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Antidepressants and the risk of abnormal bleeding during spinal surgery: a case–control study.

INTRODUCTION: Antidepressant medications are widely used by patients requiring spinal surgery. In spite of a generally favorable safety prof … or anterior/posterior lumbar fusion. Blood loss was also higher in the subgroup of patients taking bupropion (708 cc, p = 0.023) compared with the control group. The mean length of hospital stay was 33.3% greater in patients on antidepressant medications compared to patients not taking an antidepressant (mean of 4 vs. 3 days, respectively, p = 0.0001). Ant …

Smoking quit success genotype score predicts quit success and distinct patterns of developmental involvement with common addictive substances.

Genotype scores that predict relevant clinical outcomes may detect other disease features and help direct prevention efforts. We report data that validate a previously established v1.0 smoking cessation quit success genotype score and describe striking differences in the score in individuals who display differing developmental trajectories of use of common addictive substances. In a cessation study, v1.0 genotype scores predicted ability to quit with P=0.00056 and area under receiver-operating characteristic curve 0.66. About 43% vs 13% quit in the upper vs lower genotype score terciles. Laten

[Nicotine addiction and current therapy of smoking cessation].

Nicotine is defined as substance which provokes addiction because it creates both physiological and biochemical modifications in the nervous system stimulating the activity of dopaminergic neurons releasing dopamine in the areas of the brain that control pleasure. In this paper, after a short overview of neurobiological and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathway of nicotine addiction, the main therapies, used in order to provide support to smokers who decide to reduce their cigarette consumption or to quit smoking, are examined. These therapies can be enclosed in the following categories:

Individual Differences in Response to Antidepressants: A Meta-analysis of Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trials.

IMPORTANCE: Antidepressants are commonly used worldwide to treat major depressive disorder. Symptomatic response to antidepressants can vary … ne reuptake inhibitors: desvenlafaxine and venlafaxine; norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor: bupropion; noradrenergic agents: amitriptyline and reboxetine; and other antidepressants: agomelatine, mirtazapine, and trazodone), and publication year. RESULTS: In the 87 eligible randomized placebo-controlled trials (17 540 unique participants), there was …

Gemfibrozil-induced myositis in a patient with normal renal function.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of gemfibrozil monotherapy-induced myositis in a patient with normal renal function CASE SUMMARY: A 68-year-old white man presented to his primary care clinic complaining of a 6-month history of total body pain. His past medical history was significant for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, benign prostatic hypertrophy, arthritis, impotence, and pancreatic cancer that required excision of part of his pancreas. His home drug regimen included bupropion 75 mg twice daily, gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily for the past 8 mo…

Understanding Stimulant Use and Use Disorders in a New Era.

Extending from the triple wave epidemic of opioid-related overdose deaths, a fourth wave of high mortality involving methamphetamine and cocaine use has been gathering force. This article provides a review of the published literature on stimulants including epidemiology, pharmacology, neurobiology, medical and psychiatric consequences, withdrawal management, and medical and behavioral treatments.

What predicts attrition in second step medication treatments for depression?: a STAR*D Report.

Attrition rates are high during treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), and patients who drop out are less likely to reach remission. This report evaluates the incidence, timing, and predictors of attrition during second-step medication treatment. Outpatients in the multisite Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study receiving a medication augmentation (n=563) or medication switch (n=723) for non-psychotic MDD after an unsatisfactory outcome with citalopram were evaluated to determine attrition rates and pretreatment sociodemographic or clinical predictors of

An open-label trial of aripiprazole augmentation for treatment-resistant generalized anxiety disorder.

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Struck from behind: maintaining quality of life with chronic low back pain.

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Treatment of nicotine addiction.

The best available data show smoking to be by far the most important cause of disease and death in our society, contributing to an average of 1000 deaths every day. Although a large majority of current smokers express a desire to quit, the majority of "self-help" attempts to quit are not successful. Further, most smokers indicate never having received advice on cessation from healthcare providers. The combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions, even on a minimal level, have been shown to be effective in cessation. Such strategies are certainly highly cost-effective, given the

Rediscovering trazodone for the treatment of major depressive disorder.

Trazodone is a triazolopyridine derivative that belongs to the class of serotonin receptor antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs). The drug is approved and marketed in several countries worldwide for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adult patients. In clinical studies, trazodone has demonstrated comparable antidepressant activity to other drug classes, including tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Moreover, the SARI action of trazodone may overcome the

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… After 6 weeks, overall efficacy according to HAM-D and CGI-S scores was similar between the trazodone IR and bupropion groups. However, improvements in HAM-D and CGI-S scores on day 7 were significantly greater with trazodone versus bupropion due to the beneficial effects on sleep with trazodone. … At the end of treatment, 46 % and 58 % of patients were considered to be much/very much improved in the trazodone and bupropion groups, respectively [ 45 ]. …

Effectiveness of a Conversational Chatbot (Dejal@bot) for the Adult Population to Quit Smoking: Pragmatic, Multicenter, Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial in Primary Care.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco addiction is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, but only 1 in 20 cessation attempts is … 51/271, 18.8%; odds ratio 1.52, 95% CI 1.00-2.31; P=.05). After adjusting for basal CO-oximetry and bupropion intake, no substantial changes were observed (odds ratio 1.52, 95% CI 0.99-2.33; P=.05; pseudo-R2=0.045). In the IG, 61.2% (148/242) of users accessed the chatbot, average chatbot-patient interaction time was 121 (95% CI 121.1-140.0) minutes, and av …

Medication treatment of bipolar disorder 2000: a summary of the expert consensus guidelines.

The original Expert Consensus Guidelines on the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder were published in 1996. Since that time, a variety of new trea … e depression, the experts recommend combining a standard antidepressant with lithium or divalproex. Bupropion, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and venlafaxine are preferred antidepressants. The antidepressants should usually be tapered 2-6 months after remission. Monotherapy with divalproex is recommended for the initial treatment of either …

[Pharmacological treatment of delusional depression].

Delusional depression is characterised by the presence of symptoms such as hallucinations (typically auditory) and delusions either mood con … amoxapine leads to positive results in 70-80% of cases. Very good results have also been noted with bupropione (300-750 mg/day) after only a week of therapy. A complete symptomatological remission has been observed with 1-Dopa (1000 mg/day). The relatively low number of delusional depressive patients treated with SSRI to date does not allow to draw any cons …

Ontology-based collection, representation and analysis of drug-associated neuropathy adverse events.

BackgroundNeuropathy often occurs following drug treatment such as chemotherapy. Severe instances of neuropathy can result in cessation of life-saving chemotherapy treatment.ResultsTo support data representation and analysis of drug-associated neuropathy adverse events (AEs), we developed the Ontology of Drug Neuropathy Adverse Events (ODNAE). ODNAE extends the Ontology of Adverse Events (OAE). Our combinatorial approach identified 215 US FDA-licensed small molecule drugs that induce signs and symptoms of various types of neuropathy. ODNAE imports related drugs from the Drug Ontology (DrON) wi

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… Specifically, a ‘drug-associated neuropathy AE’ (e.g., ‘bupropion-associated neuropathy AE’) occurs after (‘preceded_by’) an administration of a drug (e.g., Bupropion Oral Tablet or Aplezin) in a ‘human’ patient. … The drug has a proper component of a molecular entity (e.g., bupropion). The drug also has a specific role in a biological process. …

Pharmacogenetics studies in STAR*D: strengths, limitations, and results.

Several lines of evidence support an important genetic contribution to the wide individual variation in therapeutic response to antidepressant medications. The Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study provided the largest cohort assembled to date of DNA from patients with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder, uniformly treated with citalopram and followed prospectively for up to 12 weeks. This pivotal study changed the face of pharmacogenetics research by increasing the sample size by an order of magnitude as well as by providing detailed prospective information

Marine Natural Products, Multitarget Therapy and Repurposed Agents in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and nerve cell death that affects, mainly, older people. After decades of investigation, the search for an efficacious treatment for AD remains and several strategies can be and are being employed in this journey. In this review, four of the most promising strategies, alongside with its most promising agents under investigation or development are highlighted. Marine natural products (MNP) are a source of unique chemical structures with useful biological activities for

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… To increase its plasma levels, a combination of dextromethorphan and bupropion was established creating the agent AXS-05. … Bupropion is a noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor with an ability to inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 and, consequently, in combination with dextromethorphan, increases its plasma levels [ 95 ]. …

The Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Medication Treatment of Bipolar Disorder 2000.

OBJECTIVES: New treatments for bipolar disorder have been reported since we first published survey-based expert consensus guidelines in 1996 … or more severe depression, a standard antidepressant should be combined with lithium or divalproex. Bupropion, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and venlafaxine are preferred antidepressants, and should be tapered 2 to 6 months after remission. Divalproex monotherapy is recommended for initial treatment of either depression or mania with rapi …

A combined smoking cessation intervention within a lung cancer screening trial: a pilot observational study.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The time of lung cancer screening may provide the ideal setting to discuss and initiate a smoking cessation plan that includes pharmacologic aids. No studies to date have fully investigated the potential effectiveness of such combined approach. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the biochemically verified 1-year continuous abstinence rate from smoking of 187 persistent smokers enrolled within the Multicentric Italian Lung Detection Trial (MILD), who received a pharmacologic aid to quit smoking with varenicline along with behavioral counseling. The propensity of study sub

Tobacco dependence treatment in patients with heart and lung disease: implications for intervention and review of pharmacological therapy.

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