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An innovative device for scooting impacted third molars away from the inferior alveolar nerve.

OBJECTIVE: Impacted mandibular third molars pose significant clinical challenges, often leading to complications such as pericoronitis, adjacent tooth caries, and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury during extraction. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Kyola Distraction System, an innovative approach designed to gradually move impacted third molars away from the IAN, reducing surgical risks. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 100 cases was conducted at Changhua Christian Hospital. Patients underwent Kyola Distraction, which combines coronectomy with orthodontic traction using an

Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and genotypic characterization of Bedaquiline resistance in drug resistant Mycobacteriumtuberculosis.

PURPOSE: The new drugs bedaquiline, delamanid, and pretomanid have been approved for treating drug-resistant tuberculosis. The World Health Organization currently recommends the BPaL(M) regimen, which lasts 6-9 months, for managing drug-resistant tuberculosis. This study aimed to perform phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and identify mutations linked to bedaquiline resistance through whole genome sequencing. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 297 drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients visiting the respiratory medicine outpatient departmen

Coherence, Capability, and Care: Faith-Based Health Engagement and Well-Being in the Philippines.

This qualitative study explored how Filipino adults from Roman Catholic, other Christian, Muslim, and Indigenous Filipino spiritual practice communities described faith-based health engagement in relation to perceived physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Informed by the Salutogenic Model and the Capability Approach, the study examined how participants understood religious and spiritual practices in everyday life, negotiated these practices alongside biomedical and traditional forms of care, and experienced family and faith-community support during health-related challenges. Forty Filipi

Prevalence of seropositive occult hepatitis B virus infection among patients received chemotherapy in Taiwan: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI), defined by the presence of HBV DNA in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), poses a risk for viral reactivation during cancer therapy. Although HBV is highly endemic in Taiwan, data regarding the prevalence and predictors of OBI among patients with cancer remain limited, which served as the motivation for conducting this study. METHODS: This retrospective study of patients with cancer treated at Changhua Christian Hospital between January 2021 and May 2025 included patients with positive anti-HBc IgG and negative HBsAg.

Iatrogenic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Patients Treated With Cadaveric Dura Mater During Childhood Neurosurgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (iCAA) is a recently identified clinico-neuroradiological syndrome associated with medical procedures, particularly neurosurgical treatments involving cadaveric dura mater (e.g., Lyodura). iCAA can manifest as intracerebral hemorrhages, focal seizures, and cognitive impairment, with the risk following exposure currently unknown. We aim to evaluate the risk of developing iCAA in patients who underwent childhood neurosurgical treatment with Lyodura compared to those who did not. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed hospital records

Spiritual needs, practices and associated factors among patients with cancer at two teaching hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Patients diagnosed with cancer require holistic care that covers the physical, psychosocial and spiritual aspects of wellbeing. AIM: To describe the spiritual needs, practices, association between spirituality, using Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs), ancestral belief, with socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and examine the association between spiritual interventions and spiritual characteristics. SETTING: Palliative Care units at two tertiary hospitals in Johannesburg. METHODS: An observational retrospective study used routinely collected data of patients old

The contribution of spirituality and religiousness to the quality of life of cancer patients treated with radiotherapy in Ghana: a cross-sectional study.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. A significant proportion of all patients with cancer require radiotherapy as part of their treatment. Cancer can be very terrifying for patients undergoing radiotherapy, especially when it undermines their ability to hope or cope. In Ghana, where religious and spiritual beliefs play a significant role in many individuals' lives, understanding how these factors affect patients' well-being during cancer treatment is crucial. This study examined the contribution of spirituality and religiousness to the quality of life (QoL)

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… All the respondents considered themselves either Christian or Muslim. … However, all the patients were affiliated with a religious group; either Christianity or Islam. A significant proportion of the respondents were extremely spiritual (53.3%) and extremely religious (46.7%). Spirituality was an object of hope for 69.2% of the patients. …

Integrating systemic inflammation and liver biomarkers: prognostic implications of the ferritin index in heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is increasingly recognized as a multisystem syndrome involving systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in addition to cardiac and hepatic impairment. Traditional liver fibrosis scores, such as the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, focus solely on hepatic injury and may underestimate the broader systemic burden. The ferritin index, which adjusts serum ferritin for age and sex, may better reflect inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation, including features of metabolic hyperferritinaemia. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the ferritin index versu

The EZ- Blocker®- A Safer Alternative in Complex Airway Scenarios: A Case Series.

BACKGROUND: One-lung ventilation (OLV) is crucial in thoracic surgery as it ensures optimal visibility and effective isolation of the lung. Various devices, such as double-lumen tubes and bronchial blockers, help achieve effective OLV. While double-lumen tubes (DLTs) are considered the gold standard for lung isolation certain clinical scenarios may make their use challenging or contraindicated. In these cases, the EZ-Blocker® (Teleflex Medical, Morrisville, NC, USA) presents distinct advantages. This paper discusses a series of six cases where DLTs were not feasible, highlighting our experienc

Findings from computed tomography examinations of Viking age skulls.

INTRODUCTION: Computed tomography (CT) images can provide information about anatomical structures and pathological processes in ancient skulls. A previous study on the teeth and jaws of 171 individuals in a late Swedish Viking age population, dating around the 10th-12th century made clinical examinations that included intraoral radiographs. Current explorative study examined a subset of this population using CT with the aim to investigate if this method could provide additional information about the studied subjects. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The skulls of 15 Viking-era individuals were examined

Building confidence in crises - the roles of Sierra Leonean religious leaders' during the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak.

BACKGROUND: Religious leaders have been involved in health promotion campaigns for many years across West Africa, such as their engagement in the HIV/AIDS pandemic response. This involvement in public health campaigns has indicated varied results in the past and therefore a critical approach is required when engaging them in the outbreak response. Little is known about religious leaders' perceptions of their role in communicating Ebola risks during the 2014-2016 outbreak in Sierra Leone. OBJECTIVES: To better understand religious leader's perceptions of their roles communicating risk during t

Inequalities in dental caries among Indigenous and non-Indigenous children in Australia: A literature review.

Dental caries constitutes one of the most ubiquitous diseases in Australia, with Indigenous children presenting a notably higher prevalence than their non-Indigenous peers. This literature review aims to update the knowledge base developed by Christian and Blinkhorn in 2012, with a particular focus on the contemporary disparities in dental caries between Indigenous and non-Indigenous children. Our research strategy involved a thorough exploration of the Medline, PubMed, and Scopus databases to identify pertinent studies published between 2009 and 2022. Supplementary resources included various

The effect of observing religious or faith-based fasting on cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Fasting is common in many religions and is associated with health benefits. This systematic review to compares the impact of different religious fasting practices, on risk of cardiometabolic diseases. DATA SYNTHESIS: The search covered five databases following PRISMA guidelines to identify papers published in English from inception to March 2023 (updated January 2024). Inclusion criteria were healthy adults in observational studies, who engaged in religious fasting practices, studies were included where data on matc

Bayesian spatial-temporal analysis and determinants of cardiovascular diseases in Tanzania mainland.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are health-threatening conditions that account for high mortality in the world. Approximately 23.6 million deaths due to CVD is expected in the year 2030 worldwide. The CVD burden is more severe in developing countries, including Tanzania. OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the spatial-temporal trends and determinants of cardiovascular diseases in Tanzania from 2010 to 2019. METHODS: Individual data were extracted from Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute (JKCI), Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital (MZRH), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) and Bugando

Motivation, Cues to Action, and Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Qualitative Application of the Health Belief Model among Women in Rural Zambia.

Vaccine hesitancy has played a major role in slowing the global COVID-19 response. Using cross-sectional, primarily qualitative data collected in four rural districts in Zambia, we aimed to explore community perceptions of COVID-19 disease and vaccines, including perceived motivators, cues to action, benefits, and barriers to vaccine uptake as guided by the Health Belief Model. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted in late 2021 with women of reproductive age who were enrolled in an early childhood development study. Although two-thirds of the 106 respondents reported low perceived risk of

Corrective Efficacy of Calcaneal Lengthening Osteotomy for Planovalgus Deformity in Cerebral Palsy Patients.

Introduction Planovalgus deformity is common in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), particularly spastic diplegia and spastic quadriplegia. It results from muscle imbalance over the immature foot skeleton, leading to hindfoot valgus, forefoot abduction, and joint subluxation. Surgical interventions, like calcaneal lengthening osteotomy (CLO), are frequently employed to correct this deformity, but objective guidelines for its use in CP patients are lacking. Material and methods This retrospective cohort study examined the efficacy of CLO in correcting plano valgus deformity in pediatric

Who bought a gun during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States?: Associations with QAnon beliefs, right-wing political attitudes, intimate partner violence, antisocial behavior, suicidality, and mental health and substance use problems.

There was a large spike in gun purchases and gun violence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. We used an online U.S. national survey (N = 1036) to examine the characteristics of people who purchased a gun between March 2020 and October 2021 (n = 103) and compared them to non-gun owners (n = 763) and people who own a gun but did not purchase a gun during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 170). Compared to non-gun owners, pandemic gun buyers were younger and more likely to be male, White race, and to affiliate with the Republican party. Compared to non-gun owners and pr

Antigen specificity and cross-reactivity drive functionally diverse anti-Aspergillus fumigatus T cell responses in cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUNDThe fungus Aspergillus fumigatus causes a variety of clinical phenotypes in patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Th cells orchestrate immune responses against fungi, but the types of A. fumigatus-specific Th cells in pwCF and their contribution to protective immunity or inflammation remain poorly characterized.METHODSWe used antigen-reactive T cell enrichment (ARTE) to investigate fungus-reactive Th cells in peripheral blood of pwCF and healthy controls.RESULTSWe show that clonally expanded, high-avidity A. fumigatus-specific effector Th cells, which were absent in healthy donors, d

Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir Among Rural Adolescents in Zimbabwe: A Cautionary Tale.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (TLD) as a safe and more effective single daily dose regimen is rolling out in Africa for people living with HIV. Although access to viral load (VL) testing is improving, patients may still be transitioned to TLD with virological failure and potential drug resistance. We reviewed annual VL test results of 390 children and adolescents who had enrolled in a community-based antiretroviral therapy program in rural Zimbabwe between 2018 and 2019. VL testing was done by the near point of care simplified amplification-based assays (Diagnosti

Delta neutrophil index as a prognostic factor for mortality in patients with Fournier's gangrene.

OBJECTIVES: The delta neutrophil index represents the fraction of circulating immature granulocytes and is a marker of infection and sepsis. Our study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the delta neutrophil index in predicting mortality in patients with Fournier's gangrene. METHODS: We enrolled patients with Fournier's gangrene who were admitted to the Wonju Severance Christian Hospital (Wonju, Korea) between September 2010 and December 2021. We retrospectively analyzed the patients' characteristics, factors related to management, scoring systems such as the Fournier's Gangrene Severity Inde