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Traditional herbal medicine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis with association rule analysis.

IntroductionThis systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the preventive efficacy and safety of orally-administered traditional herbal medicine (THM) for the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in patients with cancer.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of orally-administered THM in the prevention of CIPN published up to 30 April 2024 were retrieved from nine databases. The primary outcome was the incidence of CIPN, and the secondary outcomes included changes in neuropathic pain intensity, nerve conduction study parameters, Karnof

Targeting the two-pore channel 2 in cancer progression and metastasis.

The importance of Ca2+ signaling, and particularly Ca2+ channels, in key events of cancer cell function such as proliferation, metastasis, autophagy and angiogenesis, has recently begun to be appreciated. Of particular note are two-pore channels (TPCs), a group of recently identified Ca2+-channels, located within the endolysosomal system. TPC2 has recently emerged as an intracellular ion channel of significant pathophysiological relevance, specifically in cancer, and interest in its role as an anti-cancer drug target has begun to be explored. Herein, an overview of the cancer-related functions

Current and emerging therapeutic options in adrenocortical cancer treatment.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a very rare endocrine tumour, with variable prognosis, depending on tumour stage and time of diagnosis. The overall survival is five years from detection. Radical surgery is considered the therapy of choice in the first stages of ACC. However postoperative disease-free survival at 5 years is only around 30% and recurrence rates are frequent. o,p'DDD (ortho-, para'-, dichloro-, diphenyl-, dichloroethane, or mitotane), an adrenolytic drug with significant toxicity and unpredictable therapeutic response, is used in the treatment of ACC. Unfortunately, treatment f

Advances in Gold Nanoparticle-Based Combined Cancer Therapy.

According to the global cancer observatory (GLOBOCAN), there are approximately 18 million new cancer cases per year worldwide. Cancer therapies are largely limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the maximum tolerated dose is presently being used to treat cancer patients. The integrated development of innovative nanoparticle (NP) based approaches will be a key to address one of the main issues in both radiotherapy and chemotherapy: normal tissue toxicity. Among other inorganic NP systems, gold nanoparticle (GNP) based systems offer the means to fur

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… Platinum compounds: A new class of potent antitumour agents. Nature. 1969;222:385–386. doi: 10.1038/222385a0. 143. Wang D., Lippard S.J. Cellular processing of platinum anticancer drugs. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2005;4:307–320. doi: 10.1038/nrd1691. 144. Kelland L. …

Recent Insights into the Creation of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Human Diseases.

This review examines publications over the past two years devoted to histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, diseases of the nervous, cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems, and autoimmune diseases. The review covers various classes of histone deacetylase inhibitors depending on the zinc-binding group, in particular hydroxamic acids, benzamides, hydrazides, carboxylic acids, and cyclic peptides. The review pays special attention to the mechanisms of development of pathologies involving various isoforms of histone deacetylases. The review shows that, for the trea

Cancer therapy-associated Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: A narrative review of mechanisms, drug associations, and clinical implications.

Anticancer therapies have been increasingly associated with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC). As prior reports remain fragmented across case studies and drug-specific reviews, this paper offers one of the most comprehensive reviews to date of cancer therapy-associated TTC. While classically triggered by emotional or physical stress, TTC has been increasingly associated with chemotherapy and other cancer-directed therapies. This literature review explores the pathophysiology, clinical features, and evolving evidence linking anticancer agents to TTC, with a focus on cytotoxic cancer therapy, hormo

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… Cytotoxic agents—including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), anthracyclines, antimetabolites, platinum compounds, and combination regimens such as carboplatin and paclitaxel have been temporally linked to TTC in the literature [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [ …

Using Dose-Escalation and -Expansion Cohort Study as Pivotal Trial for Targeted Anticancer Drug Approval.

Early-phase clinical trials (EPCTs) have been increasingly adopted as the pivotal trial to support US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of novel anticancer drugs. Among EPCT designs, dose-escalation and -expansion cohort (DEEC) substantially reduces the time and resources that are required in the traditional three-phase paradigm. DEEC facilitates expedited approvals of investigational drugs, particularly those targeting novel mechanisms, helping to address the pressing needs of patients with cancer. From 2012 to 2023, DEECs provided pivotal trial evidence that supported the FDA appro

A Systematic Review of Herbal Medicine for Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

BackgroundChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common adverse effect in cancer patients. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of herbal medicine in preventing and treating CIPN.MethodsRandomised controlled trials were included in this review. Extracting and assessing the data independently, two authors searched 13 databases.ResultsTwenty-eight trials involving 2174 patients met the inclusion criteria. Although there were some exceptions, the methodological quality was typically low. Seventeen trials reported the incidence rate of CIPN assessed by various too

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, Antibody-Drug Conjugates, and Bispecific Antibodies in Oncogene-Driven Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Evolving Roles in Treatment Sequencing and Resistance Management.

The treatment landscape of oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has evolved substantially with the development of targeted therapies directed against actionable molecular alterations. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remain the cornerstone of treatment for many driver-defined subsets; however, acquired resistance, central nervous system progression, and tumor heterogeneity continue to limit long-term disease control. This review examines the mechanistic foundations, clinical evidence, resistance patterns, and emerging therapeutic roles of TKIs, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a

Medicinal chemistry perspectives on anticancer drug design based on clinical applications (2015-2025).

Cancer therapy has undergone a remarkable evolution over the past few decades, driven largely by innovations in medicinal chemistry. This review explores the pivotal role of medicinal chemistry in designing, optimizing, and classifying anticancer agents, from traditional cytotoxics to modern targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and radiotheranostics. The article categorizes FDA-approved anticancer drugs (2015-2025), evaluates their mechanisms of action, structural features, and structure-activity relationships (SAR), and highlights both success stories and challenges in clinical translation. A

XPO1: From basic research to clinical treatment (Review).

Exportin 1 (XPO1) is a key nuclear export receptor that mediates the nuclear export of tumor suppressor proteins and growth‑regulatory mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In several types of cancer, XPO1 is overexpressed or hyperactivated, leading to aberrant cytoplasmic sequestration of key tumor suppressors such as p53, p21, p73, FOXO and Rb. This mislocalization abrogates their nuclear transcriptional functions, disrupting cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA repair, thereby promoting uncontrolled proliferation, survival and therapy resistance. Targeting XPO1 with selective inhibitors

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH): Optimal Management.

Hyponatremia, defined as serum sodium concentration <135 mEq/l, is the most common electrolyte balance disorder in clinical practice. Many causes are listed, but syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is certainly the most relevant, mainly in oncological and hospitalized patients. In this review, the pathophysiological and clinical aspects are described in detail. Patients' extensive medical history and structured physical and biochemical tests are considered the milestones marking the way of the SIADH management as to provide early detection and proper correction. We

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… compounds, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Pentostatin, Targeted therapies, Immune checkpoint inhibitors Antidiabetic Drugs Chlorpropamide, Tolbutamide Others Opiates, MDMA, Interferon, Levamisole, NSAIDs, Clofibrate, Nicotine, Amiodarone, PPI, MABs Vasopressin Analogues Desmopressin … Among platinum compounds, cisplatin is associated with hyponatremia more than carboplatin. …

Critical analysis of the prescription and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies approved in Germany for the outpatient setting from 2010-2021.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are increasingly being launched on the German market and account for a growing share of total drug costs every year. In 2021 alone, eleven monoclonal antibodies were among the 30 best-selling drugs, accounting for 9.91% of total drug costs. In contrast, a considerable additional benefit of the newly introduced monoclonal antibodies is not predominantly demonstrable. Therefore, our objective was to analyze the drug prescriptions and associated costs in comparison to the benefit assessment of the Federal Joint Committee (GBA). This paper analyzes 62 monoclonal antibo

Immune System and DNA Repair Defects in Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Locoregional Approaches.

In the last few years, substantial progress has been made in the treatment of ovarian cancer, with increased knowledge about the biology of the disease. Ovarian cancer is a neoplasm strongly linked to defects in DNA repair mechanisms, where deficiency in the homologous recombination (HR) system results in a better response of ovarian cancers to therapy, whether platinum-based chemotherapy, anthracyclines, or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. More recently, it has been demonstrated that different ovarian cancer histotypes may have different immunogenicity. Interestingly, defects i

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… MMR-deficient tumors were shown to be more frequently resistant to chemotherapy, and in particular to methylating agents and platinum compounds [ 67 ]. …

An Overview of Polymeric Nanoparticles-Based Drug Delivery System in Cancer Treatment.

Cancer is recognized as one of the world's deadliest diseases, with more than 10 million new cases each year. Over the past 2 decades, several studies have been performed on cancer to pursue solutions for effective treatment. One of the vital benefits of utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer treatment is their high adaptability for modification and amalgamation of different physicochemical properties to boost their anti-cancer activity. Various nanomaterials have been designed as nanocarriers attributing nontoxic and biocompatible drug delivery systems with improved bioactivity. The present

Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel drugs that exploit the specificity of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to reach target antigens expressed on cancer cells for the delivery of a potent cytotoxic payload. ADCs provide a unique opportunity to deliver drugs to tumor cells while minimizing toxicity to normal tissue, achieving wider therapeutic windows and enhanced pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. To date, nine ADCs have been approved by the FDA and more than 80 ADCs are under clinical development worldwide. In this paper, we provide an overview of the biology and chemistry of each co

Renaissance of Traditional Mineral Drugs in Cancer: Advanced Delivery Strategies and Bioengineering Approaches.

Traditional mineral drugs represent an underexploited reservoir of natural antitumor agents; however, their clinical translation has historically been hindered by poor bioavailability, non-specific biodistribution, and dose-limiting toxicity. This review comprehensively examines the pharmacological mechanisms and modern formulation strategies driving the renaissance of mineral-based oncology therapeutics. We highlight how mineral drugs exert potent anticancer effects through interconnected pathways, including regulated cell death (e.g., apoptosis, ferroptosis), cell-cycle arrest, and immunomod

Accelerating progress in early triple-negative breast cancer: A viewpoint on antibody-drug conjugates, back from St Gallen breast cancer conference 2021.

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) is associated with an aggressive disease course, and limited treatment options. The recent accelerated drug development in the space of mTNBC has been driven by a precision-medicine approach, with the potential to deliver more personalized treatments and result in better outcomes. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have introduced a novel paradigm in the space of mTNBC, leading to the approval of the first targeted agent in this setting. The research and development of ADCs comes in parallel with the identification of tumor-specific targets of phar

Phytochemicals as Chemo-Preventive Agents and Signaling Molecule Modulators: Current Role in Cancer Therapeutics and Inflammation.

Cancer is one of the deadliest non communicable diseases. Numerous anticancer medications have been developed to target the molecular pathways driving cancer. However, there has been no discernible increase in the overall survival rate in cancer patients. Therefore, innovative chemo-preventive techniques and agents are required to supplement standard cancer treatments and boost their efficacy. Fruits and vegetables should be tapped into as a source of compounds that can serve as cancer therapy. Phytochemicals play an important role as sources of new medication in cancer treatment. Some synthet

Chemotherapy-Mediated Complications of Wound Healing: An Understudied Side Effect.

Significance: Chemotherapy is a primary method to treat cancer. While chemotherapeutic drugs are designed to target rapidly dividing cancer cells, they can also affect other cell types. In the case of dermal cells and macrophages involved in wound healing, cytotoxicity often leads to the development of chronic wounds. The situation becomes even more severe when chemotherapy is combined with surgical tumor excision. Recent Advances: Despite its significant impact on patients' recovery from surgery, the issue of delayed wound healing in individuals undergoing chemotherapy remains inadequately ex