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Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection or Mixed Infection with Scrub Typhus in South Korea in 2000-2003.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is a tick-borne viral disease, with a high mortality rate that was first reported in China in 2009. Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a bacterium transmitted to humans through chigger mite bites. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and scrub typhus are endemic to South Korea. To investigate evidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection or mixed infection with scrub typhus in South Korea, we examined 2,329 sera samples collected from patients presenting from November 1,…

[Study on the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of scrub typhus in the autumn-winter natural foci, from 2006 to 2013].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the spatiotemporal expansion and risk factors of scrub typhus (ST) in Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. METHODS: Based on the reported cases in Shandong and Jiangsu from 2006 to 2013, and Anhui from 2008 to 2013 epidemiological characteristics of ST and associated environmental factors were analyzed, using the panel negative binomial regression model. RESULTS: A total of 2 968, 2 331 and 3 447 ST cases were respectively reported in Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui during 2006-2013, with the average annual incidence rates as 0.39, 0.38 and 0.94 per 100 000 population…

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of an outbreak with scrub typhus in previously unrecognized areas, Jiangsu province, China 2013.

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, has emerged recently in Jingjiang City, China where the disease had not been known to exist. We analyzed epidemiological data, clinical characteristics and risk factors of scrub typhus outbreak in Jingjiang City, 2013. The 271 clinically diagnosed patients were predominantly farmers 50 to 69 years old and the peak of onset was early to mid-November. For the 187 laboratory-confirmed cases, the major clinical manifestations of the patients were fever (100%), eschar (88.2%), rash (87.7%), chills (87.7%), and headache (66.8%). A community-based case-…

Field assessment of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in small mammals and its association with the occurrence of human scrub typhus in Taiwan.

We conducted an extensive study in Taiwan of Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT) infection in small wild mammals. Field trapping was carried out at … 34.3%) of 797 animals. Excluding animals in the Suncus murinus group, the antibody positive rate of scrub typhus was 69.1% (477 of 690 of serum samples). The prevalence of OT infection in animals from areas with a low incidence of human cases of scrub typhus was significantly lower than that in rodents obtained from regions with a high incidence of human cases …

Scrub typhus-associated severe hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with encephalomyelitis leading to permanent sequelae: a case report and review of the literature.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal disorder. There have been a few reports on HLH secondary to scrub typhus in adults. Here, we describe the case of a 9-year-old Korean girl who presented with the typical findings of HLH. Despite adequate antirickettsial and HLH treatment, the neurological impairment worsened and remained. This is the first case report of severe neurological impairment resulting from the very rare association of HLH with scrub typhus. Therefore, in endemic areas, a high index of suspicion for scrub typhus is warranted in patients presentin…

Orientia tsutsugamushi stimulates an original gene expression program in monocytes: relationship with gene expression in patients with scrub typhus.

Orientia tsutsugamushi is the causal agent of scrub typhus, a public health problem in the Asia-Pacific region and a life-threatening disease. O. tsutsugamushi is an obligate intracellular bacterium that mainly infects endothelial cells. We demonstrated here that O. tsutsugamushi also replicated in monocytes isolated from healthy donors. In addition, O. tsutsugamushi altered the expression of more than 4,500 genes, as demonstrated by microarray analysis. The expression of type I interferon, interferon-stimulated genes and genes associated with the M1 polarization of macrophages was significant…

Сопоставление экспресс-диагностического теста и микроиммунофлюоресценции для обнаружения антитела в организме пациентов с скрубами тифа в Китае.

ЦЕЛЬ: Оценить обнаружение антител IgM и IgG на основе экспресс-диагностического теста (RDT) и микроиммунофлюоресценции (MIFA). МЕТОДЫ: RDT с использованием смеси рекомбинантных протеинов 56 кДа из О. цуцугамуши и МИФА были выполнены 20 пациентов из Фуцзян и 13 пациентов из провинции Юньнань, а также 82 образца серы от здоровых фермеров в провинции Анхуй и городе Пекин в 2009 году. Сопоставление результатов анализа RDT и MIFA проводилось с использованием испытания X(2), а уровень P <0,05 был признан значимым. Результаты: Из этих 82 обычных образцов сера специфичность RDT была 100% для ИгМ и IgG

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) a … mples, the specificity of RDT was 100% for both IgM and IgG tests. In 33 samples from patients with scrub typhus, 5 cases were positively detected earlier by RDT than by mIFA in IgM test, and 2 cases were positive in IgG test. Sensitivities of RDT were 93.9% and 90.9% for IgM and IgG, respectively. The sensitivity of combination test of IgM and IgG was 100%. G …

Accuracy of AccessBio Immunoglobulin M and Total Antibody Rapid Immunochromatographic Assays for the Diagnosis of Acute Scrub Typhus Infection.

Using archived samples, we assessed the diagnostic capacity of a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi IgM and total antibodies to aid with the diagnosis of acute scrub typhus infection in febrile patients in Laos. The sensitivity and the specificity of the ICT for the detection of IgM were 96.8% (121/125 samples; 95% confidence interval [CI], 92.1 to 99.1%) and 93.3% (98/105 samples; 95% CI, 86.7 to 97.3%), respectively. For the detection of total antibodies, the sensitivity was 97.6% (122/125 samples; 95% CI, 93.1 to 99.5%), but the specificity wa…

Follow-up analysis on the epidemic strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi in the first outbreak of scrub typhus in Henan Province, China.

To obtain knowledge of the genetic characteristics and types of the epidemic strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi in the first outbreak of scrub typhus in Henan Province, genus and type-specific primers were employed to amplify a fragment of the gene of 56 kDa protein. Serotyping demonstrated that, of the 19 patients [15 patients in recovery phase (10-40 days) and 4 of patients in acute phase (1-7 days)], 4 were infected with Gilliam type, 8 with Kato type, 6 with Karp type, and 1 with an unknown type. Successful genotyping was obtained for only 3 patients, indicating that 2 were infected with Ka…

Development and preliminary evaluation of an IgM dot-immunobinding assay (IgM-DIA) for rapid serodiagnosis of scrub typhus infection.

An IgM dot-immunobinding assay (IgM-DIA) was developed for the diagnosis of scrub typhus infection. The whole cell antigens of Karp, Kato and Gilliam strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi were immobilized onto nitrocellulose paper and reacted with patients sera. The presence of IgM R. tsutsugamushi specific antibody in the patient sera could be detected by the observation of a visible brown dot on the nitrocellulose paper. The IgM-DIA has a sensitivity of 90.4% and specificity of 81.4% as compared to the indirect immunoperoxidase test. The IgM-DIA is rapid, simple, cost-effective, does not requi…

In vitro effectiveness of azithromycin against doxycycline-resistant and -susceptible strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, etiologic agent of scrub typhus.

In an effort to find a potential alternative treatment for scrub typhus, we evaluated the effectiveness of the standard drug doxycycline and the new macrolide azithromycin against a doxycycline-susceptible strain (Karp) and a doxycycline-resistant strain (AFSC-4) of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. The antibiotics were tested in an in vitro assay system in which infected mouse fibroblast cells (L929) were incubated for 3 days in various concentrations of the drugs. Rickettsial growth was evaluated by direct visual counts of rickettsiae in Giemsastained cells or by flow cytometry. Initial tests were c…

Как отличить педиатрический энтеровиральный менингоэнцефалит от скруба тифа менингоэнцефалита: одноцентральное ретроспективное исследование из провинции Юньнань, Китай.

В сезон эпидемии летом-осенью педиатрический скруб тиф (ST) и энтеровиральный менингоэнцефалит (EV), часто встречающийся с совпадающими клиническими проявлениями и рутинными цереброспинарными жидкостями (CSF), что затрудняет раннюю дифференционную диагностику и замедляет соответствующее лечение. Практические диагностические стратегии, основанные на легкодоступных параметрах, отсутствуют. ЦЕЛЬ: Оценка того, могут ли общие клинические и лабораторные показатели проводить различие между педиатром ST менингоэнцефалитом и ЭВ менингоэнцефалитом.МЕТОДЫ: Это одноцентральное ретроспективное когортное ис

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: During the summer-autumn epidemic season, pediatric scrub typhus meningoencephalitis (ST) and enteroviral meningoencephalitis (EV) often present with overlapping clinical manifestations and routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, making early differential diagnosis challenging and delaying appropriate treatment. Practical diagnostic strategie…

Ectoparasite diversity and Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in rodent hosts from scrub typhus-endemic areas of the Western Himalayas, India.

Scrub typhus has re-emerged as an important public health concern in Himachal Pradesh, India, and is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Effective control efforts are limited by outdated data on ectoparasite vectors and infection rates among reservoir hosts in this endemic region of the Western Himalayas. We conducted a comprehensive field study across eight districts of Himachal Pradesh to examine ectoparasite diversity associated with rodents and shrews in an area endemic for scrub typhus. Small mammals such as rodents and shrews were trapped, and their ectoparasites were collected and morphol…

Role of Adjunctive corticoSTEROIDs on clinical outcomes in severe Scrub typhus pneumonitis: ASTEROIDS study protocol - a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have demonstrated a beneficial role of steroids in severe community-acquired pneumonia, severe COVID-19 infection and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of diverse aetiology. This multicentre randomised controlled trial in severe scrub typhus pneumonitis and ARDS will compare the effects of 6 mg of dexamethasone once per day with placebo, in addition to standard treatment, on ventilator-free days (VFD), mortality and ventilatory requirement. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study, involving six sites, will recruit 440 patients with severe scrub typhus pneumonitis…

Neurological Manifestations of Scrub Typhus Infection in Pediatric Patient: A Case Report From Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India.

Scrub typhus is a neglected tropical bacterial disease endemic in central India which can manifest as meningitis/meningoencephalitis in children. It is difficult to diagnose clinically, especially in the absence of eschar or rash. Scrub typhus is seldom considered the differential diagnosis of meningitis in the Indian subcontinent. Appropriate investigations can lead to early detection of infection and initiation of correct antibiotic treatment leading to better patient prognosis even when features of meningitis supervene. Here, we report a pediatric case of scrub typhus meningitis that could …

Molecular Detection of Multiple Genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi Causing Scrub Typhus in Febrile Patients from Theni District, South India.

Scrub typhus (St) is a re-emerging mite-transmitted public health problem in Southeast Asia with escalating case incidences in the endemic areas. Though, more than 40 genotypes of the causative agent Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot) have been documented, the information on the circulating genotypes in India is scanty. A hospital-based retrospective screening was undertaken to map the circulating molecular subtypes of the etiological agent in serologically confirmed scrub typhus (St) human cases, by targeting the GroEL gene of O. tsutsugamushi using the nested polymerase chain reaction method. Nine …

How meteorological factors impacting on scrub typhus incidences in the main epidemic areas of 10 provinces, China, 2006-2018.

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a serious public health problem in the Asia-Pacific region, threatening the health of more than one billion people. China is one of the countries with the most serious disease burden of scrub typhus. Previous epidemiological evidence indicated that meteorological factors may affect the incidence of scrub typhus, but there was limited evidence for the correlation between local natural environment factors dominated by meteorological factors and scrub typhus. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between monthly scrub typhus incidence and …

mNGS helped diagnose scrub typhus presenting as a urinary tract infection with high D-dimer levels: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus is caused by O. tsutsugamushi and spreads through mite larvae biting the skin. Classic symptoms of the disease are eschar and lymphadenopathy. Previous reports have revealed clinical manifestations of scrub typhus, including gastrointestinal symptoms, meningoencephalitis, ocular flutter, pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and acute kidney injury. However, cases of scrub typhus presenting as a urinary tract infection (UTI) with high D-dimer levels could be easily misdiagnosed when clinical attention is insufficient, resulting in difficulty in making a tim…

High-resolution computed tomography findings of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) infection: comparison with scrub typhus.

BACKGROUND: Swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) infection and scrub typhus, also known as tsutsugamushi disease can manifest as acute respiratory illnesses, particularly during the late fall or early winter, with similar radiographic findings, such as a predominance of ground-glass opacity (GGO). PURPOSE: To differentiate S-OIV infection from scrub typhus using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the HRCT findings of 14 patients with S-OIV infection and 10 patients with scrub typhus. We assessed the location, cross-sectional…