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LOUPING-ILL VIRUS SEROSURVEY OF WILLOW PTARMIGAN (LAGOPUS LAGOPUS LAGOPUS) IN NORWAY.

In Norway, the Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus lagopus) is experiencing population declines and is nationally Red Listed as Near Threatene … her north and at higher altitudes because of the absence of the main vector, the sheep tick (Ixodes ricinus). We collected serum samples on Nobuto filter paper and used a hemagglutination inhibition assay for antibodies against LIV. We collected data at both local and country-wide levels. For local sampling, we collected and analyzed 87 hunter-collected s …

Detection of antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis flaviviruses in breeding and sport horses from Spain.

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and louping-ill virus (LIV) are two closely related zoonotic flaviviruses leading to neurological diseases and belonging to the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) serocomplex. Both viruses are transmitted by the same ixodid tick vector, Ixodes ricinus. Due to global warming affecting vector biology and pathogen transmission, the viruses pose an emerging threat for public health in Europe and Asia. These flaviviruses share some hosts, like sheep, goats and humans, although the main hosts for LIV and TBEV are sheep and small rodents, respectively. Whereas LIV has …

One out of ten: low sampling efficiency of cloth dragging challenges abundance estimates of questing ticks.

Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) act as important vectors of zoonotic pathogens. For instance, Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochetes pose a seve … ternoon dragging, a second dragging was conducted on the same transect immediately. Captured Ixodes ricinus ticks were subsequently analysed for tick-borne pathogens. The initial population size of nymphal ticks on a transect was approximated by the accumulated nymph catch from the dragging sessions. The sampling efficiency of the cloth dragging was low, …

Experimental study of micro-habitat selection by ixodid ticks feeding on avian hosts.

Mechanisms of on-host habitat selection of parasites are important to the understanding of host-parasite interactions and evolution. To this … h different ecologies and host specificities were studied on avian hosts. Ixodes arboricola, Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes frontalis were put on the head, belly and back of adult great tits (Parus major) and adult domestic canaries (Serinus canaria domestica) which were either restricted or not in their grooming capabilities. Without exception, ticks were eve …

Clinical investigations and treatment outcome in a European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris) infected by cardio-pulmonary nematodes.

Recently, feline cardio-pulmonary nematodes have attracted high scientific interest, as they are increasingly reported from various areas. M … tozoon felis and elements morphologically compatible with small Babesia/Cytauxzoon spp., and Ixodes ricinus and Haemaphysalis erinacei ticks. Treatment with a spot-on formulation containing imidacloprid 10% and moxidectin 1% (Advocate® spot-on solution for cats, Bayer) was decided and follow-up faecal examinations were performed until the release of the a …

Goats as sentinel hosts for the detection of tick-borne encephalitis risk areas in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an important tick-borne disease in Europe. Detection of the TBE virus (TBEV) in local populations of Ixodes ricinus ticks is the most reliable proof that a given area is at risk for TBE, but this approach is time-consuming and expensive. A cheaper and simpler approach is to use immunology-based methods to screen vertebrate hosts for TBEV-specific antibodies and subsequently test the tick populations at locations with seropositive animals. RESULTS: The purpose of the present study was to use goats as sentinel animals to identify new risk areas for T…

Inhibition of the classical pathway of the complement system by saliva of Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae).

Inhibition of the complement system during and after haematophagy is of utmost importance for tick success in feeding and tick development. The role of such inhibition is to minimise damage to the intestinal epithelium as well as avoiding inflammation and opsonisation of salivary molecules at the bite site. Despite its importance, the salivary anti-complement activity has been characterised only in species belonging to the Ixodes ricinus complex which saliva is able to inhibit the alternative and lectin pathways. Little is known about this activity in other species of the Ixodidae family. Thus…

Molecular investigation for bacterial and protozoan tick-borne pathogens in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from southern Germany.

Wild boars (Sus scrofa) have been suggested to be involved in the enzootic cycle of the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum. This … and AY886761). The sequence from the third tick was 100% similar to sequences obtained from Ixodes ricinus and roe deer from the same study area previously. Detecting a potentially human pathogenic A. phagocytophilum variant in wild boar confirms previous findings and is of public health interest. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. phagocyt …

Discovery of Dermacentor reticulatus (Acari: Amblyommidae) populations in the Lubuskie Province (Western Poland).

The distribution of the meadow tick, Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius) is divided into two separate areas-Western Europe and Eastern (Russ … he research indicates that D. reticulatus is the second most important tick in Poland, after Ixodes ricinus (L.), which is epidemiologically very important, especially as a parasite on dogs and cattle. The proliferation of the meadow tick in Central Europe is inseparably linked with the expansion of canine babesiosis.

Isolation and molecular characterization of a tick-borne encephalitis virus strain from a new tick-borne encephalitis focus with severe cases in Bavaria, Germany.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most important viral infection transmitted by ticks in Central Europe. In Germany, where TBE was classi … high mortality rate possibly due to a highly virulent TBEV strain. From 2005 till 2008, 2150 Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected and tested for the presence of TBE virus. Five TBEV-positive ticks were detected by real-time RT-PCR. A viable virus strain was isolated from one of the positive ticks sampled in 2005. This is the first TBE virus isolate from a …

Diversity of Ixodes-borne Borrelia species--clinical, pathogenetic, and diagnostic implications and impact on vaccine development.

Among Borrelia spirochetes carried by hard ticks belonging to the various Ixodes species, at least 10 species can be distinguished. Of these, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is involved in human Lyme borreliosis in North America and Europe, and Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii in human disease in Europe and Asia. The pathogenetic significance of the other species is uncertain. Although some of the Borrelia species are restricted to certain tick species, Ixodes ricinus, the vector of Lyme borreliosis in Europe, can be infested by at least five different species, including all three path…

Sensitization to Zygophyllum fabago pollen. A clinical and immunologic study.

Zygophyllum fabago is a herbaceous plant found widely in the Mediterranean area. There are no previous reports of its allergenicity. An aero … patients, and CPT in 13 of 16 patients. RAST inhibition revealed cross-reactivity with Mercurialis, Ricinus, Olea, and Betula. SDS-PAGE identified 25 IgE antibody-binding components, five of which (60, 65, 41, 38, and 15.5/14.7 kDa) were recognized by 40% of the sera. By SDS-PAGE immunoblotting with sunflower antiprofilin rabbit serum and affinity chromat …

Galactose-containing glycoconjugates of the ciliary body and lens in capsular glaucoma: a lectin histochemical study.

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out in order to obtain information on galactose-containing glycoconjugates in the lens and ciliary body o … peanut (PNA) and Bauhinia purpurea alba (BPA) agglutinins and Gal(beta 1-->4)GlcNAc GlcNAc-reactive Ricinus communis (RCA-I) and Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA-E) agglutinins reacted strongly with exfoliation material, while binding of Gal(beta 1-->4)GlcNAc-reactive Erythrina cristagalli and GalNAc-reactive soybean, Caragana arborescens, Vicia villosa, Helix pom …

Cytochemical characterization of basement membranes in the enamel organ of the rat incisor.

Ameloblasts are unique epithelial cells, in that once they have deposited the entire thickness of enamel and the process of maturation begin … at incisor enamel organs embedded in Lowicryl K4M were stained with Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), Ricinus communis I agglutinin (RCA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Ulex europaeus I agglutinin (UEA). Samples from the late maturation stage were also reacted en bloc with lectins and embedded in Epon for transmission electron microscopic examination or p …

[Lyme disease and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in Europe].

Lyme disease is endemic in Europe. The strains of the causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, seem to be antigenically more heterogeneous than the North American isolates. The only documented vector for this bacterium in Europe is ixodes ricinus, but other vectors might be involved as observed in the United States. The tick hosts are not yet well documented in Europe. Human infection occurs principally during summer months. The clinical aspect of the disease has particular features in Europe: at the early stage of the disease, a single and large erythema chronicum migrans is observed on the ski…

Changes in the distribution of endothelial surface glycoconjugates associated with altered permeability of brain micro-blood vessels.

Lectin-binding sites located on the endothelial cell (EC) surfaces in unaltered, leaking and resorbing micro-blood vessels (MBVs) in cryo-injured cat brain were studied. Lectin or glycoprotein-gold complexes and brain samples embedded in hydrophilic resin Lowicryl K4M were used. The lectins tested recognize the following residues: beta-D-galactosyl (Ricinus communis agglutinin 120, RCA and peanut agglutinin, PNA), sialyl (Limax flavus agglutinin), N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl (Helix pomatia agglutinin and soybean agglutinin, SBA), alpha-D-glucosyl and alpha-D-mannosyl (concanavalin A). The lumina…

[Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe (author's transl)].

Tick-borne encephalitis is the major european arbovirosis. It is observed in Soviet Union, Central and Western Europe and Scandinavian count … s belong to various species of a same genus; Ixodes persulcatus in Far-Eastern Soviet Union, Ixodes ricinus in other european foci. Small rodents (field-mouse, vole) are mainly the prime vertebrate hosts. Man is more often infected by the tick bite, more rarely by ingestion of new milk from infected domestic animals. Prognosis of the disease is under geog …

A narrative review of climate- and environment-dependent dynamics of vector-borne diseases in the Nordic region: evidence from Finland.

INTRODUCTION: Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose a growing threat to human and animal health, driven by complex interactions among and betwee … ve increased, whereas SINV and tularaemia show cyclical patterns. The principal tick vectors Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus are expanding geographically, while key mosquito vectors, Aedes cinereus/geminus and Culex pipiens/torrentium, are widespread. Rising temperatures and extended growing seasons promote vector activity and pathogen development, …

Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and its genetic variability in five European countries.

The Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. complex is known for its complex genome and significant genetic variability. We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to study the genetic variability of Borrelia in five European countries: Slovakia, Croatia, Ukraine, Finland and Bulgaria. We compared the prevalence, genospecies spectrum and genetic variability of Borrelia in 4013 questing Ixodes ricinus ticks. The highest prevalence of Borrelia was found in Slovakia (26.7 %) and Ukraine (22 %), while in Finland and Bulgaria the prevalence was found to be 12.4 % and 7.2 %, respectively. Genospecies diversity was…

Данные, свидетельствующие о том, что вирус энцефалита, передаваемый тиками, нейтрализует антитела у сербских лиц, подвергающихся воздействию укусов тика.

ВСТУПЛЕНИЕ: Энцефалит, трансмиссивный тиком (ТБЭ), представляет собой нарождающееся векторное и пищевое заболевание, вызванное вирусом энцефалита (ТБЭВ; ортофлавирус энцефалитида), которое распространяется на евразийский континент. Несмотря на его значительное воздействие на здоровье населения в различных европейских регионах, ТБЭ по-прежнему в значительной мере не диагностированы в Сербии из-за ограниченности осведомленности и проблем с диагностикой. В ответ на это наше исследование было направлено на всестороннюю оценку воздействия ТБЭВ на лиц, поражаемых клещами, и выявление потенциальных Т

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an emerging vector-borne and food-borne disease caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus ( … e concentration in proximity to Fruška Gora Mountain. The ticks most frequently removed were Ixodes ricinus, with nymphs and adult females being the predominant stages. On average, nymphs were removed after about 27.1 hours of feeding, while adult females remained attached for approximately 44.4 hours. Notably, we found age as a significant predictor of i …