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Hypersexuality in Neurological Disorders: From Disinhibition to Impulsivity.

Little is known about the neurological control of human sexual behavior. Investigating and measuring this behavior by using quantitative and objective methods is difficult. Insights from lesion studies contribute to analyze the effects of neurological disorders on human sexual behavior. In this chapter, we focus on frontal lobe lesions, brain injuries, epilepsia, dementia, and Parkinson disease to describe human sexual behavior disorders, in order to highlight cortical and subcortical brain regions and neural networks involved in human sexual behavior.

Is impulsivity in remitted bipolar disorder a stable trait? A meta-analytic review.

OBJECTIVE: To review scores on measures of impulsivity in remitted bipolar disorder. DATA SOURCE: We used keywords "impulsivity and bipolar" and "impulsivity and mania" to narrow down our search on Medline, EMBASE and Psychinfo to include those studies that had reported impulsivity scores using validated and reliable assessment measures in remitted bipolar disorder (both I and II). We searched all English language studies from 1990 to October 2012. STUDY SELECTION: Nineteen reports met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed by two abstractors independently. DATA ABSTRACTION: We generated

Pathological gambling and impulsivity: an Italian study.

AIM: Although the precise nature of pathological gambling (PG) is still elusive, currently it is considered an impulse-control disorder that shares several features with substance dependence, such as deficit in self-regulation and impaired impulsivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impulsivity of PG patients by means of the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, version 11 (BIS-11), as compared with healthy control subjects, and to explore the possible correlations with gambling severity. METHODS: Thirty-five outpatients (all men) with a diagnosis of PG were recruited at their first psychiatr

Factors associated with speeding penalties in novice drivers.

Novice drivers are an important risk group in traffic and speed limit exceeding is one of the major risk factors for traffic collisions. In this paper we explore how impulsivity measures, driving skills and driving safety are associated with speed limit exceeding in novice drivers if described variables are measured on the same subjects. Participants of the study were 909 novice car-drivers (mean age 24.7(SD=7.5) years). Subjects filled Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Adaptive and Maladaptive Impulsivity Scale (AMIS), Social Motivation Scale and Driver Skill Inventory (DSI). The data on traffic vio

Why gamblers fail to win: a review of cognitive and neuroimaging findings in pathological gambling.

The purpose of this review is to gain more insight in the neuropathology of pathological gambling (PG) and problem gambling, and to discuss challenges in this research area. Results from the reviewed PG studies show that PG is more than just an impulse control disorder. PG seems to fit very well with recent theoretical models of addiction, which stress the involvement of the ventral tegmental-orbito frontal cortex. Differentiating types of PG on game preferences (slot machines vs. casino games) seems to be useful because different PG groups show divergent results, suggesting different neurobio

Mania and sexual risk: associations with behavioral self-regulation.

INTRODUCTION: Risky sexual behavior among young adults is a central public health concern. Hallmark cognitive effects of mania involve grandiose extrinsic goal-setting, which may be part of a tendency to approach rewarding cues while underestimating potential negative consequences. Poor impulse control also reflects a tendency to seek reward and rely on emotional decision-making. In contrast, effortful control is associated with adaptive decision making. METHODS: Participants (n=595) completed measures of impulsivity, risk for mania, and risky sexual behavior. Relationships between risk for m

The Correlation Between Emotionality Changes and Alcohol Consumption in Young Persons: A Pilot Study.

Background/Objectives: Alcohol consumption in young persons is a growing phenomenon, with significant implications for physical and mental h … on between alcohol consumption and the rise in anxiety and depression symptoms or a tendency toward impulsive behaviors. Additionally, we observed that psychosocial factors, including group pressure, family climate, and stressful contexts, can exacerbate emotional vulnerability. Conclusions: This study suggests the need for early psychological interventions and prev …

Effect of Training at Lactate Threshold Intensity on Maximal Time to Exhaustion, Depression and Anxiety Behaviour of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats after Kainate-Induced Status Epilepticus.

AIM: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of treadmill training at lactate threshold intensity on maximum time t … emonstrate that exercise exerts a beneficial influence on physical working capacity, depression and impulsive behavior in a co-morbid model of essential hypertension and SE.

Congruence of behavioral symptomatology in children with ADD/H, ADD/WO, and learning disabilities.

Although evidence generally supports the behavioral differentiation of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD/H) and attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity (ADD/WO), a growing body of literature suggests that children with learning disabilities (LD) share behavioral symptomatology with children diagnosed as having ADD/WO. The present study examined this issue by comparing parent and teacher behavioral ratings among groups of children diagnosed as having ADD/H, ADD/WO, and LD on symptoms of impulsivity, inattention, and social withdrawal. The subjects were 77 outpatients i

Aberrant Salient and Corticolimbic Connectivity in Hypersexual Parkinson's Disease.

Introduction: Impulse control disorders (ICDs) represent a side effect of dopaminergic medication in Parkinson's disease (PD). Patients experience an excessive desire toward natural rewards paired with uncontrolled actions. Yet, the precise neural and behavioral mechanisms associated with ICDs and, importantly, each specific subdomain remain unclear. We aim to decipher resting-state and corticolimbic functional connectivity in PD patients with and without hypersexual ICD. Materials and Methods: Seventeen PD patients with hypersexuality (PD+HS) and 15 PD patients without hypersexuality (PD-HS)

Impulsivity and inattention in hand tendon injuries: a case-control study revealing distinct profiles for work-related accidents.

INTRODUCTION: The impact of attention deficit, impulsivity, and anger on various types of injuries is a subject of ongoing research. Hand tendon injuries are frequently encountered clinical conditions; however, their potential relationships with the aforementioned factors have not been previously investigated. This study aimed to examine the mechanisms of hand tendon injuries from certain psychiatric perspectives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 patients presenting to the physical therapy and rehabilitation outpatient clinic with hand tendon injuries and 32 healthy controls were evaluated. The asse

Low plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels are associated with elevated trait aggression and impulsivity in major depressive disorder with a history of comorbid substance use disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with low levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), holding promise for new perspectives on disease etiology and treatment targets. As aggressive and impulsive behaviors are associated with low omega-3 PUFA levels in some clinical contexts, we investigated plasma PUFA relationships with trait aggression and impulsivity in patients with MDD. Medication-free MDD patients (n = 48) and healthy volunteers (HV, n = 35) were assessed with the Brown-Goodwin Aggression Inventory. A subset (MDD, n = 39; HV, n = 33) completed the Barratt Impulsive…

Neuropsychological performance, impulsivity, ADHD symptoms, and novelty seeking in compulsive buying disorder.

We examined the neuropsychological performance of people with compulsive buying disorder (CBD) and control subjects, along with trait impulsivity, symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and selected personality characteristics. Subjects received a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, depression and ADHD symptom assessment, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and a version of the Temperament and Character Inventory. Persons with CBD (n=26) and controls (n=32) were comparable in terms of age, sex, and years of education. Subjects with CBD had a mean age of 36.3 years

Нейробиологические пути, связывающие сексуальные расстройства и Психиатрические расстройства: обзор.

Навязчивое сексуальное расстройство (CSBD) — это новое засекреченное клиническое состояние, характеризующееся постоянной сложностью контроля за сексуальными импульсами, повторяющейся сексуальной активностью, несмотря на неблагоприятные последствия, а также значительным расстройством или ухудшением положения в различных сферах жизни. Этот обзор посвящен изучению клинических и нейробиологических переплетений между СВБД и отдельными психическими расстройствами, включая расстройства настроения и тревоги, расстройства, связанные с дефицитом внимания/гиперактивности, расстройства аутистического спек

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… Chronic activation of the HPA axis due to prolonged stress leads to adaptive changes in serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, which may increase impulsivity and reduce the ability to control impulsive behaviors, including sexual ones [ 6 ]. … behaviors, and reward-seeking Voon et al. [ 14 ] Hyperactivity of the dACC Impaired regulation of impulsive behaviors and excessive reward-seeking Kowalewska et al. [ 10 ] Neuropathogenesis of CSBD. …

Impulse and reason? Justifications in problem gambling.

People often use justifications to make desirable choices, but little is known about these justificatory thoughts in gambling. We conducted an exploratory Study 1 (n = 101) and a confirmatory Study 2 (n = 154) using online surveys, recruiting gamblers with prior and current experience of trying to reduce their gambling. Using justifications recognized in the domains of eating and consumer behavior (e.g., prior use of effort, feelings of achievement), we examined whether justifications were associated with problem gambling severity, and whether they explained additional variance above trait imp

Understanding the Impact of Deviant Peer Association on Dual Systems Model Development: Testing the Moderating Role of ADHD.

Recent research has indicated that deviant peers may play a role in cognitive development. This is particularly the case for the dual systems model, a key framework for understanding engagement in antisocial behavior during adolescence and emerging adulthood. However, limited research has examined how preexisting mental health concerns may moderate these relationships. This study used the Pathways to Desistance data to examine attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a moderator of the relationships between deviant peer association and dual systems model constructs. Generalized estim

Preschool Predictors of ADHD Symptoms and Impairment During Childhood and Adolescence.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper summarizes key, recently published research examining longitudinal outcomes for preschoolers with high levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. RECENT FINDINGS: Symptom trajectories show that hyperactivity/impulsivity declines across childhood. At the group level, the course of inattention appears more variable. However, identification of subgroups of children showing stable, rising, and falling inattention over time is promising. Early ADHD-like symptoms portend risk for academic and social difficulties, as well as comorbid emotional and behaviora

Aggression, impulsivity, personality traits, and childhood trauma of prisoners with substance abuse and addiction.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study is then to analyze psychological and judicial features of a subgroup of inmates with substance abuse. METHODS: Prisoners with substance abuse (n = 312) were compared to prisoners without substance abuse (n = 591). Recruited inmates completed a semistructured interview for collection of sociodemographic and judicial data and a battery of psychometric tests for assessement of aggression, impulsivity, depression, personality traits, hostility, resilience, and childhood trauma. RESULTS: Substance abusers had on average multiple incarcerations (78.8%), more juve