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EPINEURIAL SUTURES, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL HYDROGEL AND FIBRIN GLUE IN THE SCIATIC NERVE REPAIR IN RATS: FUNCTIONAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS IN EXPERIMENT.

Mechanical damage to the peripheral nerve is a fairly common type of injury, which is characterized by a complex of long-term neurological d … sis indicates a positive effect of PEG and FG on nerve regeneration, although significantly greater remyelination (analysis based on fiber diameter) was confirmed only in the PEG group, which explains the faster functional recovery of the limb. PEG in the form of a hydrogel is a more promising agent in microsurgical restoration of damaged nerves as an adhesive, …

Differential Recovery in Early- and Late-Onset Delayed Facial Palsy Following Vestibular Schwannoma Resection.

BACKGROUND: Delayed facial palsy (DFP) after resection of vestibular schwannomas (VS) is worsening of facial nerve function after an initial … mings, it is likely axonal degeneration is responsible for early-onset DFP, while demyelination and remyelination lead to faster facial nerve recovery in late-onset DFP. Reported anti-apoptotic properties of minocycline could account for the further delay in onset of DFP, and possibly reduce the rate and duration of DFP in the surgical cohort.

A novel myelin protein zero transgenic zebrafish designed for rapid readout of in vivo myelination.

Demyelination occurs following many neurological insults, most notably in multiple sclerosis (MS). Therapeutics that promote remyelination could slow the neurological decline associated with chronic demyelination; however, in vivo testing of candidate small molecule drugs and signaling cascades known to impact myelination is expensive and labor intensive. Here, we describe the development of a novel zebrafish line which uses the putative promoter of Myelin Protein Zero (mpz), a major structural protein in myelin, to drive expression of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (mEGFP) specifically in…

Expression of Nrf2 Promotes Schwann Cell-Mediated Sciatic Nerve Recovery in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: High glucose-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play an important role in painful diabetic neuropathy by activating the TLR4/NFκB signal pathway. Schwann cells (SCs) are integral to peripheral nerve biology, contributing to saltatory conduction along axons, nerve and axon development, and axonal regeneration. SCs provide a microenvironment favoring vascular regeneration but their low survival ratio in hyperglycemic conditions suppress the function to promote nerve growth. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) promotes remyelination after periphera…

NTE/PNPLA6 is expressed in mature Schwann cells and is required for glial ensheathment of Remak fibers.

Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) or patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 6 (PNPLA6) was first linked with a neuropathy occurring aft … NTE/PNPLA6 is involved in the maturation of nonmyelinating Schwann cells during development and de-/remyelination after neuronal injury. Since Schwann cells play an important role in maintaining axonal viability and function, it is therefore likely that changes in Schwann cells contribute to the locomotory deficits and neuropathy observed in patients carrying m …

Neurofilaments and NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide penetrate oligodendrocytes through clathrin-dependent endocytosis to promote their growth and survival in vitro.

Neurofilaments (NF) are released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during multiple sclerosis (MS), but their role outside the axon is still … This process could be involved during demyelination, and the release of axon proteins might promote remyelination.

Functional motor recovery from motoneuron axotomy is compromised in mice with defective corticospinal projections.

Brachial plexus injury (BPI) and experimental spinal root avulsion result in loss of motor function in the affected segments. After root avu … lantation, the absence of the CST is probably an important reason to hamper axonal regeneration and remyelination, as well as target re-innervation and formation of new NMJ, resulting in lower functional recovery, while fostering motoneuron survival. These results indicate that manipulation of corticospinal transmission may help improve functional recovery foll …

Nogo receptor inhibition enhances functional recovery following lysolecithin-induced demyelination in mouse optic chiasm.

BACKGROUND: Inhibitory factors have been implicated in the failure of remyelination in demyelinating diseases. Myelin associated inhibitors act through a common receptor called Nogo receptor (NgR) that plays critical inhibitory roles in CNS plasticity. Here we investigated the effects of abrogating NgR inhibition in a non-immune model of focal demyelination in adult mouse optic chiasm. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A focal area of demyelination was induced in adult mouse optic chiasm by microinjection of lysolecithin. To knock down NgR levels, siRNAs against NgR were intracerebroventricular…

Extensive cell migration, axon regeneration, and improved function with polysialic acid-modified Schwann cells after spinal cord injury.

Schwann cell (SC) implantation after spinal cord injury (SCI) promotes axonal regeneration, remyelination repair, and functional recovery. Reparative efficacy, however, may be limited because of the inability of SCs to migrate outward from the lesion-implant site. Altering SC cell surface properties by overexpressing polysialic acid (PSA) has been shown to promote SC migration. In this study, a SCI contusion model was used to evaluate the migration, supraspinal axon growth support, and functional recovery associated with polysialyltransferase (PST)-overexpressing SCs [PST-green fluorescent pro…

Differential changes in axonal conduction following CNS demyelination in two mouse models.

Transgenic and disease model mice have been used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of demyelinating diseases. However, less attention … ectron microscopy showed cuprizone-induced demyelination in the corpus callosum and nearly complete remyelination after cuprizone removal. We also examined whether the myelin abnormalities in shiverer mice affected their response latencies. But there were no significant differences in response latencies in shiverer (9.83 +/- 0.24 ms, n = 103) and wild-type (9.3 …

[A case of X-linked recessive bulbospinal muscular atrophy with demyelinating neuropathy and hypertrophy of the calves].

We report a 53-year-old man of X-BSMA with neuropathy. The patient developed slowly progressive muscular weakness and wasting over a 2-year … ibre studies showed a definite increase in the incidence of fibres with segmental demyelination and remyelination. In electron microscopic examination, typical or atypical onion bulb formation was observed on individual fibres. Axonal changes were minimum. We believe that segmental demyelination observed in this patient is not secondary to axonal damage. We, al …

A sequential study of the peripheral nervous system involvement in experimental Chagas' disease.

To search for the sequential compromise of the spinal cord, nerves, and skeletal muscle in mice chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, … ) were observed. In teased fiber preparations, segmental internodal and paranodal demyelination and remyelination were found. The lumbar inflammatory spinal cord failed to show grey or white matter infiltrates. However, spinal roots and dorsal root ganglia were densely affected by inflammatory cells.

Global research trends on thyroid hormones and neurodegenerative diseases: a bibliometric study from 2015 to 2025.

OBJECTIVE: Despite extensive research on the role of thyroid hormone (TH) in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), no bibliometric study has bee … retion abnormalities and NDs, the mechanisms of TH in NDs, and the role of thyroid hormone-mediated remyelination and neural regeneration in diseases such as MS. CONCLUSION: In the past decade, research on TH and NDs has attracted increasing global attention, reflecting growing scholarly interest in this field. The present bibliometric analysis systematically …

Physiological Functions of Side-Chain-Retaining Sterols in the Brain and Their Roles in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Although the brain comprises only 2% of total body weight, it contains approximately 23% of the total cholesterol of the body. In the brain, … affect amyloid-β clearance, α-synuclein aggregation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial function, and remyelination. Dysregulation of these side-chain-retaining sterols is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Overall, side-chain-retaining sterols are important regulators of brain physiology. This review f …

Restore axonal conductance in a locally demyelinated axon with electromagnetic stimulation.

Objective. Axonal demyelination leads to failure of axonal conduction. Current research on demyelination focuses on the promotion of remyelination. Electromagnetic stimulation is widely used to promote neural activity. We hypothesized that electromagnetic stimulation of the demyelinated area, by providing excitation to the nodes of Ranvier, could rescue locally demyelinated axons from conductance failure.Approach. We built a multi-compartment NEURON model of a myelinated axon under electromagnetic stimulation. We simulated the action potential (AP) propagation and observed conductance failure …

Повышение терапевтической эффективности финголимода за счет внутриназальных поставок в модели множественного склероза, вызванной этимидиумом.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническая аутоиммунная неврология, характеризующаяся мышечной слабостью, онеменностью, покалыванием, проблемами зрения и трудностями в координации и равновесии, вызванными повреждением содержания миелина в нервных волокнах. Недавняя литература свидетельствует о том, что наряду с их механизмом предотвращения приступов лимфоцитов финголимод (ФПГ) может также служить нейрозащитой, обеспечивая их более широкий доступ к мозгу. Таким образом, в рамках этого проекта наличие мозга у ФПГ было увеличено за счет доставки ППГ в виде наночастиц.НОВЫЕ МЕТОДЫ: Твердые наночасти

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune neurological characterized by muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, … nduced MS rat model revealed better treatment response by showing several evidence such as signs of remyelination, restoration of neuron shape, and the recovered oligodendrocytes. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: To the best of our knowledge this article demonstrates improved efficacy of FNG using SLNs. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the successful deve …

Montelukast improves disease outcome in SOD1G93A female mice by counteracting oligodendrocyte dysfunction and aberrant glial reactivity.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor neuron (MN) loss and consequent muscle atrophy, for which no effective therapies are available. Recent findings reveal that disease progression is fuelled by early aberrant neuroinflammation and the loss of oligodendrocytes with neuroprotective and remyelinating properties. On this basis, pharmacological interventions capable of restoring a pro-regenerative local milieu and re-establish proper oligodendrocyte functions may be beneficial. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: H

A systematic review of clinical and laboratory studies comparing vascularised versus non-vascularised nerve grafts in peripheral nerve reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are common, with complex defects posing a significant reconstructive challenge. Although vascul … yses of laboratory studies demonstrated reduced muscular atrophy, superior axonal regeneration, and remyelination in VNGs. VNGs eliminated the 3-day interval of ischaemia otherwise sustained by NVNGs. Overall, the quality of evidence was low. CONCLUSION: This systematic review indicates that VNGs may offer some advantages over NVNGs in PNI reconstruction. Howe …

Distinct characteristics and severity of brain magnetic resonance imaging lesions in women and men with multiple sclerosis assessed using verified texture analysis measures.

BACKGROUND AND GOAL: In vivo characterization of brain lesion types in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been an ongoing challenge. Based on verified texture analysis measures from clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this study aimed to develop a method to identify two extremes of brain MS lesions that were approximately severely demyelinated (sDEM) and highly remyelinated (hREM), and compare them in terms of common clinical variables. METHOD: Texture analysis used an optimized gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) method based on FLAIR MRI from 200 relapsing-remitting MS participants. Two

Выражение человеческого герпесвируса 6А, связанного с запозданием U94A, нарушает цитоскелетные функции человеческих нейронных клеток.

Многие нейродегенеративные заболевания имеют многофакторную этиологию и изменчивый курс развития, который не может быть объяснен существующими моделями. Нейротропиковые вирусы уже давно предположительно играют определенную роль в этих заболеваниях, хотя их точный вклад остается неясным. Герпесвирус 6A (HHV-6A) — один из самых распространенных вирусов, обнаруженных во взрослом мозге, который клинически ассоциируется с множественным склерозом (MS), а в последнее время с болезнью Альцгеймера (AD). HHV-6A — вездесущий вирусный патоген, способный заразить глиа и нейроны. Первичная инфекция в детств

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Many neurodegenerative diseases have a multifactorial etiology and variable course of progression that cannot be explained by current models … r cells (OPCs) without affecting their viability, a phenotype that may contribute to the failure of remyelination seen in many patients with MS. A subsequent proteomics analysis of U94A expression OPCs revealed altered expression of genes involved in tubulin associated cytoskeletal regulation. As HHV-6A seems to significantly be associated with early AD patholo …