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Prenatal development of gastrointestinal function in the pig and the effects of fetal esophageal obstruction.

Maturation of the fetal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is influenced by both luminal stimuli (e.g. swallowed fluid) and hormonal factors (e.g. … obstruction, mainly due to slower GIT growth and not inhibition of normal functional development of enterocytes.

Colitis in a female tamarin (Saguinus mystax).

An adult wild-caught female tamarin (Saguinus mystax) housed in a biomedical research facility was found moribund and extremely dehydrated, … sistent with acute enteric viral infection were found against a background of chronic inflammation. Enterocytes were variably hypertrophied, degenerate, and attenuated. Numerous epithelial syncytial cells were present, and some affected cells (uni- as well as multinucleated) contained intranuclear inclusions. Lymphoid follicles were mildly depleted and contai …

Host cell-mediated responses to infection with Cryptosporidium.

The coccidian Cryptosporidium infects epithelial cells of a variety of vertebrate hosts and is the causative agent of cryptosporidiosis. In … art through production of IFN-gamma which has a direct inhibitory effect on parasite development in enterocytes. Primary infection of ruminants induces an intestinal inflammatory response in which increased numbers of various T-cell subpopulations appear in the villi. In addition, infection results in increased intestinal expression of pro-inflammatory cytoki …

Intestinal B cell defects in common variable immunodeficiency.

The humoral immune system of the small intestine of 17 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) was studied by immunohistology … lls. Most of the patients with intestinal IgA and/or IgM defects strongly expressed the SC in their enterocytes, suggesting an immunoglobulin-independent regulation of the SC. Clinically, only CVID patients with intestinal IgA defects developed intestinal infections with Giardia lamblia, Campylobacter jejuni or Candida albicans. The outcome of in vitro immuno …

Familial autoimmune enteropathy with circulating anti-bullous pemphigoid antibodies and chronic autoimmune hepatitis.

In a family of four children (two boys and two girls), the two brothers had severe, protracted watery diarrhea beginning at 2 and 3 weeks of life, respectively. Duodenal mucosa in both patients showed total villous atrophy and severe inflammatory infiltration of the entire bowel. The first patient also had lymphoid cell infiltration of the pancreas and died at 6 weeks of age. The second boy is alive at 2 years of age and is immunocompetent, but still receives total parenteral nutrition. Indirect immunofluorescence studies revealed circulating antibodies to enterocytes, smooth muscle, thyroid, …

Occluding junctions in the epithelia of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of the rabbit ileum and caecum.

The zonulae occludentes of the dome epithelia and adjacent non-dome epithelia in four locations of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) … d networks of junctional strands (fasciae occludentes) are present particularly between M-cells and enterocytes. The zonulae occludentes consist of approximately 8 to 9 (range 5-15) superimposed strands; the fasciae occludentes extend up to a depth of 20 microns on the lateral membranes. The presence of the fasciae occludentes correlates with the appearance o …

Early biochemical responses of the small intestine of coeliac patients to wheat gluten.

The pathogenesis of coeliac disease has been investigated by studying the response of small intestinal hydrolases in patients with coeliac d … rmicrovillus pit region, an increase in lysosome like bodies in the apical cytoplasm of the luminal enterocytes and pronounced hypertrophy of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of these cells. SDS-PAGE of small intestinal biopsies from four treated coeliac patients before gluten challenge revealed normal microvillus membrane and hydrolase composition. There was …

Listeria monocytogenes. A model system for the molecular study of intracellular parasitism.

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterium which, in its mammalian host, can infect enterocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. It is responsible for severe infections in humans and animals. Recovery from infection and resistance depends on the development of a T-cell response, antibodies not being protective. Several features of L. monocytogenes make it particularly suitable for the study of genetic and molecular aspects of invasion and intracellular parasitism. First, L. monocytogenes not only multiplies rapidly in bacterial broth but also easily infects macrophages and othe…

An antiabsorptive basis for precipitated withdrawal diarrhea in morphine-dependent rats.

Diarrhea is a common manifestation of withdrawal from opiates in dependent subjects. This study examined the possibility that this diarrhea … us system and periphery. Moreover, these effects are not a consequence of a direct opiate action on enterocytes.

Intestinal iron absorption under the influence of available storage iron and erythroblastic hyperplasia. Comparative studies in children with hereditary spherocytosis, nonspherocytic enzymopenic hemolytic anemia, acquired hemolytic anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency induced megaloblastic anemia, erythroblastic hypoplasia and aplastic anemia.

A high negative correlation (coefficient similar to 0.9) between increased 59Fe absorption from a diagnostic 0.56 mg 59Fe2+ dose and the dep … . Although the messenger system which signalyzes the depletion of iron stores to the iron absorbing enterocytes of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa is not yet known available storage iron seems to control intestinal iron absorption under normal and the great majority o pathological condition in humans. Anemia per se or high erythropoietin levels in blood do no …

Host-microbiota-pathogen interactions drive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathogenesis.

In immunocompetent hosts, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium typically causes transient intestinal blooms with acute diarrhoea, followe … on signalling and metabolic pathways to support rapid growth in the gut lumen and in the cytosol of enterocytes while sustaining an energy-conserving and metabolic-conserving survival strategy in viscera. In this Review, I discuss current perspectives of how the dynamic interplay between microbial competition, host defences and Salmonella countermeasures dete …

Maternal High-Fat Diet Worsens Necrotizing Enterocolitis via Effects on Mitochondrial Function in Newborn Mice.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening intestinal disease of preterm infants that causes epithelial injury … lls. Transmission electron microscopy showed region-specific mitochondria abnormalities, with crypt enterocytes showing reduced mitochondrial volume density and size, and increased mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact site after NEC induction. Strikingly, HFD increased mortality and elevated epithelial reactive oxygen species after the induction of NEC, …

Orally Delivered Nanotherapeutics with miRNA-497 Supplying for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the inflammatory process in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and R … ectively inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines and restore immunological tolerance in enterocytes disrupted by proinflammatory stimuli. The topical administration of Mn-MOF@miR-497 exhibited significant therapeutic efficacy in a murine model of IBD induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) without any observable toxicity. This innovative nanothera …

Immune cell dynamics and mechanisms of epithelial injury in celiac disease.

Despite continuous exposure to dietary and microbial antigens, the intestinal mucosa maintains a delicate balance between immune activation … dritic cells, stimulate the activation of cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytes that, in turn, kill enterocytes. Additional innate pathways, including those induced by gliadin-derived peptides, α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors, and type I interferons, further amplify epithelial stress and immune activation. Crosstalk between immune and stromal cells and defects i …

New therapeutic insights of marine derived alginate nanoparticles on experimental giardiasis.

Giardiasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia, is a prevailing gastrointestinal infection with significant global health impl … lected in restoration of the intestinal architecture and a reduction in inflammation. Additionally, enterocytes exhibited enhanced cellular integrity and reduced signs of damage, as shown by histopathological and ultrastructure examinations. These changes were accompanied by a significant elevation in IL-17A levels in the treated mice, confirming the immune-s …

Tricobalt tetraselenide nanoparticles improve intestinal barrier function by reshaping the gut microbiota and fortifying epithelial tight junctions.

The disrupted intestinal mechanical barrier contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irradiation-induced inte … investigation revealed that BA activated the cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) in enterocytes and induced protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation, resulting in increased expression of the tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin and zonula occludens-1. Accordingly, Co3Se4 NPs ameliorated the gut microbiota dysbiosis and TJ disruption caused by d …

Патологическая характеристика высокопатогенных инфекций птичьего гриппа H5N1 в диких млекопитающих на Аляске, США.

В настоящем докладе содержится описание высокопатогенных вирусов птичьего гриппа (HPAI) H5N1 в карниворах на Аляске, США, в период с 2022 по 2024 год, включая черного медведя (Ursus Americanus), бурого медведя (Ursus arctos) и первого известного сообщения об HPAI в эрмине (Mustela ermina). Два медведя были детёнышами, а Эрмин был молодым человеком. Черный медведь и эрмин были эвтаназированы после демонстрации неврологических признаков, включая круговорот, слепоту, атаксию или припадки. Коричневый медведь был найден мертвым. Грубые повреждения включали опухоль и загруженность мозга у обоих медв

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
This report describes highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) H5N1 infections in carnivores in Alaska, USA between 2022 and 2024, inc … e. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive staining within neurons and glial cells in the brain, enterocytes and neurons of the myenteric plexus in the intestine, rare bronchiolar epithelial cells, renal tubular epithelial cells, and myocyte nuclei. Two HPAI-positive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and one positive Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) with incomplete his …

Measurement of Acne Severity, Dietary Habits, and Blood Zonulin Levels in Acne Patients.

BACKGROUND: Zonulin is a signaling protein secreted by enterocytes that can reversibly open tight junctions. Blood zonulin levels are elevated in disorders characterized by increased intestinal permeability. AIMS: The aim of this study is to compare blood zonulin levels and dietary habits between acne vulgaris patients and healthy controls, as well as to investigate the relationship between blood zonulin levels, diet, disease severity, age at onset, and duration in the acne group. Additionally, we aimed to explore the relationship between diet and blood zonulin levels in both groups. PATIENT…

A second wave of Notch signaling diversifies the intestinal secretory lineage.

The small intestine is well known for the function of its nutrient-absorbing enterocytes; yet equally critical for the maintenance of homeostasis is a diverse set of secretory cells, all of which are presumed to differentiate from the same intestinal stem cell. Despite major roles in intestinal function and health, understanding how the full spectrum of secretory cell types arises remains a longstanding challenge, largely due to their comparative rarity. Here, we investigate the fate specification of a rare and distinct population of small intestinal epithelial cells found in rats and humans b…

Unusual Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Captive Raccoons (Procyon lotor).

Canine morbillivirus, also known as canine distemper virus (CDV), is the causative agent of canine distemper (CD), which is a serious contag … mphocyte depletion in mesenteric lymphnodes and intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions in the enterocytes of the small intestine. Based on the RT-qPCR assay, laboratory tests, and the lesions observed, it was established that the raccoons were infected with CDV, which was the cause of death in two cases. The results from the necropsy, histology, and imm …