Результаты поиска

Progress in understanding the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) arises in people who have a genetic susceptibility to environmental factors and events, which ultimately trigger the … 's 2013 classification, including clinical and MRI signs of activity, and new imaging biomarkers of remyelination are now being investigated for new strategies of MS management.

Protective role of the lipid phosphatase Fig4 in the adult nervous system.

The signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate, PI(3,5)P2, functions in vesicular trafficking through the endo-lysosomal compartm … sion, repair of damaged CNS myelin is significantly delayed, demonstrating a novel role for Fig4 in remyelination. Thus, in the adult PNS Fig4 is required to protect myelinated axons from Wallerian degeneration. In the adult CNS, Fig4 is dispensable for fiber stability and nerve conduction, but is required for the timely repair of damaged white matter. The grea …

Olig1 is required for noggin-induced neonatal myelin repair.

OBJECTIVE: Neonatal white matter injury (NWMI) is a lesion found in preterm infants that can lead to cerebral palsy. Although antagonists of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, such as Noggin, promote oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) production after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury, the downstream functional targets are poorly understood. The basic helix-loop-helix protein, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 (Olig1), promotes oligodendrocyte (OL) development and is essential during remyelination in adult mice. Here, we investigated whether Olig1 function is required downstream of …

Dynamic regulation of Schwann cell enhancers after peripheral nerve injury.

Myelination of the peripheral nervous system is required for axonal function and long term stability. After peripheral nerve injury, Schwann cells transition from axon myelination to a demyelinated state that supports neuronal survival and ultimately remyelination of axons. Reprogramming of gene expression patterns during development and injury responses is shaped by the actions of distal regulatory elements that integrate the actions of multiple transcription factors. We used ChIP-seq to measure changes in histone H3K27 acetylation, a mark of active enhancers, to identify enhancers in myelina…

Tissue-engineered conduit promotes sciatic nerve regeneration following radiation-induced injury as monitored by magnetic resonance imaging.

PURPOSE: To observe the longitudinal changes in peripheral nerve repaired with chitosan conduits in a rat model of radiation-induced neuropa … re rapidly than SIs in other groups. The histological assessments indicated that group A had better remyelination, combined with higher CMAPs amplitude and SFI score than other groups. CONCLUSION: A single fraction dose of 40 Gy can be used to establish a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. Longitudinal electrophysiological examination and MR neurography are us …

Saccade dynamics in peripheral vs central sixth nerve palsies.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences between peripheral idiopathic and central sixth nerve palsies from brainstem damage by comparing peak … generation within the brain. Saccade speeds are repaired in chronic peripheral palsies, probably by remyelination and axonal regeneration, and perhaps also by central monocular adaptation of innervation selectively to the paretic eye, in order to drive both eyes rapidly and simultaneously into the paretic field of motion.

Supplemental myo-inositol prevents L-fucose-induced diabetic neuropathy.

Nerve myo-inositol depletion, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute experimental diabetic neuropathy, can be reproduced in … opathy. Dietary myo-inositol supplementation prevented these structural changes and increased nodal remyelination, supporting a role of myo-inositol depletion in the genesis of early diabetic neuropathy. The L-fucose model system may therefore serve as an experimental tool to elucidate the pathophysiological role of isolated myo-inositol depletion and its conse …

Abrogation of resistance to Theiler's virus-induced demyelination in C57BL mice by total body irradiation.

Theiler's murine encephalitis virus (TMEV) produces an unusual biphasic disease in susceptible mice characterized by poliomyelitis with earl … ddition, the majority of irradiated C57BL/10 mice infected with virus showed extensive areas of CNS remyelination by oligodendrocytes beginning at 63 days post-infection. In contrast, immunosuppression of normally susceptible B10.S mice resulted in acute disease and high mortality accompanied by overwhelming destruction of neurons. The study supports the hypoth …

Imaging Traumatic Brain Injuries in Mice with Potassium Channel PET Tracer [18F]3F4AP.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to secondary injuries, including axon and myelin damage, which contributes to long-term neurological d … logical evidence of demyelination. Tracer uptake gradually declined over time, reflecting potential remyelination. The concussive TBI model showed a smaller and more diffuse increase in uptake at 7 dpi compared to CCI. [18F]3F4AP PET imaging effectively detects demyelination following TBI with a very high sensitivity to penetrating injuries. These findings high …

Tetanus toxoid immunoprophylaxis boosts cognitive function by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and white matter myelination in ageing experimental mice.

Tetanus toxoid (TT), a widely administered prophylactic immunogen, not only provides protection against tetanus but also exerts neuromodulat … al apoptosis. Overall, these findings demonstrate TT as a potential modulator of neuroregeneration, remyelination and neuroprotection, emphasizing its therapeutic potential for enhancing cognitive function.

Chiral MoS2-based nanozymes co-delivering indole-3-propionic acid synergistically inhibit ferroptosis and reprogram metabolism for enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration.

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) affects over one million people annually, causing profound functional deficits and substantial s … metabolic stability under oxidative stress, leading to improved axonal regeneration, angiogenesis, remyelination, and motor function recovery. CONCLUSION: The controlled-release chiral nanozyme system effectively targets the oxidative stress-ferroptosis axis, restoring mitochondrial energy metabolism and preventing Schwann cell ferroptosis, thereby promoting …

Beyond motor recovery: Stem cell-derived exosomes for sensory restoration and neuropathic pain relief after spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes persistent neurological deficits that extend beyond motor impairment, with sensory dysfunction and neuropath … 8/NF-κB signaling, reducing neuroinflammation and pathological nociceptive signaling, and promoting remyelination and tissue repair. Exosomes also preserve blood-spinal cord barrier integrity through regulation of endothelial cells, pericytes, matrix metalloproteinases, and vascular signaling, for both motor and sensory recovery. Finally, we discuss challenges …

The pivotal role of cholesterol metabolism in peripheral nerve regeneration.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains a significant clinical challenge due to the difficulty in achieving complete structural and functional recovery after injury. Recent studies have demonstrated that cholesterol metabolism serves not only as an essential substrate for myelin formation and maintenance, but also exerts critical regulatory roles in axonal regeneration, Schwann cell reprogramming, inflammatory modulation, and remyelination following injury. However, the complex mechanisms linking cholesterol metabolism to peripheral nerve regeneration remain insufficiently elucidated. Existing e…

Peripheral Nerve Injury and Denervation-Induced Sarcopenia with a Focus on Pharmacological Dual-Target Strategies.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) causes rapid disruption of neuromuscular connectivity, leading to sarcopenia characterized by muscle wasting, … hat enhances nerve conduction, and clemastine, an antihistamine that promotes Schwann cell-mediated remyelination. These compounds represent a potential dual approach to accelerating nerve repair while maintaining muscle viability. We also explore muscle-centered molecular strategies, focusing on pathways such as Forkhead box protein O (FOXO), Glycogen synthase …

Reprogramming the oxidative microenvironment: Antioxidant nanoplatforms for central nervous system repair.

Acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries-such as ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and spinal cord injury (SCI)-trigger a se … apoptotic cascades, and creates a permissive microenvironment conducive to axonal regeneration and remyelination across stroke, TBI, and SCI models. Finally, we outline the critical translational challenges that must be addressed to transition these nanoplatforms into clinical practice, emphasizing the need for long-term biodistribution and immunotoxicity prof …

Partial hearing recovery after cochlear nerve surface transplantation of hair follicle-derived neural crest stem cells in neural hearing loss rat.

BACKGROUND: Stem cell therapy offers promise for the neurodegenerative diseases and has been explored for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). … ls and glial cells in the RC, accompanied by enhanced myelin basic protein expression suggestive of remyelination. No such improvements were observed in the RWT group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that cochlear nerve surface transplantation enhances stem cell survival and auditory function recovery, and represents a promising delivery approach for stem …

Lipid droplets as redox-active organelles after spinal cord injury: lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation.

OBJECTIVES: Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes myelin breakdown and membrane disruption, leading to the release and redistribution of cholester … detoxification and transfer, neuronal oxidative injury, blood-spinal cord barrier dysfunction, and remyelination. RESULTS: We propose that LDs are not passive markers of lipid deposition after SCI but stage- and cell-type-dependent redox-metabolic regulators. Early LD formation may buffer acute lipid overload, whereas persistent oxidative stress, mitochondria …

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-based models for studying neural repair.

Injuries and degenerative diseases of the human nervous system result in irreversible functional loss, reflecting the limited regenerative c … lial cells, Schwann cells, and neuromuscular junction models in elucidating axon-glia interactions, remyelination, and circuit-level repair mechanisms. Together, human iPSC-based models offer unprecedented insight into the cellular and molecular determinants of human neural regeneration, thereby overcoming the limitations of animal systems. While challenges rem …

Decoding the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-JAK/STAT signaling axis in multiple sclerosis: mechanistic crosstalk and therapeutic opportunities.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated neurodegenerative disorder characterized by demyelination, axonal injury, and progressi … w further highlights the context-dependent role of mTOR signaling, which may simultaneously support remyelination and oligodendrocyte maturation while contributing to neurodegeneration when excessively activated. In addition to immune-cell-mediated mechanisms, emerging evidence demonstrates critical contributions of neuronal, glial, endothelial, and oligodendro …

Специфические сети miRNA-mRNA в серой и белой материи из прогрессивных множественных склерозов.

ЦЕЛЬ: Множественный склероз (MS) — нейродегенеративное демиелинирующее заболевание центральной нервной системы. Цель этого исследования заключалась в выявлении сетей регулирования микро-РНК (миРНК)-мРНК, лежащих в основе региональных молекулярных механизмов в белой материи и повреждения серы в прогрессивных MS. МЕТОДЫ: Глобальное miRNA и mRNA профилирование выражений ранее проводилось на белых и серых тканях, поврежденных после смерти прогрессивных умов MS. Эти наборы данных были интегрированы с помощью анализа Ингенитетных путей (ИПА) для выявления обогащенных канонических путей на основе экс

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. This study aimed to identify … gulatory mechanisms that contribute to region-specific impairment of oligodendrocyte maturation and remyelination.