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Preparation of Coralline Hydroxyapatite Implant with Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-Loaded Chitosan Nanospheres and Its Osteogenic Efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: Spinal fusion is one of the most common surgical interventions for spine reconstruction. Despite the efforts to promote osteogenesis after spinal fusion, osteogenesis after spinal fusion remains a clinical challenge and new methods are still needed. The bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a widely reported factor that can facilitate the osteogenesis in spinal fusion. In previous research, we found that the delivery of chitosan nanospheres could promote the effects of BMP-2 on osteogenic activity. The coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) is one of the most frequently used implants in b

Influence of nasal septum deviation on fluctuating asymmetries of the nasomaxillary complex: A cross-sectional study.

An important parameter in diagnostic analysis and treatment planning of different biological areas is facial symmetry, and several etiological factors have been attributed to skeletal facial asymmetry. Although causality cannot be determined, previous studies have reported a relationship between the anatomical deviation of the nasal septum and facial development. Diagnosis is critical for patients in growth stages due to the association between nasal septum deviation (NSD) and abnormal growth of the nasomaxillary complex. To understand this relationship, this study aimed to investigate the inf

[Finite element biomechanical analysis of coronal alignment correction in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for severe varus deformity].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different correction angles of the coronal lower limb alignment (represented by the hip-knee-ankle, HKA ) on the stress of prostheses and ligaments in patients with severe genu varum undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), and to clarify the optimal reconstruction strategy for postoperative coronal alignment. METHODS: Based on the computed tomography (CT) and full-ength lower limb X-ray data of 12 patients with severe genu varum (HKA angle:15°to 20°), individualized three-dimensional finite element models were established. By adjusting the

Do patients with renal calculi exhibit viscerosomatic reflexes as evident on CT imaging?

CONTEXT: Experimental evidence supporting the existence of the viscerosomatic reflex highlights an involvement of multiple vertebral levels when renal pathology is present. Further exploration of this reflex, particularly in the context of nephrolithiasis, could offer valuable insights for osteopathic treatments related to this pathology. Open-sourced machine learning datasets provide a valuable source of imaging data for investigating osteopathic phenomena including the viscerosomatic reflex. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the rotation of vertebrae at levels associated with the visc

Energy dispersive CdTe and CdZnTe detectors for spectral clinical CT and NDT applications.

We are developing room temperature compound semiconductor detectors for applications in energy-resolved high-flux single x-ray photon-counting spectral computed tomography (CT), including functional imaging with nanoparticle contrast agents for medical applications and non destructive testing (NDT) for security applications. Energy-resolved photon-counting can provide reduced patient dose through optimal energy weighting for a particular imaging task in CT, functional contrast enhancement through spectroscopic imaging of metal nanoparticles in CT, and compositional analysis through multiple ba

Hemodynamic assessments of unilateral pulsatile tinnitus with jugular bulb wall dehiscence using 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND: Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) is a type of tinnitus characterized by a rhythmic sound that is synchronous with the heartbeat. One of the possible causes of PT is the jugular bulb wall dehiscence (JBWD). However, the hemodynamics of this condition are not well understood. To elucidate this issue, the present study aimed to compare the blood flow of PT patients with JBWD, PT patients with sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence (SSWD), and volunteers. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted, which enrolled patients with unilateral PT who had undergone both computed tomography angi

Classification of unilateral cervical locked facet with or without lateral mass-facet fractures and a retrospective observational study of 55 cases.

This study describes a morphology-based unilateral cervical facet interlocking classification in an attempt to clarify the injury mechanism, instability, neurological deficits, radiological features, and determine optimum management strategies for these injuries. A total of 55 patients with unilateral cervical locked facet (UCLF) involving C3 to C7 were identified between January 1, 2012 and December 1, 2019. The injuries were classified into three types, and they were further divided into six subtypes using three-dimensional computed tomography. The injury mechanism, clinical features, neurol

Single-stage total thoracoabdominal endovascular repair for acute non-A non-B aortic dissection with retrograde extension to the ascending aorta and concomitant abdominal dissecting aneurysm: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Acute non‑A non‑B aortic dissection represents a complex and high-risk condition. Traditional treatment protocols mandate emergency open surgical repair for any dissection involving the ascending aorta (Stanford Type A or DeBakey Type I/II). With ongoing advancements in endovascular devices, less invasive options are emerging as viable alternatives for select high-risk patients with ascending aortic involvement, potentially offering advantages over total arch replacement. CASE PRESENTATION: A 73-year-old male presented with one week of chest and back pain and was diagnosed with ac

Importance of protocol target definition on the ability to spare normal tissue: an IMRT and 3D-CRT planning comparison for intraorbital tumors.

PURPOSE: We selected five intraorbital tumor sites that are frequently found in clinical practice in children diagnosed with orbital rhabdomyosarcoma and performed three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated photon radiotherapy (IMRT) planning. Results of target coverage and doses to critical structures were compared. The goal of this study was to evaluate and to document realistic expectations as to organ-sparing capabilities of modern radiation therapy planning technologies with a focus on lens-sparing irradiation. Furthermore, we investigated potential added be

Video-Based Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Applied to Robotic Duodenum-Preserving Pancreatic Head Resection.

BACKGROUND: Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) serves as a surgical intervention for managing benign and low-grade malignant neoplasms located in the head of the pancreas. This surgical approach enables the thorough excision of pancreatic head lesions, reducing the necessity for digestive tract reconstruction and enhancing the patient's quality of life.1 Performing a minimally invasive DPPHR is a complex surgical procedure, particularly when safeguarding the bile duct and the pancreaticoduodenal arterial arch. Robotic surgery is among the latest innovations in minimally inva

Optimizing Osteotomy Geometries in Posterolateral Mandibulectomies.

IMPORTANCE: Reconstructive stability after mandibulectomy with osseous autogenous transplant is influenced by masticatory forces and the resulting stress on the titanium plate. OBJECTIVE: To determine an optimal geometry of mandibular osteotomy that minimizes undesirable loading of the reconstruction plate. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this combined in silico and in vitro basic science study, segmented computed tomography images of an adult male human mandible downloaded from the Visible Human Project were analyzed. Data were collected from July to November 2023. EXPOSURES: Four po

Per-Vertebra Prediction of Future Osteoporotic Fractures from Routine Computed Tomography Using a Two-Stage Machine Learning Framework.

Background and Objectives: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures affect approximately one in four postmenopausal women and carry substantial morbidity, yet established clinical tools such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provide only patient-level risk and do not identify which specific vertebra is most likely to fail. Computed tomography (CT) acquired for unrelated indications is the most widely available three-dimensional substrate for opportunistic screening, but published machine learning models for vertebral fracture risk almost universally operate at the patient level. Th

A systematic review of duplex ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography angiography for the diagnosis and assessment of symptomatic, lower limb peripheral arterial disease.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of duplex ultrasound (DUS), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and computed tomography angiography (CTA), as alternatives to contrast angiography (CA), for the assessment of lower limb peripheral arterial disease (PAD). DATA SOURCES: Ten electronic databases were searched in April 2004, with an update in May 2005. Six key journals and bibliographies of included studies were also searched and experts in the field were consulted. REVIEW METHODS: Data extraction and quality assessment were performed in duplicate. Data we

Whole-body Computed Tomography Versus Dual Energy X‑ray Absorptiometry for Assessing Heterotopic Ossification in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder that leads to heterotopic ossification (HO), resulting in progressive restriction of physical function. In this study, low-dose, whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were evaluated to determine the preferred method for assessing total body burden of HO in patients with FOP. This was a non-interventional, two-part natural history study in patients with FOP (NCT02322255; date of registration: December 2014). In Part A (described here), WBCT and DXA scans were individually ass

Fracture Risk of Long Bone Metastases: A Review of Current and New Decision-Making Tools for Prophylactic Surgery.

Long bone pathological fractures very much reflect bone metastases morbidity in many types of cancer. Bearing in mind that they not only compromise patient function but also survival, identifying impending fractures before the actual event is one of the main concerns for tumor boards. Indeed, timely prophylactic surgery has been demonstrated to increase patient quality of life as well as survival. However, early surgery for long bone metastases remains controversial as the current fracture risk assessment tools lack accuracy. This review first focuses on the gold standard Mirels rating system.

Machine learning and multi-omics technologies for precision cardiovascular medicine: advancing diagnosis, risk prediction, and therapeutic guidance.

Cardiovascular disease remains a major global health burden. Owing to its complex pathogenesis and marked clinical heterogeneity, conventional one-size-fits-all strategies often yield limited benefit for a substantial proportion of patients. Precision medicine advocates individualized management based on patients' clinical and molecular characteristics to improve outcomes. In this context, multi-omics and machine learning provide critical technical support for precision medicine: multi-omics can capture the full spectrum of cardiovascular disease from molecular alterations to phenotypic manife

Innovations in chemotherapy and radiation therapy: Implications and opportunities for the Asia-Pacific Rim.

New cases of invasive cancer in the United States occur among nearly 1.5 million people annually. In 2007, more than 1,500 people died per day with this diagnosis. Cancer is responsible for nearly one in every four deaths reported in the country. Enormous amounts of money and research have been, and are being spent, in an attempt to improve these numbers. While prevention and early detection remain the key to long-term success, treatment in the neo-adjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic settings still centre around two main treatment modalities - radiation therapy and chemotherapy. This article wil

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… Four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) now allows clinicians to better assess the tumour or organ’s trajectory in near “real-time” so that each patient’s radiation plan can be individualised to the characteristics of each situation. …

Multimodality Cardiac Imaging in the Era of Emerging Cancer Therapies.

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Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis show different microstructural characteristics of trabecular bone in proximal tibia using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging at 3 tesla.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) are two common musculoskeletal disorders that affect the quality of life in aged people. An inverse relationship between OP and OA was proposed four decades ago. However, the difference in microstructure of the trabecular bone of these two disorders by high-resolution MRI (HR-MRI) has not been compared. The primary objective of the study is to explain the actual relationship between OA and OP based on differences between bone microstructure of these two diseases. The secondary objectives are to find out the significance of Euler number and

The Economic Value of Hybrid Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography With Computed Tomography Imaging in Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis.

ObjectiveThe objective was to quantify the potential economic value of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with computed tomography (CT; SPECT/CT) versus CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA), ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) planar scintigraphy, and V/Q SPECT imaging modalities for diagnosing suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) patients in an emergency setting.MethodsAn Excel-based simulation model was developed to compare SPECT/CT versus the alternate scanning technologies from a payer's perspective. Clinical endpoints (diagnosis, treatment, complications, and mortality) and their correspo