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Elranatamab: Роман B-клеточного созревания T-клеточного агента.

B-клеточное антигенное созревание (BCMA) — высоко выраженный трансмембранный рецептор на злокачественных плазменных клетках, который помогает выжить клеткам. Эти характеристики делают его привлекательной целью для новых клеточных и иммунотерапий. Elranatamab () — антитело, направленное против BCMA на плазменные клетки и CD3 на Т клетки. Это приводит к активации иммунных клеток и высвобождению гранзимов и перфоринов, что сопровождается убийством целевых клеток. Чрезмерная активация иммунной системы может привести к возникновению синдрома цитокина (CRS) и синдрома нейротоксичности иммунных клето

Antibodies to watch in 2021.

In this 12th annual installment of the Antibodies to Watch article series, we discuss key events in antibody therapeutics development that occurred in 2020 and forecast events that might occur in 2021. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic posed an array of challenges and opportunities to the healthcare system in 2020, and it will continue to do so in 2021. Remarkably, by late November 2020, two anti-SARS-CoV antibody products, bamlanivimab and the casirivimab and imdevimab cocktail, were authorized for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the repurposed an

The use of RNA-based treatments in the field of cancer immunotherapy.

Over the past several decades, mRNA vaccines have evolved from a theoretical concept to a clinical reality. These vaccines offer several advantages over traditional vaccine techniques, including their high potency, rapid development, low-cost manufacturing, and safe administration. However, until recently, concerns over the instability and inefficient distribution of mRNA in vivo have limited their utility. Fortunately, recent technological advancements have mostly resolved these concerns, resulting in the development of numerous mRNA vaccination platforms for infectious diseases and various t

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… Additionally, DCs can process and load exogenous antigens onto MHC class I molecules through a mechanism called cross-priming. … Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in this process by processing exogenous antigens and cross-priming. Ultimately, the immune system recognizes and responds to the antigens presented on the cell surface by both MHC class I and II molecules. …

Clinical Value of Diffusion-Weighted Whole-Body Imaging with Background Body Signal Suppression (DWIBS) for Staging of Patients with Suspected Head and Neck Cancer.

(1) Background: To determine the importance of diffusion-weighted whole-body MRI with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) in the staging process of patients with suspected head and neck carcinomas. (2) Methods: A total of 30 patients (24 male, 6 female) with a median age of 67 years with clinically suspected head and neck carcinoma with pathologic cervical nodal swelling in ultrasound underwent the staging procedure with computed tomography (CT) and whole-body MRI including DWIBS. (3) Results: In a total of 9 patients, abnormalities in the routine work-up of pretherapeutic staging were

Correlation of affective temperament and psychiatric symptoms in palliative care cancer patients.

BackgroundPsychiatric symptoms are common in terminally ill patients. Studies linking temperamental traits and psychiatric disorders in patients suffering from advanced disease are rare. This study investigated the influence of temperament on depression and anxiety in palliative care cancer patients.MethodsA total of 53 patients at the palliative care unit (PCU) of the Medical University of Vienna were enrolled in the study. Patients filled out the TEMPS-M and the brief PHQ-9 questionnaires to examine associations between temperament, psychiatric symptoms and sociodemographic parameters.Result

Combination strategies of gut microbiota in cancer therapy through metabolic reprogramming and immune remodeling.

Over the past decade, there has been a qualitative improvement in the understanding of gut microbiota in cancer development and treatment. Gut microbiota regulates metabolic reprogramming that occurs in the competition between tumor cells and immune cells for essential nutrients in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Besides, gut microbiota dysbiosis is one of the key factors leading to the formation of aging environment, which has many similarities with the TME. Accumulating research findings have demonstrated that gut microbiota enhances the efficacy of cancer therapies by activating the immun

A New Paradigm for Pediatric AML: Improving the Pipeline for Treatments Targeting Cytogenetic and Molecular Alterations.

Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy, with cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities playing a critical role in determining prognosis and guiding treatment decisions. Despite therapeutic advances, patients with high-risk genetic mutations and translocations continue to experience suboptimal outcomes. As new targeted therapies emerge, the treatment of pediatric AML could undergo a paradigm shift, where "one-size-fits-all" chemotherapy is no longer the only frontline approach. Identifying genetic markers inform risk stratification and have greater impact on s

Current landscape of innovative drug development and regulatory support in China.

The global pharmaceutical landscape remains dynamic and competitive, shaped by advancements in first-in-class therapies and breakthrough technologies. The United States has maintained its leadership in first-in-class therapies and breakthrough technologies, driven by advanced regulatory pathways, significant multinational corporation investments, a robust Research and Development (R&D) workforce, and continuous technological innovation. Additionally, global impact of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is further amplified through collaborations like Project Orbis, which facilitates simulta

Early and late oral features of chronic graft-versus-host disease.

BackgroundChronic graft-versus-host disease is a serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, and the mouth is one of the affected sites.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the oral features of this disease after hematopoietic cell transplantation.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional multicenter study that enrolled patients submitted to transplantation. Oral evaluations used the National Institutes of Health criteria, salivary flow rates, and the range of mouth opening. Pain and xerostomia were evaluated through a visual analogue scale. Patients were divided i

Molecular Targeting and Rational Chemotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a molecularly complex disease with multiple aberrant genetic pathways involved in its pathogenesis. Approximately one-third to one-half of patients with AML would relapse, and no standard therapy is established for relapsing and/or refractory AML (RR-AML) yet. It is unlikely that blockage of only one specific pathway will lead to prolonged remissions and cures in all fractions of the AML patients population. Nowadays, novel therapeutic agents with rational combination are being recognized which improve the cure rate for relapsed AML. These drugs and their metabo

ISEV2025 Резюме книги.

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Myelodysplasia in VEXAS syndrome.

AbstractVEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome is a clonal hematoinflammatory disorder affecting older, predominantly male patients, characterized by systemic inflammation and progressive bone marrow failure. It is caused by somatic mutations in ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 (UBA1), an X-linked gene, essential for initiating cellular ubiquitination. Loss-of-function mutations, most commonly M41 missense variants, lead to decreased expression of the cytoplasmic isoform, UBA1b, resulting in accumulation of misfolded proteins and activation of the endoplasmic r

The role of the innate immune system in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Most patients present with advanced or metastatic HCC at diagnosis and face a dismal prognosis. Tyrosine kinases are the gold standard treatment for this disease but yield limited survival benefits. Immune checkpoint inhibitors that augment adaptive immunity have been tested in HCC. Complex interactions between tumor cells, lymphocytes and the tumor environment determine the efficacy of such immunotherapies. Innate immune mechanisms - known drivers of liver disease progression in pre-HCC conditions such as fibrosis or cirr

Chemokines: humble yet mighty players in the tumour microenvironment.

Chemokines are tiny chemotactic cytokines which play a crucial role in pathophysiology by maintaining homeostasis and inflammation. Their role in the tumour microenvironment is very much puzzling because of both pro- and anti-tumourigenic effects. Chemokines have gained much attention today, since it has been recognized that they are game changers in the TME via controlling immune cell recruitment, angiogenesis, metastasis, tumour growth and drug resistance. In this review, we are exploring the role of several chemokines and their receptors in the TME with special focus on immune cell recruitm

Clinical and Etiological Profiles of Patients With Pancytopenia in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background Pancytopenia is more of a manifestation of a spectrum of underlying diseases affecting the bone marrow. Specific treatment relies solely on early diagnosis and identification of the accurate etiology. We aimed to generate data on the clinical and etiological profiles of patients diagnosed with pancytopenia. Materials and methods Fifty patients more than 13 years of age with pancytopenia who reported to a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. Thorough clinical examination, hematological investigation, and bone marrow biopsies were performed, and relevant data were record

Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers.

Though early-stage colorectal cancer has a high 5 year survival rate of 65-92% depending on the specific stage, this probability drops to 13% after the cancer metastasizes. Frontline treatments for colorectal cancer such as chemotherapy and radiation often produce dose-limiting toxicities in patients and acquired resistance in cancer cells. Additional targeted treatments are needed to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Immunotherapy involves treatment with peptides, cells, antibodies, viruses, or small molecules to engage or train the immune system to kill cancer cells. Preclinical

Длинная и извилистая дорога: гомеостатические и беспорядочные микроэкологические ниши: обзор описательной части.

Микроэкологические ниши Haematopoiet были охарактеризованы как "приемники" крови и иммунной системы. Эти ниши меняются во время онтгении, при этом костный мозг становится доминирующим местом гематопоисиса в послеродовой жизни в стабильных условиях. Для определения структуры и функции различных микроэкологических ниш гематопоиета необходимо четко определить конкретные подмножества гематопоиетических стеблей и потомковых клеток во время офгении и понять их временной внешний вид и анатомическое позиционирование. Различные гематопоиетические и негематопоиетические клетки способствуют появлению гем

Суицидальные идеи у пациентов с множественным склерозом и его связь с клиническими и демографическими характеристиками.

Хронические неврологические заболевания, такие, как множественный склероз (МС), являются важными факторами риска для некоторых психологических расстройств, таких, как депрессия и, следовательно, суицидальное поведение. Поскольку идея самоубийства (SI) является одним из важных факторов прогнозирования попыток самоубийства и смертности от самоубийств, признание факторов, связанных с появлением SI у пациентов с MS, имеет большое значение. ЦЕЛЬ: Данное исследование направлено на оценку взаимосвязи между социально-демографическими, психологическими и болезнетворными характеристиками у пациентов с M

Emerging Therapies in the Management of Advanced-Stage Gastric Cancer.

Globally, gastric malignancy contributes to significant cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Despite a recent approval of two targeted agents, trastuzumab and ramucirumab, the treatment options for advanced-stage gastric cancer are limited. Consequently, the overall clinical outcomes for patients with advanced-stage gastric cancer remain poor. Numerous agents that are active against novel targets have been evaluated in the course of randomized trials; however, most have produced disappointing results because of the molecular heterogeneity of gastric cancer. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pr