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Maternal exposure to PM2.5 and its components and risk of small for gestational age in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a propensity score-matched case-control study in Guangzhou, China.

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women conceiving via in vitro fertilization (IVF) represent a uniquely vulnerable population, yet the impact of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its specific chemical components on their fetal growth remains under-researched. This study aimed to investigate the associations between prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its key components-sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), organic matter (OM), and black carbon (BC)-with the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) in IVF pregnancies. METHODS: A propensity score-matched case-control study was conducted in

Is the lack of prior exposure to sperm antigens associated with worse neonatal and maternal outcomes? A 10-year single-center experience comparing ICSI-TESE pregnancies to ICSI pregnancies.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) is still unknown. Among the different etiological hypotheses, some authors proposed that it might be because of an abnormal immunologic response to a foreign fetal antigen derived from the father's spermatozoa. Indeed, the fetus is considered a semi-allograft, being one half paternally derived in its antigenicity, and the first pathogenic insult of PE may be an abnormal maternal immune response toward this semi-allogenic implant. In the context of artificial reproductive techniques, it has been shown that the use of donor and surgically r

Effects of prenatal exposure to air particulate matter on the risk of preterm birth and roles of maternal and cord blood LINE-1 methylation: A birth cohort study in Guangzhou, China.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have found that increased risk of preterm birth (PTB) is associated with higher prenatal exposure to PM10 and PM2.5, but few studies have been conducted to assess the impacts of extremely fine particulate matter (PM1) which may have more toxic effects than other types of ambient particulate air pollution (PM). Several studies have separately investigated the associations between DNA methylation and PTB risk and PM. Maternal LINE-1 methylation level negatively correlated with prenatal exposure to PM and risk of PTB. A comprehensive picture is lacking regardin

Changes in serum concentrations of maternal poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances over the course of pregnancy and predictors of exposure in a multiethnic cohort of Cincinnati, Ohio pregnant women during 2003-2006.

Data on predictors of gestational exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the United States are limited. To fill in this gap, in a multiethnic cohort of Ohio pregnant women recruited in 2003-2006, we measured perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and six additional PFASs in maternal serum at ∼16 weeks gestation (N = 182) and delivery (N = 78), and in umbilical cord serum (N = 202). We used linear regression to examine associations between maternal serum PFASs concentrations and demographic, perinatal, and lifestyle factors. PFASs concentrations in mater

The herbicides glyphosate and glufosinate and the cyanotoxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine induce long-term motor disorders following postnatal exposure: the importance of prior asymptomatic maternal inflammatory sensitization.

BACKGROUND: Prenatal maternal immune activation (MIA) and/or perinatal exposure to various xenobiotics have been identified as risk factors … performed after prenatal sensitization and postnatal exposure to low doses of pollutants. METHODS: Maternal exposure to an acute immune challenge (first hit) was induced by an asymptomatic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dose (0.008 mg/kg) in mice. This sensitization was followed by exposing the offspring to environmental chemicals (second hit) postnatally, by the oral r …

Maternal exposure to hyperbaric oxygen at the preimplantation stages increases apoptosis and ectopic Cdx2 expression and decreases Oct4 expression in mouse blastocysts via Nrf2-Notch1 upregulation and Nf2 downregulation.

BACKGROUND: The environmental oxygen tension has been reported to impact the blastocyst quality and cell numbers in the inner cell mass (ICM) during human and murine embryogenesis. While the molecular mechanisms leading to increased ICM cell numbers and pluripotency gene expression under hypoxia have been deciphered, it remains unknown which regulatory pathways caused the underweight fetal body and overweight placenta after maternal exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). RESULTS: The blastocysts from the HBO-exposed pregnant mice revealed significantly increased signals of reactive oxygen speci…

Associations of prenatal methylmercury exposure and maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid status with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 7 years of age: results from the Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2.

BACKGROUND: Fish is a primary source of protein and n-3 PUFA but also contains methylmercury (MeHg), a naturally occurring neurotoxicant to which, at sufficient exposure levels, the developing fetal brain is particularly sensitive. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between prenatal MeHg and maternal status of n-3 and n-6 PUFA with neurodevelopment, and to determine whether PUFA might modify prenatal MeHg associations with neurodevelopment. METHODS: We examined the Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2 (NC2) at age 7 y. We used a sophisticated and extensive neurodevelopme

Family-Based Designs that Disentangle Inherited Factors from Pre- and Postnatal Environmental Exposures: In Vitro Fertilization, Discordant Sibling Pairs, Maternal versus Paternal Comparisons, and Adoption Designs.

Identifying environmental risk and protective exposures that have causal effects on health is an important scientific goal. Many environmental exposures are nonrandomly allocated and influenced by dispositional factors including inherited ones. We review family-based designs that can separate the influence of environmental exposures from inherited influences shared between parent and offspring. We focus on prenatal exposures. We highlight that the family-based designs that can separate the prenatal environment from inherited confounds are different to those that are able to pull apart later-li

Maternal exposure of rats to nicotine via infusion during gestation produces neurobehavioral deficits and elevated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the cerebellum and CA1 subfield in the offspring at puberty.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is known to be a significant contributor to developmental neurological health problems in the offspring. I … ield of hippocampus on PND 30 and 60 of both male and female offspring. These results indicate that maternal exposure to nicotine produces significant neurobehavioral deficits, a decrease in the surviving neurons and an increased expression of GFAP in cerebellum and CA1 subfield of hippocampus of the offspring on PND 30 and 60. The results show that although 60-day …

Maternal exposure to pyrethroid insecticides during pregnancy and repeated measures of infection symptoms among early school-aged children in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE).

OBJECTIVE: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) using pyrethroids insecticides to control malaria results in high exposure to local populations. P … . We used Poisson marginal structural models for repeated outcomes to estimate associations between maternal exposure to pyrethroids and infection symptoms. RESULTS: A 10-fold increase in maternal cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA and 3-PBA was associated with a doubling in the rates of persistent fever (cis-DCCA: Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.2; trans-DCCA …

Prenatal Maternal Alcohol Exposure During the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Relation to Early Learning Ability, Behavioral Problems, and Autistic Traits in Preschool Children With or Without Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Prenatal alcohol exposure has been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, its effects on developmental outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain unclear. We examined associations between prenatal alcohol exposure during the first trimester (PAE-FT) and early learning ability, behavioral problems, and severity of autistic traits in preschool-aged children in a large multi-site case-control study, the Study to Explore Early Development. Children were classified as ASD (n = 1237) or population comparison without ASD (POP, n = 1334) after an in-person assessm

Gestational PM2.5 exposure may increase the risk of small for gestational age through maternal blood pressure and hemoglobin: A mediation analysis based on a prospective cohort in China, 2014-2018.

BACKGROUND: Maternal gestational PM2.5 exposure was associated with small for gestational age (SGA). Identifying potential mediating factors may help design preventive strategies to reduce this risk. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the roles of maternal blood pressure and hemoglobin may play in the PM2.5 exposure and SGA relationship among 117,162 births in 16 counties across China during 2014-2018. METHODS: Daily PM2.5 concentration was collected from China National Environmental Monitoring Center. According to maternal residency during pregnancy, the PM2.5 exposure for each trimeste

The role of costing in the introduction and scale-up of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: evidence from integrating PrEP into routine maternal and child health and family planning clinics in western Kenya.

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the cost of strategies to reach and deliver pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to priority populations is essential to assess the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of HIV prevention programmes. Providing PrEP through maternal and child health and family planning clinics offers a promising strategy to reach women in high HIV burden settings. We estimated incremental costs and explored the cost drivers of integrating PrEP delivery into routine maternal and child health and family planning services in Kenya. METHODS: We conducted a costing study from the provider pers

Maternal thyroid axis perturbation following gestational exposure to a syringetin-3-O-glucoside-enriched Syzygium cumini seed isolate in Sprague Dawley rats: Evidence for a sodium/iodide symporter-directed mechanism.

Syzygium cumini seed preparations are clinically used during pregnancy for gestational hyperglycaemia, yet the developmental safety of any defined flavonoid glycoside of the species has not been examined in a mammalian model. We examined whether oral exposure to a chemically standardised, syringetin-3-O-glucoside (S3G)-enriched isolate at 0, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day from gestational day 5 through 19 perturbs the maternal-fetal thyroid axis in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Maternal serum TSH rose dose-dependently; total T4, T3, and rT3 declined; thyroglobulin rose six-fold at the high dose; and thyr

Maternal exposure to bisphenol A has transgenerational effects on the development of experimental asthma through bromodomain-containing protein 4-zinc finger DHHC-type containing 1-stimulators of interferon genes axis.

Perinatal exposures to the environmental estrogen bisphenol A (BPA) are associated with increased asthma prevalence. We tested the hypothesis that perinatal BPA exposure transgenerationally enhances allergic asthma development through the bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) - zinc finger HHC-1 (ZDHHC1) - stimulators of IFN genes (STING) axis. Female BALB/c mice (F0) were exposed to 10 μg/mL BPA in their drinking water during pregnancy until F1 pups were weaned. Pups were sensitized with low doses of ovalbumin (OVA) on postnatal day 4 (PND 4) and 1% OVA inhaler on PND 18-20. Asthma phenotyp

Bone Mineral Content, Growth, and Renal Health of Infants With Perinatal Exposure to Maternal Dolutegravir Versus Efavirenz and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Versus Tenofovir Alafenamide: The Randomized IMPAACT 2010 (VESTED) Trial.

BACKGROUND: The impact on infant bone, growth, and renal health of in utero and breast milk exposure to contemporary antiretroviral treatment (ART) remains unclear. METHODS: Six hundred forty-three pregnant women with HIV in 9 countries in Africa, Asia, and the Americas were randomized to start ART with dolutegravir (DTG) + emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), DTG + FTC/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), or efavirenz (EFV)/FTC/TDF between 14 and 28 weeks' gestation and continued for 50 weeks postpartum. Pairwise comparisons used 2-sample t tests of mean week 26 infant bone miner

Untargeted Lipidomics Analysis of Prenatal Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure and Small-for-Gestational Age (SGA) Delivery: An Exploratory Study in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort, 2014-2020.

Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is associated with small-for-gestational age (SGA), an adverse pregnancy outcome indicative of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Evidence from previous environmental epidemiologic work suggests that lipids contribute to this association through oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, we conducted an exploratory study by analyzing the maternal lipidome with the meet-in-the-middle approach to identify potential intermediates. In the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort, pregnant participants provided serum samp

Comment on: Maternal Exposure to Domestic Hair Cosmetics and Occupational Endocrine Disruptors Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Hypospadias in the Offspring. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 27.

There are considerable inconsistencies in the results of Haraux et al. [1].[...].

Household Air Pollution Exposures Over Pregnancy and Maternal Blood Pressure Trajectories through 8 Years Postpartum: Evidence from the Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS).

BACKGROUND: Household air pollution is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease burden in women in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about exposures during pregnancy or the effect of clean cooking interventions on postpartum blood pressure trajectories. METHODS: The Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS) randomized 1414 non-smoking women in the first and second trimesters to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or improved biomass stoves - vs control (traditional three-stone open fire). Personal exposure to carbon monoxide was measured at four prenatal timepoints an

Многострановое исследование базы данных для оценки результатов беременности и младенчества после возможного воздействия кладрибинных таблеток на матерей или отцов при лечении множественного склероза: методы исследования КЛЕО и обновление статуса.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Кладрибинные таблетки противопоставляются во время беременности; таким образом, данные о безопасности беременности, подверженной такому лечению, ограничены. СЛАР собирает и описывает результаты беременности в этой недостаточно изученной группе населения. ЦЕЛИ: Описание основных особенностей структуры исследования, проведенного в рамках программы < < ЯДЕР > > , включая источники данных и методологический подход, и представление обновленной информации о ходе работы. DESIGN: CLEAR представляет собой неинтервенционное, многобазовое, сравнительное когортное исслед

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… exposure to cladribine tablets (from the live birth cohort excluding genetic anomalies). … In particular, there are country-specific discrepancies in the reporting of alcohol consumption, drug abuse, family history, maternal exposure to folic acid, and the number of previous abortions. This variation can affect the validity of between country comparisons. …