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OntoCodex: a multi-agent biomedical ontology enrichment framework.

Ontology enrichment is a critical but labor-intensive step in semantic knowledge representation. To address this challenge, we propose OntoCodex, a multi-agent framework that integrates large language models (LLMs), ontologies, curated knowledge sources, and standard vocabularies to support semi-automated ontology enrichment with formal OWL-based integration and a feedback loop. OntoCodex consists of five coordinated agents for ontology parsing, task decision-making, knowledge retrieval, terminology normalization, and automated script generation. We evaluated OntoCodex using a ChatGPT-4o-power

Tracing contact and migration in pre-Bantu Southern Africa through lexical borrowing.

Lexical borrowing may provide valuable clues about the sociohistorical context of language contact. Here we explore patterns of vocabulary transfer between languages from three families (Kx'a, Tuu, Khoe-Kwadi) comprising the linguistic unit commonly referred to as Southern African Khoisan. In our data set, 20% of 1,706 roots are shared between at least two families. By applying a carefully chosen set of linguistic and extralinguistic criteria, we were able to trace the origin of 71% of shared roots, with the remaining 29% constituting good candidates for ancient contact or shared common ancest…

Spoken language processing in noise by deaf and hard of hearing children: Effects of speaking ratea).

While school-aged children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) spend much of the day in classrooms or playgrounds, little is known about h … response time (RT) was taken as an outcome measure. Relationships between working memory capacity, vocabulary knowledge, and RT were also assessed, but not observed. Both groups of children were slower to process fast speech than normal-rate speech, with no evidence that DHH children were differentially affected by speaking rate compared to peers with NH. D …

A resource to empirically establish drug exposure records directly from untargeted metabolomics data.

Despite extensive efforts, extracting medication exposure information from clinical records remains challenging. To complement this approach, here we show the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) Drug Library, a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) based resource designed for drug screening with untargeted metabolomics. This resource integrates MS/MS references of drugs and their metabolites/analogs with standardized vocabularies on their exposure sources, pharmacologic classes, therapeutic indications, and mechanisms of action. It enables direct analysis of drug exposure and

Когнитивный резерв предсказывает долгосрочные когнитивные траектории в многоразовом склерозе.

СЛЕДУЮЩАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Было проведено частичное исследование воздействия когнитивного резерва (CR) на когнитивное сознание людей с повторно излучающимся множественным склерозом (pwRRMS). ЦЕЛИ: Мы стремились к изучению долгосрочных когнитивных траекторий PwRRMS на основе их CR, измеряемых с помощью Vocaubulary Snowledge (LOC). МЕТОДЫ: 78 pwRMS прошли нейропсихологическую оценку в исходном режиме и после средней последующей проверки в течение 6,5 лет. Для проверки воздействия CR на продольные когнитивные траектории мы провели несколько смешанных проектов ANCOVA, контролируя последствия инвалиднос

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The effect of cognitive reserve (CR) on cognition in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (pwRRMS) has been partially investigated. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the long-term cognitive trajectories of pwRRMS based on their CR, measured using the Vocabulary Knowledge Test (VOC). METHODS: 78 pwRRMS underwent a neuropsychological …

Activation for newly learned words in left medial-temporal lobe during toddlers' sleep is associated with memory for words.

Little is known about the neural substrates underlying early memory functioning. To gain more insight, we examined how toddlers remember new … at the 1-week delay. Activation for newly learned words was also associated with overall productive vocabulary. These results underscore an early developing link between memory mechanisms and word learning in the medial temporal lobe.

The Relation Between Academic Word Use and Reading Comprehension for Students From Diverse Backgrounds.

Purpose The aims of the current project were twofold: (a) to describe the use of academic words in written language samples by fifth-grade s … ed lunch. Conclusions Findings support the need for additional research on ways to improve academic vocabulary skills to minimize achievement gaps. The relation between academic word use and reading comprehension warrants further consideration.

An ontology-based classification of Ebstein's anomaly and its implications in clinical adverse outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Ebstein's anomaly (EA) is a rare congenital heart disease with significantly phenotypic heterogeneity, accompanied with multiple associated phenotypes. The classification of cases with EA based on a standardized vocabulary of phenotypic abnormalities from Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) and its association with adverse clinical outcomes has yet to be investigated. METHODS: We developed a deep phenotyping algorithm for Chinese electronic medical records (EMRs) from the Fuwai Hospital to ascertain EA cases. EA-associated phenotypes were standardized according to HPO annotation, and a…

Effects of Concussion in Adolescent Students: Perceptions and Performance.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare adolescent students with and without concussion on a battery of academic, neurocognitive … chological measures. Similarly, there were no significant group differences on academic measures of vocabulary, word recognition, or reading comprehension. Self-reported concussion symptoms were much greater for students with concussion, as were self-reports of anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms. Parents also rated those with concussion as having …

Cognitive-Linguistic Skills Underlying Word Reading and Spelling Difficulties in Chinese Adolescents With Dyslexia.

The present study investigated the co-occurrence of word reading and spelling difficulties for Chinese first language (L1) and English secon … e assessed on the cognitive-linguistic measures of morphological awareness, phonological awareness, vocabulary knowledge, rapid naming, word reading, and word spelling in L1 and L2. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that compared with the typical students, adolescents with dyslexia had poorer performance in all L1 and L2 measures except the phonologic …

Speech, language, and feeding phenotypes of SATB2-associated syndrome.

SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) is a recently identified disorder characterized by neurodevelopmental deficits and craniofacial anomalies. Assessments of speech, language, and feeding-related issues were conducted among 61 individuals with SAS (median age = 86 months, range = 26 months to 29 years of age). Individuals with SAS were mostly non-verbal communicators (72.1%) with severe deficits in both language comprehension and expression. The majority of individuals had receptive vocabulary skills of a child younger than 3 years of age. Based on parent report, the average spoken lexicon was 28.…

Voice-Related Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: A Systematic Review of Instrument Development and Validation.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive systematic review of the literature on voice-related patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in adults and to evaluate each instrument for the presence of important measurement properties.MethodMEDLINE, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Health and Psychosocial Instrument databases were searched using relevant vocabulary terms and key terms related to PRO measures and voice. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed in consultation with an expert panel. Three independent investigators asses…

The Effects of Enhanced Milieu Teaching With Phonological Emphasis on the Speech and Language Skills of Young Children With Cleft Palate: A Pilot Study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the extent to which a naturalistic communication intervention, enhanced milieu t … n children in the BAU group on most language measures; however, only receptive language, expressive vocabulary (per parent report), and consonants correct were significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this preliminary study indicate that EMT+PE is a promising early intervention for young children with CL/P. Replication with a larger sample and long-term fol …

Diabetes in Pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: This guideline reviews the evidence relating to the diagnosis and obstetrical management of diabetes in pregnancy. OUTCOMES: The outcomes evaluated were short- and long-term maternal outcomes, including preeclampsia, Caesarean section, future diabetes, and other cardiovascular complications, and fetal outcomes, including congenital anomalies, stillbirth, macrosomia, birth trauma, hypoglycemia, and long-term effects. EVIDENCE: Published literature was retrieved through searches of PubMed and the Cochrane Library using appropriate controlled vocabulary (MeSH terms "diabetes" and "pr…

Measuring intellectual ability in cerebral palsy: The comparison of three tests and their neuroimaging correlates.

Standard intelligence scales require both verbal and manipulative responses, making it difficult to use in cerebral palsy and leading to underestimate their actual performance. This study aims to compare three intelligence tests suitable for the heterogeneity of cerebral palsy in order to identify which one(s) could be more appropriate to use. Forty-four subjects with bilateral dyskinetic cerebral palsy (26 male, mean age 23 years) conducted the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM), the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-3rd (PPVT-III) and the Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV). Fu…

Trajectory and outcomes of speech language therapy in the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): case report.

The aim of this study was to describe the trajectory and the outcomes of speech-language therapy in Prader-Willi syndrome through a longitud … ements in attention, symbolic play, social contact and behavior. Moreover, there was an increase in vocabulary, and evolution in oral comprehension and the development of narrative abilities. Hence, speech-language pathology intervention in the case described was effective in different linguistic levels, regarding phonological, syntactic, lexical and pragmat …

Do reading processes differ in transparent versus opaque orthographies? A study of acquired dyslexia in Welsh/English bilinguals.

In English, the relationship between the written and spoken forms of words is relatively opaque, leading to proposals that skilled reading r … ermines the nature of cognitive reading processes, but rather suggests that readers develop a sight vocabulary through reading experience irrespective of orthographic transparency.

Language impairments in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

BACKGROUND: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is associated with a range of disabilities, including physical, behavioural, and cognitiv … ubtests of the CREVT-2. Younger children scored significantly lower than controls on the Relational Vocabulary and Sentence Imitation subtests of the TOLD-P:3, and older children were significantly delayed on the Word Ordering, Grammatic Comprehension, and Malapropisms subtests of the TOLD-I:3. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified several areas of marked diff …

2q23.1 microdeletion of the MBD5 gene in a female with seizures, developmental delay and distinct dysmorphic features.

We report a 2-year-old female who initially presented with seizures, developmental delay and dysmorphic features and was found to have a 0.3 … lephalangy, clinodactyly, and hypertrichosis. At 3½ years she developed progressive ataxia and lost vocabulary at the age of 4. Regression has been reported in one other case of MBD5 deletion. MBD5 is a member of the methyl binding gene family and appears to be responsible for regulating DNA methylation in the central nervous system. Our patient was entirely …

Enhancing deaf students' learning from sign language and text: metacognition, modality, and the effectiveness of content scaffolding.

Four experiments, each building on the results of the previous ones, explored the effects of several manipulations on learning and the accur … for hearing students. Experiment 3 compared scaffolding provided in the form of main points versus vocabulary, and Experiment 4 examined effects of material familiarity and a delay between study and test. Results indicated that although all students had a tendency to overestimate their performance, hearing students learned more and were more accurate in the …