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Antibodies to watch in 2020.

This 2020 installment of the annual 'Antibodies to Watch' series documents the antibody therapeutics approved in 2019 and in regulatory review in the United States or European Union, as well as those in late-stage clinical studies, as of November 2019*. At this time, a total of 5 novel antibody therapeutics (romosozumab, risankizumab, polatuzumab vedotin, brolucizumab, and crizanlizumab) had been granted a first approval in either the US or EU, and marketing applications for 13 novel antibody therapeutics (eptinezumab, teprotumumab, enfortumab vedotin, isatuximab, [fam-]trastuzumab deruxtecan,

Application of Perinatal Derivatives on Oncological Preclinical Models: A Review of Animal Studies.

The increasing cancer incidence has certified oncological management as one of the most critical challenges for the coming decades. New anticancer strategies are still needed, despite the significant advances brought to the forefront in the last decades. The most recent, promising therapeutic approaches have benefitted from the application of human perinatal derivatives (PnD), biological mediators with proven benefits in several fields beyond oncology. To elucidate preclinical results and clinic outcomes achieved in the oncological field, we present a narrative review of the studies resorting

Novel therapeutic strategies targeting resistance mechanisms in hematologic malignancies: from BCL2 inhibition to immunomodulatory approaches.

BACKGROUND: Hematologic malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM), are characterized by high relapse rates due to intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. Resistance mechanisms often involve dysregulation of apoptosis pathways, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family overexpression, and immune evasion through microenvironment modulation. PURPOSE: This review synthesizes recent advances (2020-2025) in therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms, focusing on BCL2 inhibition and immunomodul

Dying of Stress: Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, and Small-Molecule Inhibitors in Immunogenic Cell Death and Immunogenic Modulation.

Innovative strategies to re-establish the immune-mediated destruction of malignant cells is paramount to the success of anti-cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that radiotherapy and select chemotherapeutic drugs and small molecule inhibitors induce immunogenic cell stress on tumors that results in improved immune recognition and targeting of the malignant cells. Through immunogenic cell death, which entails the release of antigens and danger signals, and immunogenic modulation, wherein the phenotype of stressed cells is altered to become more susceptible to immune attack, radiother

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… Type I IFNs exert immunostimulatory effects, including the enhancement of the cytotoxic functions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells [ 33 , 34 ], the promotion of cross-priming capacity of APCs [ 35 ], and the production of the T cell chemoattractant, CXCL10, by cancer cells …

Bispecific Antibodies for Multiple Myeloma: A Review of Targets, Drugs, Clinical Trials, and Future Directions.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy and the second most common hematological neoplasm in adults, comprising 1.8% of all cancers. With an annual incidence of ~30,770 cases in the United States, MM has a high mortality rate, leading to 12,770 deaths per year. MM is a genetically complex, highly heterogeneous malignancy, with significant inter- and intra-patient clonal variability. Recent years have witnessed dramatic improvements in the diagnostics, classification, and treatment of MM. However, patients with high-risk disease have not yet benefited from therapeutic advances. High-r

Epi-Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment: Mechanisms, Clinical Progress, and Future Directions.

Cancer immunotherapy is a groundbreaking therapeutic strategy, yet it continues to face significant challenges, including limited overall response rates and treatment resistance. Emerging research has demonstrated the pivotal role of epigenetic modifications in tumor immune evasion, providing a strong rationale for developing "epi-immunotherapy"-an innovative approach that combines epigenetic therapy with immunotherapy. This comprehensive review systematically examines how epigenetic regulation mediates tumor immune escape and the mechanisms involved, including suppression of tumor antigen exp

Immunotherapy for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results and Perspectives.

Although initial surgical excision cures 95% of patients, a minority of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) are judged to be unresectable, either locally advanced or with unresectable regional lymph nodes or distant metastases. These patients are offered systemic treatments. Response rate to chemotherapy is relatively low and not durable, as well as the results obtained with epidermal growth factor inhibitors (EGFRi). Like other cutaneous tumors, cSCCs have high immunogenicity, driven by the high mutational burden, the ultraviolet signature, and the overexpressed tumor antigens. Two che

Assessing and Management of Neurotoxicity After CAR-T Therapy in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy represents the most important advances in cancer immunotherapy, especially in hematological malignancies such as B-cell lymphomas. CAR-T cell therapy has significant activity in poor risk B-cell lymphomas. CAR-T cell therapy is associated with potentially life-threatening toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity (NT). While CRS pathophysiology and management are well established, the understanding and treatment of NT continues to develop. All current CAR-T products approved for DLBCL have been associated with NT with

Switching Homes: How Cancer Moves to Bone.

Bone metastases (BM) are a very common complication of the most prevalent human cancers. BM are extremely painful and may be life-threatening when associated with hypercalcaemia. BM can lead to kidney failure and cardiac arrhythmias and arrest, but why and how do cancer cells decide to "switch homes" and move to bone? In this review, we will present what answers science has provided so far, with focus on the molecular mechanisms and cellular aspects of well-established findings, such as the concept of "vicious cycle" and "osteolytic" vs. "osteosclerotic" bone metastases; as well as on novel co

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): part one : National Harbor, MD, USA. 9-13 November 2016

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International cooperation in public health in Martinique: geostrategic utility for cancer surveillance in the Caribbean.

BackgroundCooperation in public health and in oncology in particular, is currently a major issue for the island of Martinique, given its geopolitical position in the Caribbean region. The region of Martinique shares certain public health problems with other countries of the Caribbean, notably in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with cancer. We present here a roadmap of cooperation priorities and activities in cancer surveillance and oncology in Martinique.Main bodyThe fight against cancer is a key public health priority that features high on the regional health policy

Navigating the Diagnostic Maze: A Case Report of Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory condition characterized by significant infiltration of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-positive plasma cells within affected tissues, with or without elevated serum IgG4 levels. The prevalence of IgG4-RD remains largely undetermined due to diagnostic challenges, as the condition is frequently unrecognized or misdiagnosed. This report describes a case of a 63-year-old man who was ultimately diagnosed with this rare condition after an extensive two-year period of elusive symptoms. Initially presenting with intermittent body pai

Biological and clinical aspects of HPV-related cancers.

Cancer-related diseases represent the second overall cause of death worldwide. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is an infectious agent which is mainly sexually transmitted and may lead to HPV-associated cancers in both men and women. Almost all cervical cancers are HPV-associated, however, an increasing number of head and neck cancers (HNCs), especially oropharyngeal cancer, can be linked to HPV infection. Moreover, anogenital cancers, including vaginal, vulvar, penial, and anal cancers, represent a subset of HPV-related cancers. Whereas testing and prevention of cervical cancer have significantly

Differences in Internet Use and eHealth Needs of Adolescent and Young Adult Versus Older Cancer Patients; Results from the PROFILES Registry.

BackgroundOur aim was to evaluate differences in cancer-related internet patterns between AYAs (adolescents and young adults; 18-39 years at time of diagnosis) and older adult cancer patients (40+ years).MethodsCross-sectional surveys were distributed among AYA and older adult cancer patients regarding cancer-related internet use and eHealth needs.Results299 AYAs (mean age 31.8 years) and 270 older adults (mean age 55.8 years) participated. AYAs searched significantly more often on the internet on a daily basis just before diagnosis (45% vs. 37%), right after diagnosis (71% vs. 62%) and during

Catching Them Early: Framework Parameters and Progress for Prenatal and Childhood Application of Advanced Therapies.

Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are medicines for human use based on genes, cells or tissue engineering. After clear successes in adults, the nascent technology now sees increasing pediatric application. For many still untreatable disorders with pre- or perinatal onset, timely intervention is simply indispensable; thus, prenatal and pediatric applications of ATMPs hold great promise for curative treatments. Moreover, for most inherited disorders, early ATMP application may substantially improve efficiency, economy and accessibility compared with application in adults. Vindicating t

Curcumin Nanoparticles as Promising Therapeutic Agents for Drug Targets.

Curcuma longa is very well-known medicinal plant not only in the Asian hemisphere but also known across the globe for its therapeutic and medicinal benefits. The active moiety of Curcuma longa is curcumin and has gained importance in various treatments of various disorders such as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, cancer, obesity, diabetics and wound healing applications. Several techniques had been exploited as reported by researchers for increasing the therapeutic potential and its pharmacological activity. Here, the dictum is the new room for the development of physicochemical, as well as biolo

Osteoclast Immunosuppressive Effects in Multiple Myeloma: Role of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1.

Immunomodulatory drugs and monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapies have significantly improved the prognosis of the patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in the recent years. These new classes of reagents target malignant plasma cells (PCs) and further modulate the immune microenvironment, which prolongs anti-MM responses and may prevent tumor occurrence. Since MM remains an incurable cancer for most patients, there continues to be a need to identify new tumor target molecules and investigate alternative cellular approaches using gene therapeutic strategies and novel treatment mechanisms. Oste

Терапевтическое применение иммунобиологии в аутоиммунных и воспаленных заболеваниях.

Иммунобиологика или биологическая экспертиза революционизировали терапевтическую парадигму аутоиммунных и подстрекательских заболеваний путем выборочного целеопределения и модуляции дисрегулированных иммунных путей. По сравнению с обычными широкоспектральными иммунопрепрессантами биологика обеспечивает более конкретный и основанный на механизмах рациональный подход, зачастую связанный с повышением эффективности и сокращением неблагоприятных явлений. В этом обзоре содержится всеобъемлющий обзор репертуара терапевтической биологики, механизмов их действий, важнейших клинических испытаний и клини

Лизат парабасероид дистазонис предотвращает серьезные формы экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиэлита, модифицируя примитивную реакцию клеток Т.

Микробиота кишечника влияет на реактивность иммунной системы, а парабактероид дистасонис появился как антивоспалительная комменза. Здесь мы изучили, может ли ли его лизат предотвратить сильные формы нейроинфламмации в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломиелите (EAE) у мышей и как эта превентивная стратегия влияет на кишечную микробиоту и иммунную реакцию. Лизат анаэробной культуры P. distasonis (Pd лизат) был в устной форме подан мышам C57BL/6 в четырех еженедельных дозах. Неделю спустя EAE был вызван, и через три недели после вводного курса была проведена оценка степени заболеваемости. Фе

Recent advances in oncolytic virotherapy: insights from clinical trials and combination treatment strategies.

Background and aimOncolytic virotherapy is a novel therapeutic paradigm in oncology that uses viruses to selectively replicate within cancer cells, causing targeted tumor cell destruction with minimal toxicity to healthy tissues. With the rapid growth of oncolytic virotherapy and the accumulation of clinical studies on this subject, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of current achievements in cancer treatments involving oncolytic viruses (OVs).Main textNumerous clinical trials have been conducted to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of OVs across a variety