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Time-Dependent Changes in the Skin Hardness in Taxane-Induced Swollen Arms.

Background: We aimed to clarify the time-dependent changes in skin hardness in taxane-induced arm swelling. Methods and Results: Fifteen patients with unilateral arm swelling that developed during or within 3 months from the termination of postoperative taxane-containing chemotherapy were studied. The patients were followed up every 3-6 months for 24 months from the initial visit. During each visit, arm circumference and skin hardness were assessed using a scale ranging from 1 (softest) to 7 (hardest). Ultrasonography of the skin and subcutaneous tissues was performed at 0, 6, 12, and 24 month…

Arms Race Control Score Standardizes Residency Applicant Publication Assessment.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The publication "arms race" refers to the recent, exponential increase in publications among residency "Match" applicants. Total number of residency applicant publications is the strongest predictor of "Match" success in neurosurgery beyond licensing examination scores. This study sought to introduce an objective metric by which publications may be scored to assess residency applicant authorship effort. METHODS: A retrospective, quantitative assessment of 537 publications by 57 interviewed applicants at a neurosurgery residency program was conducted from the 2022 to…

Impacts of the Jaco robotic arm on user satisfaction with performance in everyday activities.

Assistive technology (AT) such as the Jaco robotic arm (JRA) provides significant benefits for individuals with upper extremity disabilities (UED). Despite these advantages, barriers including funding limitations, lack of awareness, and insufficient evidence of efficacy can hinder access. This study examined the effectiveness of the JRA by evaluating user performance and satisfaction with occupational performance (OP) before and after device use. A non-experimental retrospective mixed-method study was employed. Participants completed interviews via Zoom using the Canadian Occupational Performa…

Performance of Control Arms in Trials Leading to FDA Cancer Drug Approvals.

BACKGROUND: Selecting an appropriate control arm is essential when evaluating the efficacy of new anticancer therapies. METHODS: We analyzed the progression-free survival (PFS) performance of control arms in trials leading to FDA drug approvals between January 2014 and December 2023 for the treatment of advanced solid cancers. For each phase III or double-arm phase II trial, we extracted (1) the assumed median PFS (amPFS) value for the control arm, as specified in the study protocol for sample-size calculation, and (2) the observed median PFS (omPFS) and its confidence interval (CI) for that …

Arm positions with increased risk of subscapularis external impingement at the subcoracoid arch.

BACKGROUND: A cadaveric biomechanical study was used to analyze arm positions that could lead to increased risk of subscapularis tears due to subcoracoid impingement. METHODS: Six cadaveric shoulders (two male and four female; mean age, 68.4±2.3 years) were evaluated for subcoracoid external impingement using a custom shoulder testing system with a pressure-mapping sensor. The contact area and the mean and peak contact pressures between the subcoracoid arch and the subscapularis complex were measured. Eight arm positions were assessed, including 20° and 60° forward flexion (FF) and abduction …

The Norwegian Armed Forces Aeromedical Evacuation Response to the 2023 Earthquake in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: A catastrophic earthquake struck the southeastern parts of Turkey and Syria in February 2023, causing massive destruction of infrastructure and approximately 50,000 deaths and 120,000 injuries. Regional and global medical assistance were initiated, and The Norwegian Armed Forces contributed with air medical evacuation (AE). A detachment consisting of a Hercules C-130 J airplane with personnel from the Royal Norwegian Airforce and a critical-care air transport team (CCATT) from The Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services responded. The AE setting is demanding and requires speci…

Cadaveric revelation of medial cutaneous nerve of the arm traversing the axillary vein.

A rare unilateral anatomical variation was observed in the left arm of a 62-year-old female cadaver. The medial cutaneous nerve of the arm pierced the axillary vein, arising from the medial cord of the brachial plexus and coursing posterior to the axillary artery. The nerve traversed the vein over a short segment, entering at approximately 6.5 cm and exiting at approximately 7.5 cm from the coracoid process. This unusual relationship has significant clinical implications in medical procedures, particularly in axillary venous access. Failure to recognize these alterations during axillary lymph …

The fascial plane blocks in the upper arm surgery and trauma: A narrative review.

Fascial plane blocks are becoming popular as useful and safe methods to provide pain relief. While their use in thoracic and abdominal surgery is well known, their application in upper arm surgery and trauma is underscored. This review explores research from the last 10 years focusing the use of fascial plane blocks to relieve pain after surgery or trauma in the upper limb. Studies include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case reports. They look at techniques like the cervical and high-thoracic erector spinae plane (ESP) block, the clavipectoral fascia plane (CFP) block…

Drilling with exoskeletons: effect of hand-arm vibration on neurological and muscular outcomes.

Exoskeletons can be used in workplaces where vibrating power tools are applied. The influence of these support systems on vibration exposure … letons with a strong support torque, increased vibration exposure and higher abduction of the upper arm may occur. The results indicate that exoskeletons reduce the transmission of vibrations in the lower frequency range.

Uncovering the evolving arms race between host immunity and HIV-1.

Despite an effective combination of antiretroviral therapy, HIV persists as a lifelong infection and global health threat. The human host equips restriction factors and interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes that target every step of the viral life cycle. However, HIV-1 has evolved a coordinated immune evasion strategy using a limited set of accessory proteins with distinct antagonistic functions. This functional division of labor allows HIV-1 to disable key immune pathways and ensure persistence. Here, we explore the molecular interplay between host defenses and HIV-1, organizing antiviral factors

Оптимальный дизайн роботоподготовленной рукоятки с инвалидной коляской для повседневной жизни.

ЦЕЛЬ: Растущая распространенность дисфункций верхних конечностей в результате инсульта, травм спинного мозга и множественных склерозов представляет собой важнейшую задачу в области ассистивных технологий: разработки роботизированных вооружений, которые являются одновременно энергоэффективными и способными эффективно осуществлять повседневную деятельность (АДЛ). Эта проблема усугубляется необходимостью обеспечения того, чтобы эти устройства были доступны для неэкспертных пользователей и могли функционировать в пределах пространственных ограничений, типичных для повседневной среды. Несмотря на д

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
PURPOSE: The increasing prevalence of upper limb dysfunctions due to stroke, spinal cord injuries, and multiple sclerosis presents a critical challenge in assistive technology: designing robotic arms that are both energy‑efficient and capable of effectively performing activities of daily living (ADLs). This challenge is exacerbated by the need to ensure thes…

Role of centchroman in regression of fibroadenoma: A 2-arm randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND: Fibroadenomas are common benign breast lumps that can cause anxiety due to malignancy concerns, and Centchroman, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has shown promise in reducing their size. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Centchroman in reducing fibroadenoma size, mastalgia, anxiety, and depression in affected patients. METHODOLOGY: A parallel-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care Breast Clinic with 104 patients aged 18‒45 years having fibroadenomas ≤ 3 cm. Group A received Centchroman (30 mg on alternate days) and Group B received a p…

The effect of eccentric arm cycling on muscle damage and injury-related biomarkers.

PURPOSE: There is a scarcity of information regarding the effect of upper-body eccentric exercise on biomarkers of muscle damage. This study sought to investigate the effect of eccentric arm cycling on muscle damage [exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD)]. METHOD: Ten subjects performed a 15 min eccentric arm cycling protocol (cadence 49 ± 7 rpm, power absorbed 248 ± 34 W). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the elbow flexors was evaluated at rest and at 5 min, 24 h, and 48 h post-exercise. In addition, blood samples were drawn at rest and thereafter at 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h intervals af…

Relative leg-to-arm skeletal strength proportions in orangutans by species and sex.

Among extant great apes, orangutans climb most frequently. However, Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) exhibit higher frequencies of terrestrial locomotion than do Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii). Variation in long bone cross-sectional geometry is known to reflect differential loading of the limbs. Thus, Bornean orangutans should show greater relative leg-to-arm strength than their Sumatran counterparts. Using skeletal specimens from museum collections, we measured two cross-sectional geometric measures of bone strength: the polar section modulus (Zpol) and the ratio of maximum to minimum …

Derivation and Validation of an Algorithm to Detect Stroke Using Arm Accelerometry Data.

Background Early diagnosis is essential for effective stroke therapy. Strokes in hospitalized patients are associated with worse outcomes compared with strokes in the community. We derived and validated an algorithm to identify strokes by monitoring upper limb movements in hospitalized patients. Methods and Results A prospective case-control study in hospitalized patients evaluated bilateral arm accelerometry from patients with acute stroke with lateralized weakness and controls without stroke. We derived a stroke classifier algorithm from 123 controls and 77 acute stroke cases and then valida…

Accessible Prosthetic Arms: Victoria Hand Project and The Impact of 3D Printing.

Victoria Hand Project (VHP) is a Canadian charity with a mission to provide 3D printed prosthetic arms to people in-need across the world, by partnering with prosthetic care providers. This article explores the journey of VHP, sharing insights, lessons learned, ongoing directions, and the impact of 3D printing on prosthetic care for people with upper-limb amputation. Benefits such as affordability and customization are explored, as well as the challenges encountered, including quality control and the steep learning curve associated with working in the digital 3D space. Through this article, th…

CBMC: A Biomimetic Approach for Control of a 7-Degree of Freedom Robotic Arm.

Many approaches inspired by brain science have been proposed for robotic control, specifically targeting situations where knowledge of the d … ely. To validate our method, CBMC was applied to the trajectory tracking control of a 7-DoF robotic arm in simulation. Finally, experiments are conducted on the robotic arm using various payloads, and the results of these experiments clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.