Результаты поиска

Mechanism of zedoary turmeric oil multi-components targeting S100A14 to reprogram astrocytes against tumor brain metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Zedoary Turmeric Oil (ZTO) is an active extract derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Ezhu, which is conventionally used … tion effects in LLC S100A14 lung cancer. ZTO remodeled the BrM microenvironment by regulating GFAP+ astrocytes via the NF-κB pathway, inhibiting migration, invasion, EMT, and MMPs. Additionally, ZTO dose-dependently suppressed the secretion of IL-6, CCL2, and CXCL1, thereby reducing recruitment of both P-MDSCs and M-MDSCs. Multi-analysis revealed that Curdio …

Microglial mitochondria transfer to astrocytes via GPNMB-enriched extracellular vesicles alleviates cognitive deficits in tauopathy mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline. The precise molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of AD remain elusive. Here we show that glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is produced by microglia and transferred to astrocytes through extracellular vesicles (EVs) in PS19 tau pathology mice. Tau is cleaved in microglia to generate N-terminal fragments that form a complex on mitochondria with Parkin/Nix and GPNMB, promoting the secretion of EVs containing mitochondria. Functional mitochondria transferred …

Antagonistic Activity of Anandamide on Tat-treated Human Astrocytes Identifies Inflammaging Pathways: Anandamide Affects Aging Pathways.

PURPOSE: The endocannabinoid system can suppress inflammatory environment by regulating inflammatory mechanisms in immune and glial cells. Astrocytes secrete soluble inflammatory mediators. Prolonged activation of astrocytes is associated with accelerated aging in the central nervous system. MicroRNAs are increasingly shown to be critical gene regulators during inflammation and gliosis. In this study, we investigated the microRNA changes affected by anandamide (AEA), a dominant endocannabinoid in normal human astrocytes, following exposure to the HIV-1 Tat (Trans-activator of transcription) pr…

Astrocytes at the crossroads of obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer's disease: from oxygen sensing to neurodegeneration.

PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, and it has been increasingly linked to cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Growing evidence suggests that vascular risk factors and sleep-related breathing disorders such as OSA may contribute to AD disease onset and progression. This review aims to explore astrocytes as a potential mechanistic link between OSA and AD. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database using combinations of …

NLRP3 inflammasome activation in astrocytes restricts SARS-CoV-2 through gasdermin-D-driven IL-1β release.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third highly pathogenic coronavirus to emerge in humans in recent decades. Although primarily a respiratory virus, SARS-CoV-2 can invade the central nervous system (CNS), leading to severe neurological manifestations such as stroke, encephalopathy, and memory loss. However, the mechanisms by which neural cells control SARS-CoV-2 infection remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 and its Nucleocapsid (N) and Spike (S) proteins induce classical NLRP3 inflammasome activation in astrocytes. Notably, astrocyte…

Тип I I IFNs в EAE приводит синаптические транскрипционные реакции в нейронах и астроцитах в мозге.

Нейрональная патология играет важную роль в когнитивных и нейропатических симптомах множественного склероза; однако мало что известно об этих патологических сигналах для нейронов мозга и их последствиях для когниции. Здесь, с помощью трансгенного репортера IFN, сигнализирующего с пространственным секвенированием RNA, мы определили аутоиммунные Т клетки миелин в мозг через интерфейс между фимбрией и третьим желудочками. Здесь астроциты и микроглиа выражают высокий уровень записей, связанных с MHC-II. Используя этого репортера, мы также показали, что микроглия внутри мозга не является непосредст

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neuronal pathology plays a prominent role in the cognitive and neuropathic symptoms of multiple sclerosis; however, little is known about th … lls enter the brain parenchyma through the interface between the fimbria and third ventricle. Here, astrocytes and microglia express high levels of MHC-II-associated transcripts. Using this reporter, we also showed microglia within the brain are not direct responders of IFNs, but express transcripts associated with synaptic pruning, potentially contributing …

Human Astrocytes Express Functional Protease-Activated Receptors that Increase Their Reactive Phenotype Under Certain Culture Conditions.

BACKGROUND: Protease-activated receptors are G protein-coupled receptors with a novel activation mechanism by which proteases cleave the N-t … of amyloid pathology. However, whether functional protease-activated receptors are present in human astrocytes and if they alter their reactivity state is unknown. METHODS: Commercially available human astrocytes were cultured in serum and serum-free media, and the presence of functional PARs was investigated using standard Ca2+ imaging techniques. Immunocy …

Curcumin Rescues Oxidative Stress-Induced Impairment of PINK1/Parkin Pathway-Mediated Mitophagy in APOE4-Expressing Astrocytes.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by deterioration in memory, cognition, and lear … vestigates abnormal changes in mitochondrial function and autophagy in humanized APOE4 mice primary astrocytes under oxidative stress, as well as the regulatory effect of curcumin (Cur) on mitophagy and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, thereby exploring its potential to ameliorate AD through targeting mitophagy. Mitochondrial function analysis revealed th …

Treg cells protect astrocytes from ferroptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage by activating the HIF-1α/Hmox1 pathway.

BACKGROUND: Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells play a central role in maintaining immune homeostasis by suppressing excessive immune responses … e central nervous system, there is only limited research on the direct and specific interactions of astrocytes and Tregcells in SAH. This knowledge gap motivated us to conduct the present studies. METHODS: Establish a mouse model of SAH. Using in vitro experiments, Tregcells were co-cultured with astrocytes, using oxygenated hemoglobin (OxyHb) to induce a p …

MCHR1 in Both Dopaminergic Neurons and Astrocytes in the SNpc Contributes to Acupuncture's Anti-Parkinsonian Effects.

Acupuncture stimulation at the GB34 acupoint has been reported to alleviate motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) by activating the … D remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that MCHR1 is expressed in both dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes within the SNpc, with higher expression in dopaminergic neurons. We further demonstrate that cell-type-specific gene-silencing of MCHR1 in either dopaminergic neurons or astrocytes significantly blocks acupuncture-induced motor recovery and dopamine …

APOE3 and APOE4 human astrocytes differentially modulate Alzheimer's disease pathology and microglial responses in chimeric mice.

Astrocytes and APOE are strongly implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the impact of astrocytes carrying different APOE variants on AD hallmarks remains incompletely understood. Here, we generate a chimeric model of AD by transplanting isogenic APOE3 or APOE4 human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocyte progenitors into neonatal AD mice. Donor cells differentiate into human astrocytes that integrate into the cortex and display morphologies consistent with interlaminar-like astrocytes. APOE3 and APOE4 astrocytes differ in expression of APOE, which associates differentially with A…

Establishing a Microfluidic Co-Culture Blood-Brain Barrier Model Using Human Brain Endothelial Cells and Astrocytes.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective physiological interface that regulates molecular transport between the bloodstream and the central nervous system. In vitro BBB models are valuable tools for studying endothelial barrier formation, cell-cell interactions, and responses to dynamic flow conditions. This protocol describes the establishment of a three-dimensional microfluidic co-culture BBB model using human brain endothelial cells and primary human astrocytes cultured in separate but interconnected compartments of a microfluidic chip. The protocol includes chip preparation, ext…

Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 Suppress Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Gene Expression in Microglia and Astrocytes, Unlike Rb2.

Neuroinflammation, mediated by activated microglia and astrocytes, contributes to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Ginsenosides derived from Panax ginseng possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, the comparative efficacy of structurally distinct ginsenosides and their activity across multiple glial cell types remains incompletely understood. In this study, we systematically compared the effects of ginsenosides Rb1 (protopanaxadiol-type), Rb2 (protopanaxadiol-type), and Rg1 (protopanaxatriol-type) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV2 microglia and C8-D1A astrocytes. Fol…

Histone Deacetylases in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Potential Role as Therapeutic Targets: Shedding Light on Astrocytes.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are crucial enzymes involved in the regulation of gene expression through chromatin remodeling, impacting numer … d molecular therapeutic targets. Emerging evidence suggests that HDACi can modulate the function of astrocytes, a glial cell type critically involved in neuroinflammation, synaptic regulation, and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Consequently, HDACi targeting astrocytic pathways represent a novel approach in NDDs therapy. By modulating HDAC act …

Spinal dopamine D1/D2 receptor complex stimulates NGF release to activate astrocytes and promote neuropathic pain.

AIMS: Blocking peripheral nerve growth factor (NGF) obviously alleviated neuropathic pain, however, the effect and mechanism of spinal NGF in neuropathic pain are remain controversial. This study further investigated the mechanism by which peripheral NGF is involved in neuropathic pain and found safe, natural compounds that target NGF to attenuate neuropathic pain. METHODS: Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve was used to instill neuropathic pain. Pain behaviors were assessed using Von Frey filaments and Hargreaves test. For in vitro studies, primary neurons and astrocytes w…

Glial fibrillary acidic protein vs. S100B to identify astrocytes impacted by sex and high fat diet.

The brain modulates energy balance by coordinating energy intake and energy expenditure to prevent metabolic diseases. Most research has focused on the role of neurons in this process, but recent work also implicates roles for astrocytes in energy balance. For example, astrocytes in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus become reactive after mice are fed high fat diet (HFD) and their altered function is thought to contribute to obesity. However, limitations in labeling astrocytes in other brain areas has hindered determination of their roles in normal and altered energy balance. Reactive ast…

Complex non-Markovian dynamics and the dual role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease development and propagation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder nowadays. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau proteins are among the main contributors to the AD progression. In AD, Aβ proteins clump together to form plaques and disrupt cell functions. On the other hand, the abnormal chemical change in the brain helps to build sticky tau tangles that block the neuron's transport system. Astrocytes generally maintain a healthy balance in the brain by clearing the Aβ plaques (toxic Aβ). However, overactivated astrocytes release chemokines and cytokines in the presence of Aβ and react to pro-inflammatory cy…

3-HKA Promotes Vascular Remodeling After Stroke by Modulating the Activation of A1/A2 Reactive Astrocytes.

Ischemic stroke is the most common cerebrovascular disease and the leading cause of permanent disability worldwide. Recent studies have show … ivation after stroke, and co-labeling studies indicated that AIM2 expression typically increased in astrocytes at 7 and 14 days after stroke. Consistently, in co-cultures of primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes, 3-HKA promoted angiogenesis after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). AIM2 overexpression in astrocytes abrogated 3-HKA- …

PPARβ/δ Activation Improves Corticosterone-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage in Astrocytes by Targeting UBR5/ATM Signaling.

Oxidative stress-mediated astrocytic damage contributes to nerve injury and the development of depression, especially under stress conditions. Peroxisomes and pexophagy are essential for balancing oxidative stress and protein degradation products. Our previous findings suggest that peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) activation significantly alleviates depressive behaviors by preventing astrocytic injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we established oxidative injury by treating astrocytes with corticosterone. Subsequently, PPARβ/…

APP antisense oligonucleotides are effective in rescuing mitochondrial phenotypes in human iPSC-derived trisomy 21 astrocytes.

INTRODUCTION: Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have shown promise in reducing amyloid precursor protein (APP) levels in neurons, but their effects in astrocytes, key contributors to neurodegenerative diseases, remain unclear. This study evaluates the efficacy of APP ASOs in astrocytes derived from an individual with Down syndrome (DS), a population at high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from a healthy individual and an individual with DS were differentiated into astrocytes. Astrocytes were treated with APP ASOs for 10 days, and APP l…