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European Dermatology Forum Guidelines on topical photodynamic therapy.

Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a widely approved therapy for actinic keratoses, squamous cell carcinoma in-situ, superficial and cert … n for immunocompetent individuals. Many additional indications have been evaluated, including photo-rejuvenation and inflammatory and infective dermatoses. This S2 guideline considers all current and emerging indications for the use of topical photodynamic therapy in Dermatology, prepared by the PDT subgroup of the European Dermatology Forum guidelines committ …

Consideration of muscle mass in glabellar line treatment with botulinum toxin type A.

The introduction of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) for the treatment of glabellar lines marked a revolution in aesthetic medicine, allowing for noninvasive facial rejuvenation and sculpting. Treatment of the glabellar area requires a thorough understanding of facial anatomy and the interaction of adjacent muscle groups with respect to facial expression. Because the muscles underlying the glabella are among the larger muscles commonly treated with BoNTA, they may require higher doses than other facial sites. In addition, men typically have a greater glabellar muscle mass than women and req…

The effects of a high glycerin content hydrogel premolded mask dressing on post-laser resurfacing wounds.

BACKGROUND: Laser resurfacing for the rejuvenation of facial skin remains a popular cosmetic procedure. Postoperative care for laser resurfacing is important to optimize healing, reduce pain and minimize complications. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of the new dressing against placebo (Vaseline® cream) after Er:YAG laser resurfacing. METHODS: Fifteen patients between 45 and 72 years of age with facial wrinkles were enrolled in the study. Patients underwent full-face Er:YAG procedures. The wounds were then dressed: one side of the face was treated with Vaseline and the other with a hydrog…

Female genital cosmetic surgery: a critical review of current knowledge and contemporary debates.

Female genital cosmetic surgery procedures have gained popularity in the West in recent years. Marketing by surgeons promotes the surgeries, … surgical practices. "Today we have a whole society held in thrall to the drastic plastic of labial rejuvenation."( 1 ) "At the present time, the field of female cosmetic genital surgery is like the old Wild, Wild West: wide open and unregulated"( 2 ).

Minimizing adverse events associated with poly-L-lactic acid injection.

BACKGROUND Injectable devices offer an attractive alternative to surgical cosmetic rejuvenation. Many injectable products are biocompatible but demonstrate varying levels of durability, ranging from temporary to permanent. Product duration is determined, in part, by its mode of operation. Passive fillers, such as collagen, generally add volume through mass, whereas other injectables, such as poly-L-latic acid (PLLA), rely on a foreign-body response in which endogenous collagen production by fibroblasts is thought to generate new volume. OBJECTIVE To review the use of injectable PLLA, specifica…

Hair restoration complications: an approach to the unnatural-appearing hair transplant.

Hair restoration surgery has emerged as a leading technique for rejuvenation of the upper third of the face. Using contemporary techniques, the results are generally indistinguishable from the appearance of native scalp hair. Unfortunately, older techniques of hair transplantation did not produce this quality result. As a result, there are a considerable number of patients who bear the visual and psychological burden of older hair transplant techniques. In addition, there are regrettably additional patients who have similar unnatural hair transplant results from poorly performed procedures com…

Effect of Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois on gastric ulceration and secretion in rats.

Convolvulus pluricaulis is an indigenous plant commonly mentioned in Ayurveda, an ancient system of Indian medicine, as a rasayana which is mainly advocated for use in rejuvenation therapy. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential anti-ulcerogenic effect of juice of fresh whole plants of C. pluricaulis (CPJ) against various experimental gastric ulcer models induced by ethanol, aspirin, 2 hr cold restraint stress and 4 hr pyloric ligation in rats. The drug was given orally twice daily for five days in the doses of 375 and 750 mg/kg body weight. CPJ showed anti-ulcerogenic effec…

Application of endoscope-assisted minimal-access techniques in orbitozygomatic complex, orbital floor, and frontal sinus fractures.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Minimal-access endoscope-assisted techniques have been adapted for facial rejuvenation surgery over the past 5 years, allowing smaller incisions, limited dissection, and shorter recovery times. Their increasing popularity prompted the author to investigate their application in facial trauma patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Endoscope-assisted minimal-access surgical approaches were developed in cadavers and applied in the management of frontal sinus, orbital floor, and orbitozygomatic complex fractures over a 3-year period. At a Level 1 regional trauma center, these …

Filler Injection Between the Superficial and Deep Temporal Fascia and Diameter of Superficial Temporal Arteries for Temple Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: With age, temple depressions appear due to age-related atrophy of fatty tissue, leading to a prominent cheekbone and lateral rim of the eye socket. Hyaluronic acid fillers have become very popular in the temple area due to their simple procedure and reliable results. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of filler injection between the superficial and deep temporal fascia and the diameter of superficial temporal arteries for temple enlargement. METHOD: The international databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched using

Eye-Opening Effect Achieved by Modified Transconjunctival Lower Blepharoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Enophthalmia (abnormally sunken eyeball in the socket) and ptotic upper lid, as well as lower lid symptoms, are commonly observed in patients seeking periorbital rejuvenation. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty (TCLB) modified by adding deframing and decompression maneuvers to the lower orbital fat compartment (LOFC) and its support structures to obtain better results in both the lower and upper lids. METHODS: Modified TCLB was performed in patients with lower eyelid symptoms. Palpebral fissure height (PFH) (the di…

Cable-Stayed Face Lift: An Innovative Short-Scar Lift for Better Correction of Nasolabial Folds in East Asians.

BACKGROUND: The improvement of nasolabial folds by either lateral superficial musculoaponeurotic system rhytidectomy or minimal access cranial suspension lift alone is commonly performed, but patient satisfaction is often limited in East Asians. An innovative technique, termed the cable-stayed face lift, which combines the strengths of lateral superficial musculoaponeurotic system rhytidectomy and minimal access cranial suspension lift, was developed for improved results. METHODS: Between 2016 and 2019, 20 cable-stayed face lifts were performed in a single hospital. Two plastic surgeons indep

The infraorbital artery: Clinical relevance in esthetic medicine and identification of danger zones of the midface.

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, cosmetic injections of dermal fillers or fat have become a popular procedure in facial rejuvenation in an overconsuming society. However, complications such as arterial embolism and occlusion can occur even with experienced injectors, especially in high-risks zones namely the glabella, the nasal dorsum or the nasolabial fold. The aim of this study was to define the vascular danger zones of the infraorbital area in order to provide guidelines helping avoid them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The infraorbital artery, its main branches and their anastomoses with neighb…

Phototherapy in cosmetic dermatology.

Light therapy has been incorporated into the art of healing and cosmesis for thousands of years and currently has found utility in many areas of medicine. Various modalities of cosmetic phototherapy are detailed, as well as the indications and mechanism of action for each modality. These modalities can be used to treat many common cosmetic conditions, including acne vulgaris, solar lentigo, and melasma. Phototherapy is considered a safe and effective option in the treatment of many of these disorders.

Fractional Q-switched 1,064-nm laser for the treatment of photoaged-photodamaged skin.

INTRODUCTION: The Q-switched 1064-nm laser is associated with rapid vaporization and thermal expansion stresses leading to skin mechanical damage and is typically used for correction of exogenous and endogenous deep pigmentation. Giving the common place of fractional, infrared-domain milliseconds non-ablative lasers in aesthetic dermatology, a novel non-ablative fractional Q-switched 1,064-nm laser was studied for photoaged skin concerns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy female subjects (Age range: 35-53 years, mean: 44.3) and skin types I-IV were diagnosed with mild-to-moderate facial phot

Assessment of the mobile delivery of infrared light (1100-1800 nm) for the treatment of facial and neck skin laxity.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that although infrared light and radiofrequency delivered by stationary application is safe and effective for the treatment of rhytides, a mobile delivery of radiofrequency energy can render the treatment as painless. In addition, few studies have defined and assessed efficacy of these infrared treatments in treating laxity by quantitative grading. OBJECTIVE: This prospective study assesses the safety, efficacy, and pain profile of the application of infrared light with a mobile delivery method for the treatment of facial and neck skin laxity as assesse

Full-face carbon dioxide laser resurfacing: a 10-year follow-up descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to retrospectively compare the 1-, 5-, and 10-year cosmetic outcomes of full-face carbon dioxide laser resurfacing using the SilkTouch technology, and analyze its advantages, disadvantages, and long-term results. METHODS: Photographic results of full-face carbon dioxide laser resurfacing were evaluated after 1, 5, and 10 years. Statistical analysis considered surgeon and patient satisfaction based on a predetermined cosmetic visual analogue scale. Patients and two plastic surgeons unfamiliar with the cases evaluated objective postresurfacing results

Whole-grain black rice diet rewires the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of age-related ovarian decline in mice.

Ovarian aging poses significant challenges to female fertility and overall health. While whole-grain black rice diet (BRD) has emerged as a promising anti-aging intervention, its translational potential for ovarian health remains underexplored. This study systematically evaluated BRD's effects on ovarian functional decline through single-cell profiling and phenotypic validation. We demonstrated that BRD intervention effectively delays ovarian aging by preserving the ovarian reserve and maintaining hormonal balance, with granulosa cells (GCs) exhibiting the most pronounced responsiveness. Notab

Aging-Driven Immunosuppression: The Role of Tregs in the Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) incidence and mortality increase with age, driven in part by chronic inflammation, diminished T cell output, and heightened regulatory T cell (Treg) mediated immunosuppression. In aged EOC-bearing mice, we observed reduced survival, accompanied by impaired CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and a marked expansion of FOXP3+ Tregs exhibiting elevated IL-10 and TGFβ expression. Metabolic profiling revealed enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in Tregs from aged mice, along with a fivefold increase in intracellular succinate levels. This accumulation of succinate within t

Inflammaging in periodontal, periapical, and malignancy-associated disease: drivers of alveolar bone loss and repair.

BACKGROUND: Aging significantly impacts bone metabolism through altered osteoblast/osteoclast dynamics, reduced stem cell regeneration, and chronic inflammaging. This narrative review explores how these age-related changes influence alveolar bone loss and regeneration in the oral cavity. METHODS: The review investigates key mechanisms-including immunosenescence and inflammasome activation-across three specific pathological contexts: (1) periodontitis, (2) periapical bone resorption, and (3) malignancy-associated osteolysis. Preclinical and clinical evidence were integrated to analyze the bone

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… This suggests that cellular senescence is not merely a bystander effect of aging but also an active driver of bone metabolic imbalance, which is supported by the observation that clearing senescent cells or suppressing their SASP can rejuvenate bone formation in experimental models. … Alqahtani S, Alqahtani T, Venkatesan K, Sivadasan D, Ahmed R, Sirag N, Elfadil H, Abdullah Mohamed H, Elsayed Ahmed R, Muralidharan P, Paulsamy P (2025) SASP modulation for cellular rejuvenation and tissue homeostasis: therapeutic strategies and molecular insights. …

Macrophage-derived CTSS drives the age-dependent disruption of the blood-CSF barrier.

The choroid plexus (CP) serves as the primary source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The blood-CSF barrier, composed of tight junctions among the epithelial cells in the CP, safeguards CSF from unrestricted exposure to bloodborne factors. This barrier is thus indispensable to brain homeostasis and is associated with age-related neural disorders. Nevertheless, its aging is poorly understood. Here, we report that cathepsin S (CTSS), a protease secreted from the CP macrophages, is upregulated in aged CP due to increased cell senescence. CTSS cleaves the essential tight junction component, claudin 1