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Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems for Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance.

Despite the early success of treating bacterial infections with antibiotics, resistance development has become a global problem. Treatment of organisms that have become resistant to common antibacterial agents is challenging and can cause severe and extended illness, longer hospital stays, and increased medical costs. Bacteria may develop antibiotic resistance by multiple biochemical pathways, including target-site gene mutations, decreased permeability, drug uptake or efflux mechanisms that remove the drug from the host cells, and alterations in metabolic pathways. Several strategies to overc

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… Synergistic antibacterial effect of ultrasound microbubbles combined with chitosan-modified polymyxin B-loaded liposomes on biofilm-producing Acinetobacter baumannii. Fu YY, Zhang L, Yang Y, Liu CW, He YN, Li P, Yu X. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:1805–1815. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S186571. 30. …

Abstract

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Doxorubicin-induced neurotoxicity differently affects the hippocampal formation subregions in adult mice.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline used to treat a wide range of tumours. Despite its effectiveness, it is associated with a long range of adverse effects, of which cognitive deficits stand out. The present study aimed to assess the neurologic adverse outcome pathways of two clinically relevant cumulative doses of DOX. Adult male CD-1 mice received biweekly intraperitoneal administrations for 3 weeks until reaching cumulative doses of 9 mg/kg (DOX9) or 18 mg/kg (DOX18). Animals were euthanized one week after the last administration, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and brain metabolism we

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… SPIO-conjugated, doxorubicin-loaded microbubbles for concurrent MRI and focused-ultrasound enhanced brain-tumor drug delivery. Biomaterials. 2013;34(14):3706–3715. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.099. 17. Joshi G., Hardas S., Sultana R., St Clair D.K., Vore M., Butterfield D.A. …

Recent Progress of Exosomes in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that is still incurable. The bone marrow microenvironment (BMM), with cellular and non-cellular components, can create a favorable environment for the survival, proliferation and migration of MM cells, which is the main reason for the failure of MM therapies. Many studies have demonstrated that exosomes play an important role in the tumor-supportive BMM. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles that can be released by various cells. Some exosomes contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of MM. MM-derived exosomes act on different cells in the BM

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… However, exosomes produced by ultracentrifugation usually contain microbubbles or other impurities of cell debris. In addition, a high centrifugal force and centrifugal duration may cause damage to exosomes [ 16 ]. …

Multimodal imaging of bone metastases: From preclinical to clinical applications.

Metastases to the skeletal system are commonly observed in cancer patients, highly affecting the patients' quality of life. Imaging plays a major role in detection, follow-up, and molecular characterisation of metastatic disease. Thus, imaging techniques have been optimised and combined in a multimodal and multiparametric manner for assessment of complementary aspects in osseous metastases. This review summarises both application of the most relevant imaging techniques for bone metastasis in preclinical models and the clinical setting.

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… After local destruction of bone in osteolytic lesions, US nonetheless is applicable to assess the soft tissue component of skeletal metastases and DCE-US allows for real-time imaging of vascularisation in bone metastases after intravenous injection of microbubbles [28] , [33] . …

Role of Nanomedicine-Based Therapeutics in the Treatment of CNS Disorders.

Central nervous system disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases, are a public health priority and demand a strong scientific response. Various therapy procedures have been used in the past, but their therapeutic value has been insufficient. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is two of the barriers that protect the central nervous system (CNS), but are the main barriers to medicine delivery into the CNS for treating CNS disorders, such as brain tumors, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Nanotechnology-based medicinal

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of myocardial viability: an evidence-based analysis.

UNLABELLED: In July 2009, the Medical Advisory Secretariat (MAS) began work on Non-Invasive Cardiac Imaging Technologies for the Assessment … OCARDIOGRAPHY WITH CONTRAST: Intravenous contrast agents, which are high molecular weight inert gas microbubbles that act like red blood cells in the vascular space, can be used during echocardiography to assess myocardial viability. These agents allow for the assessment of myocardial blood flow (perfusion) and contractile function (as described above), as wel …

Всемирный конгресс молекулярного воображения 2022.

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Development and Differentiation in Monobodies Based on the Fibronectin Type 3 Domain.

As a non-antibody scaffold, monobodies based on the fibronectin type III (FN3) domain overcome antibody size and complexity while maintaining analogous binding loops. However, antibodies and their derivatives remain the gold standard for the design of new therapeutics. In response, clinical-stage therapeutic proteins based on the FN3 domain are beginning to use native fibronectin function as a point of differentiation. The small and simple structure of monomeric monobodies confers increased tissue distribution and reduced half-life, whilst the absence of disulphide bonds improves stability in

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… Tumour imaging with monobodies conjugated to ( B ) radioisotopes [ 62 ] and ( C ) microbubbles [ 52 ]. ( D ) Targeted degradation of endogenous intracellular proteins [ 63 ] and ( E ) targeted intracellular fluorescence reporters for endogenous proteins [ 64 ]. 2.2. …

The Emerging Role of Oncolytic Virotherapy in Glioblastoma Management.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and common form of central nervous system primary malignant tumor in adults. GBM accounts for about half of all gliomas. Despite maximal resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide, median survival is still 12-15 months because of tumor heterogeneity, diffuse infiltration, and therapeutic resistance. Recurrence is nearly universal, underscoring the need for novel therapies. Oncolytic virotherapy demonstrates a promising strategy that combines direct tumor cell lysis with immune activation. Tumor-selective viruses replicate within malignant cells, induce cell d

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… MRI-guided FUS with microbubbles can transiently open the BBB, permitting viral entry without surgery, and has demonstrated early safety in recurrent GBM [ 91 ]. TTFields may also enhance BBB permeability [ 133 , 134 ]. …

Prospect of Gold Nanoparticles in Pancreatic Cancer

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Checkpoint inhibition and beyond: Precision immune engineering for the immune-privileged landscape of ocular malignancies.

Ocular malignancies, particularly uveal and conjunctival melanoma, exemplify tumors that evolve within one of the body's most immunologically constrained ecosystems, the eye's immune-privileged microenvironment. The limited success of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade in these cancers underscores the need to move beyond linear checkpoint inhibition toward multidimensional immune engineering. Through the confluence of synthetic bio-nanotechnology, AI-guided immunogenomics, and spatial immunomics, this review reframes ocular immunotherapy and redefines how tolerance and immunity might be programmat

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… Energy-based approaches have also been explored as non-pharmacological methods to transiently enhance ocular drug and immune-cell delivery. 197 Pulsed focused ultrasound techniques, in conjunction with microbubbles, can temporarily disrupt the blood-retina barrier for many hours, allowing the penetration … novel techniques transforming obstacles into therapeutic conduits Strategy | Mechanistic concept | Current limitations | Innovative advances | References Barrier modulation | BRB and BAB act as physical gates to immune infiltration | Breach risks vision loss; systemic delivery is blocked | Ultrasound + microbubbles …

Интеграция нанотехнологий в онкологию для передовых стратегий наночастиц в целевую диагностику и лечение рака.

Рак остается одной из основных глобальных проблем в области здравоохранения. Обычная терапия часто ограничивается низкой избирательностью опухолей, системной токсичностью, резистентностью к многочисленным лекарствам и неоптимальными фармакокинетиками. Нанотехнология предлагает преобразующий подход в онкологии. Она позволяет осуществлять целенаправленные поставки наркотиков, контролировать или стимулировать их высвобождение и использовать многофункциональные платформы, сочетающие в себе терапию и диагностику. Нанопчасти повышают растворимость наркотиков, продлевают циркуляцию и повышают внутрик

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… types to prevent delivery impairment, damage to surrounding tissue Ultrasound Transient disruption of endothelium increases vascular permeability High penetration depth, non-invasive, localized, minimal damage to surrounding tissue, amenable to repeated treatments, can use existing clinically approved microbubbles … to prevent delivery impairment, damage to surrounding tissue Ultrasound | Transient disruption of endothelium increases vascular permeability | High penetration depth, non-invasive, localized, minimal damage to surrounding tissue, amenable to repeated treatments, can use existing clinically approved microbubbles …

ADMET-Guided Design and In Silico Planning of Boron Delivery Systems for BNCT: From Transport and Biodistribution to PBPK-Informed Irradiation Windows.

BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) is a binary radiotherapeutic modality in which high LET (Linear Energy Transfer) particles are generated from 10B(n,α)7Li reaction, ideally within boron-loaded tumour cells, so the therapeutic outcome depends critically on the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of boron carriers. In this review, boron-containing agents for BNCT, with a focus on ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) and model-informed design, were examined. Low-MW (low-molecular-weight) compounds, peptide conjugates, polymeric and nanostructured platforms and

Биологическая роль мономеров традиционной китайской медицины в нейронных расстройствах.

Традиционная китайская медицина (TCM) является биоактивным соединением, извлекаемым из китайских травяных лекарственных препаратов, обладающих определенной биологической активностью и фармакологическими последствиями, и привлекла большое внимание к лечению нейронных заболеваний. Однако применение мономеров ТХМ ограничено их низкой растворимостью и низкой способностью пересекать барьер кровеносного мозга (ББД). Экзосомы представляют собой небольшие внеклеточные везикли (ЭМ) диаметром от 30 до 150 нм и могут использоваться в качестве носителей наркотиков, которые непосредственно предназначены дл

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… This technology operates based on the principle of cavitation, in which ultrasound waves generate microbubbles in a liquid medium. These bubbles grow and collapse violently, producing shock waves and microstreams that disrupt cell walls and release their contents [ 36 ]. …

Understanding DMG: current treatment options and prospective solutions using nanoparticles.

Diffuse Midline Gliomas (DMGs), which include the subset formerly known as Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG), are associated with an extremely poor prognosis and a five-year survival rate below 2-3%. The devastating prognosis stems from an inherently invasive nature, a deep, anatomically restricted location, rapid cellular drug efflux mediated by transporters such as P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), and an immunologically "cold" microenvironment. Coupled with limited Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability, these biological factors render conventio

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… Improving drug delivery across the BBB Focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with intravenously administered microbubbles has emerged as a promising, non-invasive strategy to transiently and locally disrupt the BBB, thereby enhancing drug delivery to Diffuse Midline Gliomas (DMG) [ 225 ]. … The technique relies on acoustic cavitation, in which oscillating microbubbles induce mechanical stress on endothelial tight junctions, creating reversible BBB permeability. …

Advancing Medulloblastoma Treatment: Molecular Mechanisms, Drug Repurposing, and Precision Therapies.

Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors, representing approximately 20% of the central nervous system cancers in children. These tumors are highly heterogeneous and classified into four molecular subgroups-WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4-each with distinct genetic and epigenetic profiles that influence tumor behavior, therapeutic response, and patient outcomes. Advances in molecular diagnostics have improved the subclassification of medulloblastomas, yet treatment outcomes for high-risk subtypes, particularly Group 3, remain poor, with current modalities often asso

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… Focused ultrasound, which transiently disrupts the BBB using microbubbles, has been evaluated in phase I trials in combination with carboplatin for recurrent tumors [ 4 , 5 ]. …

Adding recombinant AAVs to the cancer therapeutics mix.

Gene therapy is a powerful biological tool that is reshaping therapeutic landscapes for several diseases. Researchers are using both non-viral and viral-based gene therapy methods with success in the lab and the clinic. In the cancer biology field, gene therapies are expanding treatment options and the possibility of favorable outcomes for patients. While cellular immunotherapies and oncolytic virotherapies have paved the way in cancer treatments based on genetic engineering, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV), a viral-based module, is also emerging as a potential cancer therapeutic thr

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… Nanoparticles, liposomes, and microbubbles are just a few of the carriers being researched for gene therapy delivery. 15 , 43 , 44 Groups report experimental success of DNA delivery of melanoma-specific antigens and IL-12 to treat melanoma lung metastases and colorectal cancer, respectively. 53 , 54 …

Current concepts of the crosstalk between lncRNA and E2F1: shedding light on the cancer therapy.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a distinctive subset of RNA molecules with limited protein-coding potential, which exert crucial impacts on various biological activities. In the context of cancer, dysregulated lncRNAs function as essential regulators that affect tumor initiation and malignant progression. These lncRNAs serve as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) through sponging microRNAs and regulating the expression of targeted genes. Moreover, they also directly bind to RNA-binding proteins, which can be integrated into a complex mechanistic network. E2F1, an extensively studied

Acute myeloid leukemia: from NGS, through scRNA-seq, to CAR-T. dissect cancer heterogeneity and tailor the treatment.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant blood cancer with marked cellular heterogeneity due to altered maturation and differentiation of myeloid blasts, the possible causes of which are transcriptional or epigenetic alterations, impaired apoptosis, and excessive cell proliferation. This neoplasm has a high rate of resistance to anticancer therapies and thus a high risk of relapse and mortality because of both the biological diversity of the patient and intratumoral heterogeneity due to the acquisition of new somatic changes. For more than 40 years, the old gold standard "one size fits all"

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… The figure describes the approach based on the formation of microbubbles (B) , which contain beads to allow the capture of RNA released by cell lysis within the reactor (C) . …