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Assessing Lifetime Cancer Risk Associated with Population Exposure to PM-Bound PAHs and Carcinogenic Metals in Three Mid-Latitude Metropolitan Cities.

Lifetime cancer risk characterization of ambient PM-bound carcinogenic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were examined in the cities of Los Angeles (USA), Thessaloniki (Greece) and Milan (Italy), which share similar Mediterranean climates but are different in their urban emission sources and governing air quality regulations. The samples in Milan and Thessaloniki were mostly dominated by biomass burning activities whereas the particles collected in Los Angeles were primary impacted by traffic emissions. We analyzed the ambient PM2.5 mass concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Hexavale

Olive Oil Improves While Trans Fatty Acids Further Aggravate the Hypomethylation of LINE-1 Retrotransposon DNA in an Environmental Carcinogen Model.

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that is crucial for mammalian development and genomic stability. Aberrant DNA methylation changes have been detected not only in malignant tumor tissues; the decrease of global DNA methylation levels is also characteristic for aging. The consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as part of a balanced diet shows preventive effects against age-related diseases and cancer. On the other hand, consuming trans fatty acids (TFA) increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate the LINE-1 retrotranspo

Characterization of genetic polymorphisms in oral cancer-related genes pertaining to oxidative stress, carcinogen detoxifying, and DNA repair: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: The genetic polymorphism in the DNA repair and maintenance genes leads to mutations and deregulated growth hormones which have implications in cancer. Apart from identified carcinogens such as tobacco, specific genetic polymorphisms correspond to an individual's risk of oral cancer. The current study aims at identification of differences in genetic polymorphisms in subjects with and without oral cancer in Karad, India. AIM/OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to characterize genetic polymorphisms in oral cancer-related genes pertaining to oxidative stress, carcinogen detoxifying, …

Exposures to IARC Carcinogenic Agents in Work Settings Not Traditionally Associated with Sinonasal Cancer Risk: The Experience of the Italian National Sinonasal Cancer Registry.

The aim of this study is to highlight tasks and jobs not commonly considered at high risk for sinonasal cancer (SNC) identified by Regional Operating Centers currently active in the Italian National Sinonasal Cancer Registry (ReNaTuNS), which retrieve occupational histories through a standardized questionnaire. Data on exposures to IARC carcinogenic agents in work settings unknown to be associated with SNC risk were collected and analyzed. Out of 2,208 SNC cases recorded in the ReNaTuNS database, 216 cases and their worked exposure periods were analyzed. Unsuspected jobs with exposure to wood

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… (i.e., unknown for exposure to such carcinogens). … The IARC recently reaffirmed that the occupational exposure of hairdressers and barbers is “probably carcinogenic” and that, globally, there is “limited evidence” on this carcinogenicity [ 32 ]. …

The Effect of NNK, A Tobacco Smoke Carcinogen, on the miRNA and Mismatch DNA Repair Expression Profiles in Lung and Head and Neck Squamous Cancer Cells.

Tobacco smoking is a common risk factor for lung cancer and head and neck cancer. Molecular changes such as deregulation of miRNA expression have been linked to tobacco smoking in both types of cancer. Dysfunction of the Mismatch DNA repair (MMR) mechanism has also been associated with a poor prognosis of these cancers, while a cross-talk between specific miRNAs and MMR genes has been previously proposed. We hypothesized that exposure of lung and head and neck squamous cancer cells (NCI and FaDu, respectively) to tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)

Discovery of Carcinogenic Liver Fluke Metacercariae in Second Intermediate Hosts and Surveillance on Fish-Borne Trematode Metacercariae Infections in Mekong Region of Myanmar.

Countries of lower Mekong regions are highly alarmed by the spread of fish-borne trematode infections, i.e., small liver flukes and minute intestinal flukes especially in Thailand, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar. Moreover; the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma has also been increasing in the endemic area of liver fluke infections. Only a few reports have been published concerning the fish-borne trematodes infections in the central region of Myanmar. However; there is still a lack of information regarding the status of trematodes infections in second int

Carcinogen Metabolism Pathway and Tumor Suppressor Gene Polymorphisms and Gallbladder Cancer Risk in North Indians: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND: Carcinogen metabolism pathway and tumor suppressor gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with increased gallbladder cancer risk. However, the association of genetic variants and gallbladder cancer risk in Indians are not well studied. We examined whether genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes cytochrome P450 1A1 and glutathione S-transferase and tumor suppressor gene p53 (TP53) are associated with an increased risk of gallbladder cancer in North Indians. METHODS: This hospital-based case-control study was conducted in 96 gallbladder cancer patients with gallst

High Level of Tobacco Carcinogen-Derived DNA Damage in Oral Cells Is an Independent Predictor of Oral/Head and Neck Cancer Risk in Smokers.

Exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is recognized to play an important role in the d … r levels of TSNA-derived oral DNA damage in the setting of similar exposure to nicotine and tobacco carcinogens. Among smokers, DNA adduct formation may act as a predictor of eventual development of HNSCC that is independent of carcinogen exposure indicators. Cancer Prev Res; 10(9); 507-13. ©2017 AACRSee related editorial by Johnson and Bauman, p. 489.

Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Acetylation and Dysregulation, Due to Loss of SIRT3 Activity, Promote a Luminal B-Like Breast Carcinogenic-Permissive Phenotype.

SIGNIFICANCE: Breast cancer is the most common nondermatologic malignancy among women in the United States, among which endocrine receptor-positive breast cancer accounts for up to 80%. Endocrine receptor-positive breast cancers can be categorized molecularly into luminal A and B subtypes, of which the latter is an aggressive form that is less responsive to endocrine therapy with inferior prognosis. RECENT ADVANCES: Sirtuin, an aging-related gene involved in mitochondrial metabolism, is associated with life span, and more importantly, murine models lacking Sirt3 spontaneously develop tumors t

ATR-CHK1-E2F3 signaling transactivates human ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2 for DNA repair induced by the chemical carcinogen MNNG.

BACKGROUND: N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), an alkylating agent and an environmental carcinogen, causes DNA lesions and even ca … ew mechanism for RRM2 regulation to maintain genome stability in response to environmental chemical carcinogens.

[IN VIVO EFFECT OF RED WINE UNDILUTED, DILUTED (75%) AND ALCOHOL-FREE ON THE GENOTOXIC DAMAGE INDUCED BY POTENTIAL CARCINOGENIC METALS: CHROMIUM [VI]].

INTRODUCTION: the carcinogenesis may be initiated and promoted by the oxidative DNA damage. The compounds of chrome (Cr [VI]) cause oxidative stress (EOx) and are recognized as carcinogens in humans. In this sense, it is proposed that drinks with a high antioxidative potential, such as red wine, may have protective or modulatory effects on the oxidative DNA damage. OBJECTIVE: to study the effects of the administration in vivo of undiluted, diluted (75%) and alcohol-free red wine on the genotoxic damage induced by carcinogenic metals (Cr [VI]), by evaluating the micronucleus (MN) in polychroma…

[A comprehensive review of literature to investigate development of global knowledge and consensus on asbestos carcinogenicity: up to the report and recommendations by UICC Working Group in 1964].

This author comprehensively reviewed the literature on asbestos carcinogenicity up to the Report and Recommendations by Union Internationale Contra Cancrum (UICC) Working Group on asbestos and cancer in 1964. The first cases of mesothelioma and lung cancer in necropsied patients with asbestosis were reported in 1933 and 1934, respectively. After that, various studies examining the association between each of the diseases and asbestos exposure had been carried out until the meeting of the UICC Working Group: case report studies, case series studies, prevalence studies, historical cohort studies

Effect of dietary and topical Celecoxib on expression of bcl-2, bax, c-erb-B2 and Ki67 in carcinogen-induced tongue carcinoma in rat.

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of Celecoxib administration, dietary or topical, on expression of Ki-67, c-erb-B2, bcl-2 and bax genes in rat tongue by the immunohistochemistry methods and also tdt-mediated dupt-biotin nick end labeling assay in order to explore their role in malignant transformation and the proliferation rate, apoptosis rate in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Effects of celecoxib on tongue carcinogenesis were investigated in 40 adult male Sprague Dawley 3-3.5 months rats initiated with 30 ppm 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. The immunohistochemical expression of Ki-6

Alveolar macrophage cytotoxic activity is inhibited by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a carcinogenic component of cigarette smoke.

4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a carcinogenic compound of cigarette smoke that generates electrophilic intermediates capable of damaging DNA. Recently, we have shown that NNK can modulate mediator production by alveolar macrophages (AM) and bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, suggesting that cigarette smoke can alter lung immune response. Thus, we investigated the effect of NNK and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on AM capacity to eliminate tumoral cells. Rat AM cell line, NR8383, was treated with NNK (500 microM) or CSE (3%) and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (

8-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,N(4)-etheno-C, a potential carcinogenic glycidaldehyde product, miscodes in vitro using mammalian DNA polymerases.

8-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,N(4)-etheno-C (8-HM-epsilonC) is an exocyclic adduct resulting from the reaction of dC with glycidaldehyde, a mutagen and animal carcinogen. This compound has now been synthesized and its phosphoramidite incorporated site-specifically into a defined 25-mer oligonucleotide. In this study, the mutagenic potential of this adduct in the 25-mer oligonucleotide was investigated in an in vitro primer-template extension assay using four mammalian DNA polymerases. The miscoding potentials were also compared to those of an analogous derivative, 3,N(4)-etheno C (epsilonC), in the same

Enhancement of GST-P positive liver cell foci development by a medium-term carcinogenicity bioassay using repeated administration of D-galactosamine.

This study was performed for developing a new medium-term carcinogenicity bioassay treated with D-galactosamine (DGA) as a non-surgical meth … of DGA instead of PH may offer a new and sensitive method to screen large numbers of environmental carcinogens.

Carcinogen metabolism in human lung tissues and the effect of tobacco smoking: results from a case--control multicenter study on lung cancer patients.

Cigarette smoking is the strongest risk factor for lung cancer, but genetically determined variations in the activities of pulmonary enzyme that metabolize tobacco-derived carcinogens may affect individual risk. To investigate whether these enzymes (e.g., CYP1A-related) can serve as markers for carcinogen-DNA damage, lung tissue specimens were taken during surgery from middle-aged men with either lung cancer or non-neoplastic lung disease. Phase I [aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD)] and phase II (epoxide hydrolase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, glutathione S…

Medical and toxicological aspects of occupational nickel exposure in the Federal Republic of Germany--clinical results (carcinogenicity, sensitization) and preventive measures (biological monitoring).

In recent years reports on nickel-related diseases in the Federal Republic of Germany have been increasingly frequent. As a result, medical scientific institutions were called upon to clarify both the occupational medical and clinical, as well as the toxicological aspects of the situation. The main clinical finding was the increased incidence of malignant neoplasias in the respiratory tracts, in particular after many years of nickel exposure in refineries. Between 1967 and 1981, seven malignant neoplasms were legally recognized as occupation-related. Additionally, in the last two years, the ex

Carcinogenicity examination of betel quid. II. Effect of vitamin A deficiency on rats fed semipurified diet containing betel nut and calcium hydroxide.

The effect of vitamin A deficiency on the carcinogenicity of betel quid was studied, using long-term feeding of vitamin-A-deficient and -sufficient diets with and without betel nut and calcium hydroxide in ACI rats. A high incidence of focal epithelial hyperplasia was observed in the upper digestive tract (tongue, buccal oral mucosa, esophagus, and forestomach) of rats in the group given the vitamin-A-deficient diet mixed with betel nut and calcium hydroxide. The vitamin-A-deficient group also showed a high incidence of squamous papilloma in the tongue, buccal mucosa, and forestomach. The inci