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Genetic Dissection of Wheat Heterosis Identifies Candidate Genes in Biparental and Diverse Hybrid Populations.

Understanding how numerous heterotic quantitative trait loci (hQTL) shape heterosis and shifting from hQTL to candidate genes are central challenges. To address these challenges, we performed a systematic, genome-wide mapping in a biparental population and a population of diverse hybrids. Leveraging both a triple testcross and immortalized F2 designs, we examined the genetic basis of the heterosis of the wheat hybrid Piko × Hermann. We detected a major hQTL on chromosome 4B, primarily driven by epistasis. This region contains the Green Revolution gene Rht-B1 as the primary candidate gene. Then

VT-SCC: Visual-text semantic alignment via multimodal guidance for unified staple crop organ counting.

Accurate counting of yield-related plant organs is fundamental to crop breeding and management. However, scalable counting remains challenging because crop morphology varies widely and field environments are complex. Current specialized models lack flexibility, whereas generic few-shot counters often exhibit feature ambiguity arising from their reliance on visual exemplars, leading to frequent misidentification in dense scenes. To address these challenges, we developed VT-SCC, a visual-text unified staple crop organ counting framework that incorporates semantic guidance into visual representat

Effect of Fertilization, Irrigation and Microbial Biostimulant on the Antioxidant Profile of Some Sweet Pepper Genotypes.

Sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are an important dietary source of antioxidants. Optimizing fruit antioxidant quality under reduced inputs is essential to valorize sustainable pepper production. Here, we evaluated seven Spanish genotypes (traditional/local, derived experimental hybrids and commercial hybrids) across six treatments combining two fertilization (100% and 50%) and irrigation (100% and 75%) regimes, with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) applied under reduced fertilization treatments. Vitamin C and flavonoids were quantified by HPLC at the green-ripe and fully ripe sta

Off-flavor formation in legume protein ingredients: Linking molecular origins, processing-induced transformations, and mitigation strategies.

The growing demand for sustainable protein sources has accelerated the integration of legume proteins into plant-based foods; however, their widespread acceptance remains limited by undesirable off-flavors, which are characteristically described as beany, grassy, earthy, bitter, and astringent. These sensory defects result from complex interactions among intrinsic seed composition, enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions, processing conditions, and flavor perception influenced by the food matrix. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the molecular origins, processing-induced transformat

Soybean α-Amylase Gene Family: Structure and Expression in Response to Abiotic Stresses.

α-Amylases are involved in starch breakdown, thereby influencing plant development. Information on the α-amylase genes in soybean is limited. Here, we identified five soybean α-amylase genes from subfamilies AtAMY1 (GmaAMY5), AtAMY2 (GmaAMY4), AtAMY3 (GmaAMY1, GmaAMY3), and AMY6 (GmaAMY2). In silico analysis indicated that all five genes were actively expressed in leaves, flowers, and pods but weakly in roots. GmaAMY1-GmaAMY5 mRNAs were predicted to be targets of miRNAs associated with stress response, organ development, and nitrogen fixation. Putative GmaAMY1-GmaAMY5 proteins contained α-amyl

Precocious programmed cell death and tapetal dysfunction cause pollen abortion in Lycium barbarum male-sterile line ningqi-5.

Male sterility is a valuable trait in plant breeding that enables efficient hybrid seed production by eliminating the need for manual emasculation. In Lycium barbarum, the male sterile line Ningqi-5 exhibits complete pollen abortion, but the underlying cytological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we systematically compared anther development between the fertile line Ningqi-1 and the male sterile line Ningqi-5 using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and TUNEL assays to elucidate the cellular basis of male sterility. Our result…

High Expression of CpMAPK9 Increased Jasmonic Acid Levels Potentially Improving Root Rot Resistance in Codonopsis pilosula.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of Codonopsis pilosula roots to Fusarium oxysporum infection, which causes root rot and significant economic losses, and to provide a theoretical basis for breeding resistant varieties and developing effective control strategies. METHODS: Root samples of C. pilosula were inoculated with F. oxysporum and harvested across five distinct intervals (0, 6, 24, 72, and 120 h after inoculation). Transcriptome sequencing was performed on 15 samples, generating 171.65 GB of clean data. De novo assembly was used

Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis Provides Insights into Floral Organ Development and Flower Color Formation in Renanthera coccinea, a Rare Tropical Orchid.

The genus Renanthera is valued for its fiery-red floral coloration and distinctive spider-like floral architecture; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying floral organ specialization and perianth color differentiation remain poorly understood. In this study, using integrated morphological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses of R. coccinea, we found that the cell types of the dorsal and lateral perianth organs were broadly similar but clearly distinct from those of the lip and the column. Developmentally, the organ-specific expression patterns of AGAMOUS-LIKE6-1/2 (AGL6-1/2), APETAL

Subcellular localization and differential expression provide insights into the putative function of the nematode resistance gene Hs4.

Plant-parasitic nematodes are economically important threats to global crop production. The beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) is a crucial pest in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris). While all species of the genus Beta are highly susceptible, the three species of the beet wild relative genus Patellifolia are entirely resistant. Recently, we cloned the Hs4 gene from P. procumbens, which confers complete resistance. In this study, we aimed to determine whether putative Hs4 orthologs exist in Beta and Patellifolia species. The Hs4 gene consisted of 4999 bp, with six exons and five i

A transposon insertion in the promoter of BcCPR5 impairs trichome formation in wucai (Brassica campestris L.).

Trichomes, specialized epidermal cells on plant leaves, contribute to resistance against both abiotic and biotic stress. Wucai, an important leafy vegetable in China, is predominantly characterized by low trichome density or even hairlessness in commercial cultivars. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying trichome loss remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the genetic basis of trichome loss using a high-trichome-density wucai inbred line, W7-1, and a low-trichome-density cultivar, W7-2. Through a combination of bulked segregant analysis sequencing and map-base

Transcriptome sequencing and functional analysis reveal RrCBF genes as key regulators of cold adaptation in Rosa rugosa.

Rosa rugosa is an economically significant ornamental species with limited understanding of its molecular cold adaptation mechanisms. This study utilized transcriptome sequencing to elucidate the temporal dynamics and organ-specific regulatory mechanisms underlying cold stress (4°C) responses in the leaves and one-year-old stem of R. rugosa. Differential gene expression analysis revealed distinct organ-specific and time-dependent transcriptional reprogramming. A core set of 1,479 and 1,872 genes were consistently differentially expressed from early to late stages (4-24 h) in leaves and stems,

Оценка стабильности урожая генотипов пшеницы пальца методом анализа AMMI и GGE биоплота в различных условиях среды.

Производительность пшеницы пальца сильно зависит от взаимодействия генотипа × среды (GEI), что усложняет идентификацию высокопродуктивных и стабильных генотипов. В данном исследовании оценены 35 генетически разнообразных генотипов пшеницы пальца в трех агро-эко-зоне: Одиша (E1), ДжхаркHAND (E2) и Бихар (E3) в течение двух рахи сезонов (2023-24 и 2024-25). Использовался блочный дизайн с тремя повторами, и были зафиксированы ключевые количественные признаки, такие как урожайность на растение, вес 1000 зерен и количество пальцев на основной узле. Применены анализы AMMI и GGE биоплотов для оценки

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Plant. Breed. 2019 79 1 155 161 Yadav, R. S., Goyal, M. & Yadav, A. Genotype × environment interaction and stability analysis in finger millet ( Eleusine Coracana L.) under different environments. Indian J. Genet. Plant. Breed. 79 (1), 155–161 (2019). 12. Gauch, H. G. … Becker HC Leon JI Stability analysis in plant breeding Plant. Breed. 1988 101 1 1 23 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00261.x Becker, H. C. & Leon, J. I. Stability analysis in plant breeding. Plant. Breed. 101 (1), 1–23. 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00261.x (1988). 24. …

RsMYB8-RsMYB73 module positively regulates parthenocarpic fruitsetting via elevating RsGA3ox9 expression in seedless chestnut rose (Rosa sterilis).

Fruit growth and development are generally initiated following successful pollination and fertilization. Seedless chestnut rose (Rosa sterilis), an elite promising fruit tree for both edible and medicinal purposes due to the extremely high vitamin C and superior quality, exhibits a naturally parthenocarpic character, however the underlying mechanism has been still unclear so far. Currently, gibberellins (GAs) were justified as the key hormone for parthenocarpy induction in seedless chestnut rose by endogenous hormone analysis and exogenous plant growth regulator (PGR) application. In total, 43

Changes in the functional traits of Thymus mongolicus along environmental gradients and factors influencing the traits of Northern China.

Thymus mongolicus is a common medicinal and edible plant in grasslands of northern China. However, previous studies were limited to the production and utilization value of T. mongolicus, and only few studies have paid attention to the changes in the functional traits of wild T. mongolicus on a large scale. Therefore, this study examined 145 T. mongolicus specimens collected from northern China. By measuring 10 functional traits, including leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area, we analyzed the interplay between functional traits as a response to changes in environmental factors. Significant di

Genome-wide identification of the PLD gene family and its response to multiple abiotic stresses in soybean (Glycine max).

Phospholipase D (PLD) is a crucial enzyme hydrolyzing phospholipids to produce lipid messengers, which play pivotal roles in plant growth and adaptation to environmental stresses. However, a comprehensive characterization of the PLD gene family in soybean (Glycine max), particularly its functional relevance to nutrient deficiencies, remains limited. We identified 25 GmPLD genes in the soybean genome, all containing the conserved HKD catalytic domain. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into seven subfamilies, including two novelly identified φ subtypes (GmPLDφ1/2). Expression profiling revea

Genetic dissection of the soybean dwarf mutant dm with integrated genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic analyses.

Plant height affects crop production and breeding practices, while genetic control of dwarfism draws a broad interest of researchers. Dwarfism in soybean (Glycine max) is mainly unexplored. Here, we characterized a dwarf mutant dm screened from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutated seeds of the soybean cultivar Zhongpin 661(ZP). Phenotypically, dm showed shorter and thinner stems, smaller leaves, and more nodes than ZP under greenhouse conditions. Genetically, whole-genome sequencing and comparison revealed that 210K variants of SNPs and InDel in ZP relative to the soybean reference genome Will

Manipulation of Carotenoid Content in Plants to Improve Human Health.

Carotenoids are essential components for human nutrition and health, mainly due to their antioxidant and pro-vitamin A activity. Foods with enhanced carotenoid content and composition are essential to ensure carotenoid feasibility in malnourished population of many countries around the world, which is critical to alleviate vitamin A deficiency and other health-related disorders. The pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis is currently well understood, key steps of the pathways in different plant species have been characterized and the corresponding genes identified, as well as other regulatory elem

Strong pituitary and hypothalamic responses to photoperiod but not to 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone in female common voles (Microtus arvalis).

The annual cycle of changing day length (photoperiod) is widely used by animals to synchronise their biology to environmental seasonality. In mammals, melatonin is the key hormonal relay for the photoperiodic message, governing thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) production in the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary stalk. TSH acts on neighbouring hypothalamic cells known as tanycytes, which in turn control hypothalamic function through effects on thyroid hormone (TH) signalling, mediated by changes in expression of the type II and III deiodinases (Dio2 and Dio3, respectively). Among seasonally

Anther and Isolated Microspore Culture in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.).

Eggplant is one of the five important, worldwide-distributed solanaceous crops. The use of anther culture technology to produce pure, 100% homozygous doubled haploid lines for hybrid seed production is possible since 1982, where the first protocol of wide application to different eggplant materials was published. From then on, different improvements and adaptations to different materials have been made. In parallel, protocols to implement isolated microspore culture technology in eggplant have been developed principally in the last decade, which opens the door for a more efficient DH productio

Multilocus half-tetrad analysis and centromere mapping in citrus: evidence of SDR mechanism for 2n megagametophyte production and partial chiasma interference in mandarin cv 'Fortune'.

The genetic structure of 2n gametes and, particularly, the parental heterozygosity restitution at each locus depends on the meiotic process by which they originated, with first-division restitution and second-division restitution (SDR) being the two major mechanisms. The origin of 2n gametes in citrus is still controversial, although sexual polyploidisation is widely used for triploid seedless cultivar development. In this study, we report the analysis of 2n gametes of mandarin cv 'Fortune' by genotyping 171 triploid hybrids with 35 simple sequence repeat markers. The microsatellite DNA allele