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Biphasic patterns of memory deficits following moderate-dose partial-brain irradiation: neuropsychologic outcome and proposed mechanisms.

PURPOSE: To identify the longitudinal neurobehavioral characteristics of the early-delayed and late-delayed effects of partial-brain radioth … during the early-delayed period, and propose that these findings are consistent with demyelination/remyelination. Decrement was observed again at 2 years postbaseline, which suggests that memory retrieval may be the earliest marker of late-delayed effects. These neurocognitive patterns are consistent with leukoencephalopathy. Confirmation of these observations …

Regulation of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase gene expression in experimental peripheral neuropathies.

2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) is an enzyme associated with central nervous system myelination. Although present in the mammalian peripheral nerve, it is not clear what its role is during myelination nor how the expression of this gene is regulated in the PNS. In this study, CNPase gene expression was studied in the crushed and permanently transected rat sciatic nerve, two models of peripheral nerve neuropathy. The Schwann cells of the crushed nerve initially demyelinate, remain in a non-myelinating condition until active regeneration induces remyelination (10-21 days af…

[A case of paraneoplastic neuropathy with necrotizing arteritis localized in the peripheral nervous system].

A 59-year-old demented Japanese man who was proven to have high titer of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) w … to be preferentially degenerated with proximo-distal gradient. Teased fiber preparation revealed de/remyelination and axonal degeneration more frequently at the distal portion. Immunohistologically, the serum IgG of this patient specifically reacted to the endothelial cells of all vessels in control organs, which strongly suggested the autoimmune mechanism for …

Pacific Ciguatoxin Induces Excitotoxicity and Neurodegeneration in the Motor Cortex Via Caspase 3 Activation: Implication for Irreversible Motor Deficit.

Consumption of fish containing ciguatera toxins or ciguatoxins (CTXs) causes ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). In some patients, CFP recurrence occurs even years after exposure related to CTXs accumulation. Pacific CTX-1 (P-CTX-1) is one of the most potent natural substances known that causes predominantly neurological symptoms in patients; however, the underlying pathogenies of CFP remain unknown. Using clinically relevant neurobehavioral tests and electromyography (EMG) to assess effects of P-CTX-1 during the 4 months after exposure, recurrent motor strength deficit occurred in mice exposed to

Effectiveness of vitamin E in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether tocotrienol-rich vitamin E improves nerve-conduction parameters and symptoms in diabetic peripheral neuropat … CUSSION: Vitamin E yielded selective NCV gains without amplitude change, suggesting preservation or remyelination of sensory fibers rather than axonal regeneration. The absence of glycemic effects indicates neuroprotection independent of glucose control, positioning vitamin E as a potential adjunct-not substitute-to antidiabetic therapy. Heterogeneity in isofor …

Edaravone dexborneol promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation and differentiation to repair white matter and improve long-term outcomes after ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND: White matter repair after ischemic stroke is critical for long-term recovery. Edaravone dexborneol (EDB) has antioxidative and a … promoted OPC proliferation and differentiation via Akt/mTOR signaling, potentially contributing to remyelination and white matter repair, accompanied by improved long-term functional outcomes. These findings suggest that EDB may represent a promising strategy for post-stroke white matter repair.

Co-administration of quercetin and NLRP3 inhibitor attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in cuprizone-induced demyelination model.

Quercetin (Qur), as a natural plant-derived flavonoid with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, and MCC950, a selective NLRP3 inflamm … findings indicate that inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and enhancing antioxidant defenses promote remyelination and confer neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, likely through modulation of glial responses.

Effects of human embryonic stem cell-derived Schwann cells for nerve regeneration after facial nerve injury.

Facial nerve transection frequently results in incomplete functional recovery despite microsurgical repair due to axonal misalignment and limited intrinsic regenerative capacity. Schwann cells (SCs) are essential for peripheral nerve repair, supporting axon elongation, remyelination, and neurotrophic signaling. Human embryonic stem cell-derived Schwann cells (hESC-SCs), including Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) and immature SCs, constitute a scalable source of cells for tissue-engineered nerve grafts. This study investigated whether silicone conduits loaded with hESC-SCs could enhance facial ne…

Immunoregulatory Effect of Curcumin on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

Demyelination and progressive neurodegeneration within the central nervous system (CNS) are hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic … rs, including nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which promote remyelination and maintain the viability of neurons. In addition, curcumin changes important intracellular signaling pathways, such as the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of ac …

Neuropilins in Multiple Sclerosis: Dual Roles of NRP-1 in Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection.

Neuropilins (NRPs), particularly NRP-1, are multifunctional co-receptors involved in neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective processes. Altere … FTX-101 (a Sema3A-NRP-1 inhibitor), and tuftsin restore BBB function, reduce inflammation, enhance remyelination, and improve clinical scores. NRP-1 signaling thus exhibits context-dependent dual roles: promoting inflammatory cascades while enabling neuroprotection through regulatory immune networks and oligodendrocyte precursor cell support, highlighting NRP- …

Neural Stem Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence for CNS Repair and Translational Hurdles.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflam … transferring NSC-based therapies into clinical practice, aiming to improve neuroprotection, promote remyelination, and facilitate the repair of damaged CNS tissue. NSC-based therapies hold great potential as a regenerative therapy for MS, however, fundamental questions remain about the optimal delivery, long-term survival, functional integration, and potential …

Stromal-derived factor-1: The glycoprotein fueling autoimmune storms via CXCR4 and CXCR7.

The stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1, CXCL12) and its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, play pivotal roles in regulating immune processes, con … (NF-kB) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) signaling pathways. In MS, CXCR7 antagonists promote remyelination by altering the bioavailability of SDF-1. For SLE, CXCR4 inhibitors reduce renal inflammation, whereas in IBD, CXCR4 and IL-35-modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contribute to the restoration of mucosal tolerance. Innovative approaches, includin …

Кортикальное визуальное представление полевого поля и интеграция данных после оптического неврата.

Оптический неурит (ON) — воспалительный, демиелинизирующий оптический нейропат, который обычно ассоциируется с множественным склерозом. Его клиническое представление, как правило, включает потерю монокулярного зрения, причем большинство визуальных функций восстанавливаются в течение нескольких недель. В дополнение к спонтанному воспроизводству было предложено, чтобы адаптация мозга играла определенную роль в процессе восстановления. Для дальнейшего изучения этой гипотезы мы изучили кортикальное визуальное представление полевого поля и интеграцию данных в течение первого года после первого эпиз

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory, demyelinating optic neuropathy commonly associated with multiple sclerosis. Its clinical presentation typically includes monocular vision loss, with most visual functions recovering within several weeks. In addition to spontaneous remyelination, brain adaptation has been suggested to play a role in the recovery process…

Misfolding protein pathology detected in a chronic mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common causes of neurological disability in young adults. The pathobiology of MS includes both autoimmune inflammation and underlying degeneration, with the current challenge being to better understand and treat MS progression. The cuprizone (CPZ) mouse model is commonly used to study de- and remyelination. Despite initial robust myelin repair after toxin withdrawal, mice display progressive callosal atrophy, myelin loss, and gliosis. We tested the hypothesis that this delayed demyelination is due to a progressive degenerative proteopathy. Male C57BL/…

Роль лактической кислотной бактерии в улучшении поведенческого дефицита, серных уровней витамина D3, B12 и снижении окислительного стресса и демиелиции в модели разложения крысы, вызванной купризоной.

Множественный склероз представляет собой хроническое, подстрекательское и демиелионирующее расстройство, затрагивающее центральную нервную систему, где, по оценкам, в мире насчитывается 2,5 миллиона человек. Появляющиеся исследования подчеркивают значительное влияние микробиота кишечника на иммунную систему, что указывает на потенциальную роль в инициировании и развитии подстрекательских заболеваний. В рамках этого исследования изучалось потенциальное терапевтическое воздействие видов лактобациля и бифидобакерия, изолированных от традиционных молочных продуктов, на демиелинизацию, вызванную ку

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis constitutes a chronic, inflammatory, and demyelinating disorder affecting the central nervous system, with an estimated g … inating disorders such as multiple sclerosis, potentially by mitigating oxidative stress, promoting remyelination, and enhancing vitamin D3 and B12 levels.

Does physical exercise improve or deteriorate treatment of multiple sclerosis with mitoxantrone? Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis study in rats.

BACKGROUND: Mitoxantrone has proved efficacy in treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The fact that physical exercise could slow down the pr … ic marker Bax in the CSF. CONCLUSIONS: The neuroprotective effect of mitoxantrone was related with remyelination, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory potentials. Exercise training did not show added value to mitoxantrone, in contrast, it disrupts the apoptotic pathway.

TNF-mimetic peptide mixed with fibrin glue improves peripheral nerve regeneration.

Surgical intervention is necessary following nerve trauma. Tubular prostheses can guide growing axons and inserting substances within these … nostaining. A combination of BthTL glue and TNF mimetic peptide induced greater axonal regrowth and remyelination.

Nerve gaps repaired with acellular nerve allografts recellularized with Schwann-like cells: Preclinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Acellular nerve allografts (ANA) recellularized with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) or Schwann cells (SC) are, at present, a thera … ological results demonstrated a less organized arrangement of nerve fibers (p <0.05) with an active remyelination process (p <0.05) in both treated groups compared with controls at twelve months. CONCLUSIONS: ANA recellularized with SC-like cells proved to be a successful treatment for nerve gaps. Motor recovery and nerve regeneration were satisfactorily achie …

Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor-overexpressing Human Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Enhance Therapeutic Efficiency in Rat with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes axonal damage and demyelination, neural cell death, and comprehensive tissue loss, resulting in devastating neurological dysfunction. Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPCs) transplantation provides therapeutic benefits for neural repair in SCI, and glial cell linederived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been uncovered to have capability of stimulating axonal regeneration and remyelination after SCI. In this study, to evaluate whether GDNF would augment therapeutic effects of NSPCs for SCI, GDNF-encoding or mock adenoviral vector-transduced human NSPCs (GDNF-or Mock-h…

Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Axonal and Myelin Changes in Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia.

OBJECTIVE: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is commonly associated with pathologic factors of axonopathy and demyelination resulting from neurovasc … tabilization), whereas at 4-6 months it was due to the predominant reduction in λ⊥ (consistent with remyelination). CONCLUSIONS: Together, these results support that DTI permits the noninvasive detection of the trigeminal microstructural abnormalities underlying TN in vivo, and DTI-derived metrics could be considered surrogate markers of the axonal and myelin …