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The Intersection of Pedagogy and Andragogy in 3 + 2-Modeled Physician Assistant Programs: Five Lessons Learned.

INTRODUCTION: Physician associate/assistant (PA) faculty benefit from learning the definitions and applications of pedagogy and andragogy wi … s. RESULTS: There is minimal evidence to guide PA faculty on education models, theory, or learning philosophy for students enrolled in 3 + 2 PA programs . As such, this manuscript presents 5 lessons learned from a former faculty member of a 3 + 2-modeled PA program who has experience teaching both traditional PA students in addition to 3 + 2 learners. DISC …

From morphology of human body to reshaping a morphology of the society: heritage in the field of pathology of infectious diseases of Wilhelm Ebstein and work of councilman Sigismund Asch. A story how to counteract epidemics and to transform feudal system into civil democracy.

Collected, primary resources enabled us to extract data that are scarcely present in medical literature of the two Breslauer morphologists o … n such a great esteem to be elected alderman. Asch's mentality corresponded to Ferdinand Lassalle's philosophy of the social democratic movement. In front of cholera epidemics, Asch contributed to medical control of meat, development of city canalization, establishment of green areas as well he deeply got involved in charity institutions for widows and orpha …

Realigning Global Health Realities Towards Children's Surgery: Progress and Possibilities.

Despite the high population of children, increasing surgical disease burden and shortage of pediatric surgeons, as well as limited infrastructure, children's surgical care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been neglected for decades. This has contributed to unacceptably high morbidity and mortality, long term disabilities and economic loss to families. The work of the global initiative for children's surgery (GICS) has raised the profile and visibility of children's surgery in the global health space. This has been achieved a philosophy of inclusiveness, LMIC participation, focus…

A Novel Approach of Customized Pelvic Implant Design Based on Symmetrical Analysis and 3D Printing.

In pelvic trauma patients, the mismatch of complex geometries between the pelvis and fixation implant is a fundamental cause of unstable and displaced pelvic ring disruption, in which secondary intervention is strongly considered. The geometrical matching in the current customized implant design and clinical practice is through the nonfractured hemi-pelvis for the fractured pelvis. This design philosophy overlooks the anatomical difference between the hemipelves, and further, the geometrical asymmetry at local area still remains unknown. This study analyzed the anatomical asymmetry of a patien…

Ayurvedic lipid based rasayans - A perspective on the preparation and pharmacological significance of lipids on the bioavailability of phytoconstituents.

For thousands of years, lipid based Ayurvedic formulations have been made in India, and the craft has survived down the millennia up to the present time. Some of these deliciously potent phytonutrient preparations are very popular and have sustained the test of time pertaining to their efficacy. Recent researches on the role of phytonutrients in promoting cardio-pulmonary, brain and immune health substantially buttress the philosophy underlying the use of lipids in preparing these emulsions, since a large number of these bioactives are lipophilic. Being lipoidic, they are absorbed through the …

Application of ERAS protocol in esophagectomy: a national survey among Italian centers performing esophageal surgery.

The application of enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines for esophageal surgery in different units remains unclear. This survey intende … esults highlight the efforts undertaken by several centers to apply enhanced recovery after surgery philosophy and in this regard, demonstrate a good standing in Italy.

Does the Prefrontal Cortex Play an Essential Role in Consciousness? Insights from Intracranial Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain.

A central debate in philosophy and neuroscience pertains to whether PFC activity plays an essential role in the neural basis of consciousness. Neuroimaging and electrophysiology studies have revealed that the contents of conscious perceptual experience can be successfully decoded from PFC activity, but these findings might be confounded by postperceptual cognitive processes, such as thinking, reasoning, and decision-making, that are not necessary for consciousness. To clarify the involvement of the PFC in consciousness, we present a synthesis of research that has used intracranial electrical s…

Long-term follow-up of a low profile, coated, press-fit cup: the trabeculae oriented pattern (T.O.P.) acetabular system.

PURPOSE: Total hip arthroplasties (THAs) are rising worldwide, as the functional request of patients who undergo this procedure. The trabeculae oriented pattern (TOP) is a modern cup, which follows the philosophy of the tissue sparing surgery (TSS). Focusing on clinical and radiological results and complications, the authors aim to highlight the outcomes of the TOP at a long-term follow-up (FU). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was completed on THA performed with the TOP cup between 1997 and 2015. Five hundred and eighty-eight patients sustained surgery, for a total of 662 cup implanted. Fou…

Network theoretic analysis of JAK/STAT pathway and extrapolation to drugs and viruses including COVID-19.

Whenever some phenomenon can be represented as a graph or a network it seems pertinent to explore how much the mathematical properties of that network impact the phenomenon. In this study we explore the same philosophy in the context of immunology. Our objective was to assess the correlation of "size" (number of edges and minimum vertex cover) of the JAK/STAT network with treatment effect in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), phenotype of viral infection and effect of immunosuppressive agents on a system infected with the coronavirus. We extracted the JAK/STAT pathway from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes …

UEFA expert group statement on nutrition in elite football. Current evidence to inform practical recommendations and guide future research.

Football is a global game which is constantly evolving, showing substantial increases in physical and technical demands. Nutrition plays a valuable integrated role in optimising performance of elite players during training and match-play, and maintaining their overall health throughout the season. An evidence-based approach to nutrition emphasising, a 'food first' philosophy (ie, food over supplements), is fundamental to ensure effective player support. This requires relevant scientific evidence to be applied according to the constraints of what is practical and feasible in the football settin…

"It's Not a Great Boulder, It's Just a Piece of Baggage": Older Women's Reflections on Healing from Childhood Sexual Abuse.

In this study, we explored older women's reflections on processes of healing related to childhood sexual abuse (CSA). We aimed to answer questions about how childhood trauma was integrated into the life story and to identify factors or coping strategies that aided, or hindered, healing. Participants within this study included 12 women who were aged 60 or older and had reported CSA as adults at the beginning of the research project, 25 years prior. Qualitative interviews were conducted exploring women's reflections on the place of CSA in their lives over time and factors the participants though

Design and Vibration Suppression Control of a Modular Elastic Joint.

In this paper, a novel mechatronic design philosophy is introduced to develop a compact modular rotary elastic joint for a humanoid manipulator. The designed elastic joint is mainly composed of a brushless direct current (DC) motor, harmonic reducer, customized torsional spring, and fail-safe brake. The customized spring considerably reduces the volume of the elastic joint and facilitates the construction of a humanoid manipulator which employs this joint. The large central hole along the joint axis brings convenience for cabling and the fail-safe brake can guarantee safety when the power is o…

Apical vertebral derotation and translation (AVDT) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using screws and sublaminar bands: a safer concept for deformity correction.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of a new deformity correction philosophy treatment for AIS called apical vertebral derotation and translation (AVDT). METHODS: It is a retrospective study of prospectively collected data concerning two different scoliosis correction techniques used in our department. A total of 81 patients (22M, 59F) with a mean age of 15.5 years and minimum follow-up of 2 years were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the correction technique: 36 patients underwent single-rod derotation using all screws construct (AS), while 45 patients unde…

Exploring the strategies that midwives in British Columbia use to promote normal birth.

BACKGROUND: Rates of normal birth have been declining steadily over the past 20 years, despite the evidence of the benefits to mother and ba … there is a particular focus on promoting and supporting normal pregnancy and birth in the midwifery philosophy of care. In BC, women receiving care from a midwife are less likely to have a caesarean section and other birth interventions. METHODS: An interpretive approach, based on interpretive phenomenology was used to explore the experiences of midwives in …

Divided Zygomatic Bone in Primates With Implications of Skull Morphology and Biomechanics.

Typically the zygoma is a single bone in the facial skeleton whose shape uniquely copes with loads associated with mastication. Rarely but naturally, the zygoma is divided into two or more parts by supernumerary sutures. These extra intrazygomatic sutures are located at an area of critical morphological and biomechanical importance, yet their impacts have not been studied. In this study, the morphological and possible biomechanical consequences of the divided zygoma (DZ) were investigated in primates including rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), orangutans (Pongo abelii and P. pygmaeus), and mod

[The search for balance in the therapeutic decision-making process: the example of Class II malocclusion treatments in children and adolescents].

INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic decision-making is essentially the key to our clinical practice, and its most medical feature. The history of orthodontics is studded with multiple intellectual debates and stand-offs between conflicting treatment philosophies, the authors of which all aspire to a balance guaranteeing optimal treatment for their patients. Among the wealth of published data, which items should we select to ensure balanced treatment decisions in our daily practice and how can we remain serene in the face of the uncertainty and loneliness engendered by therapeutic decision-making process

Functional dystonia and the borderland between neurology and psychiatry: New concepts.

Mind-brain dualism has dominated historical commentary on dystonia, a dichotomous approach that has left our conceptual grasp of it stubborn … this framework, there is a consensus that a biopsychosocial approach is required and that a unified philosophy of brain and mind is the best way to locate dystonia in the neurology-psychiatry borderland. At a practical level, movement disorder neurologists are best placed to differentiate organic from functional dystonia. The main role of psychiatrists is in …

A groundwork for allostatic neuro-education.

We propose to enliven educational practice by marrying a conception of education as guided human development, to an advanced scientific unde … edom, mediated by competent, integrated, and expansive executive functionality (concordant with the philosophy of freedom of Rudolf Steiner); and its strategy is to be attuned to rhythms in various forms (including those of autonomic arousal described in polyvagal theory) so as to enable experiential excitement for learning. The GANE presents a variety of te …

How do we estimate survival? External validation of a tool for survival estimation in patients with metastatic bone disease-decision analysis and comparison of three international patient populations.

BackgroundWe recently developed a clinical decision support tool, capable of estimating the likelihood of survival at 3 and 12 months following surgery for patients with operable skeletal metastases. After making it publicly available on www.PATHFx.org , we attempted to externally validate it using independent, international data.MethodsWe collected data from patients treated at 13 Italian orthopaedic oncology referral centers between 2010 and 2013, then applied to PATHFx, which generated a probability of survival at three and 12-months for each patient. We assessed accuracy using the area und

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… However, the success of this tool depends on its performance in a variety of cultures, patient populations and institutions that may have differing treatment philosophies from those previously studied. … This may represent a key difference in the Italian patients, or more likely treatment philosophy and patient selection when compared to the U.S. and Scandinavian centers. In addition, 63 % of Italian patients survived more than 12 months. …

Two stage ear/microtia reconstruction using costal cartilage.

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of Grade III microtia is a challenging entity in maxillofacial esthetic rehabilitation. Several advocacies and philosophies exist in this field. The aim of the manuscript is to present a single South Indian Experience with Ear reconstruction among South Indian Population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of unilateral Grade III microtia reconstruction was performed. Using a set of predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the population was selected. Outcome measures in terms of the ear size, auriculocephalic angle, and the conchal depth were measure