageing, the growing pre … ), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), multiple sclerosis (MS), myasthenia gravis (MG), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Across these conditions, DM acts as a context-dependent disease modifier, increasing risk in some disorders, appearing protective or delaying onset in others, and infl …

Ось микробиота-гут-мозгов в психических и нейродегенеративных расстройствах: возможности для профилактики и вмешательства.

Ось микробиота-гут-мозгов (MMBA) все чаще признается в качестве одного из важнейших регуляторов состояния мозга, влияющих как на нейроразвитие, так и на возрастной неврологический спад. Разрушения в этой оси, вызванные дисбиозом кишечника, были связаны с патогенезом широкого спектра нейродегенеративных и нейропсихиатрических расстройств. В настоящем обзоре обобщены текущие данные, связывающие изменения микробиота с болезнью Альцгеймера (AD), болезнью Паркинсона (PD), амиотропическим боковым склерозом (ALS), множественным склерозом (MS) и инсультом, включая посттравматическое когнитивное расстр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is increasingly recognized as a critical regulator of brain health, influencing both neurodevelopment a … rations to Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and stroke-including post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), as well as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Common findings incl …

Cost-of-Illness Progression Before and After Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study in Sweden of People Newly Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis and a Population-Based Matched Reference Group.

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease associated with increased healthcare utilisation and productivity losses.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the progression of healthcare costs and productivity losses before and after diagnosis of MS in comparison to that of a population-based matched reference group.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide, Swedish register-based cohort study of working-aged people with MS diagnosed in 2010-12 (n = 1988) and population-based matched references without MS (n = 7981). Nine years of observation spanned from 4 years prior (Y-4) to 4…

A Case of Multiple Sclerosis-Like Relapsing Remitting Encephalomyelitis Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and a Review of the Published Literature.

Complications involving the central nervous system (CNS) occur in 9-14% of patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), including stroke-like episodes, demyelination, encephalitis, and nonspecific neurological symptoms. Here we report a case of multiple sclerosis (MS) like relapsing remitting encephalomyelitis following allogeneic HSCT, which did not respond to disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and "domino" autologous HSCT. A 53-year-old male was treated with allogeneic HSCT for lymphoid blast transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia. Ten months later he pre…

Identification of commensal gut microbiota signatures as predictors of clinical severity and disease progression in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults. Clinical presentation and disease course are highly heterogeneous. Typically, disease progression occurs over time and is characterized by the gradual accumulation of disability. The risk of developing MS is driven by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, including the gut microbiome. How the commensal gut microbiota impacts disease severity and progression over time remains unknown. In a longitudinal study, disability s…

Investigating the Prevalence of Comorbidity in Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trial Populations.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Comorbidity is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) with the most prevalent conditions being depression, anxiety, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Limited information regarding the representation of comorbidity status is available from phase III clinical trials in MS leading to concern about the potential underrepresentation of individuals with comorbidity in clinical trials. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of comorbidities in MS clinical trial populations. METHODS: Individual-level data from multiple sponsors were requested for a 2-stage meta-analysis of…

The Role of TDP-43 in Military-Relevant TBI and Chronic Neurodegeneration.

Due largely to the use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and other explosives in recent military conflicts, blast-related TBI has emerged as a prominent injury sustained by warfighters. In the recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been one of the most common types of injury sustained by soldiers and military personnel; of the ~380,000 TBIs reported in service members from 2000 to 2017, 82.3% were classified as mild (mTBI). While mTBI is associated with normal structural imaging, brief or no loss of consciousness, and rapid recovery of mental state, mTBI can