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Spermidine Suppresses Peripheral Inflammation and Alleviates Non-Motor Symptoms in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Non-motor symptoms of PD impair quality of life and remain challenging to treat. Here, we examined the effects of short- (38 days) and long-term (178 days) supplementation with the natural polyamine spermidine on anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced rat model of PD and linked them with spermidine's anti-inflammatory properties. Behavioural assessments (cylinder, sucrose preference, elevated plus-maze tests) were conducted during progressive neurodegeneration and after oral treatment. Under the same conditions, peripheral inflammation was evaluated by the total l

Early-life lipopolysaccharide exposure potentiates forebrain expression of NLRP3 inflammasome proteins and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent rats.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal inflammation may affect brain development and lead to cognitive and emotional deficits at adolescence and adulthood. The nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is the core component of NLRP3 inflammasome, which may involve in neuroinflammation. We explored if early-life exposure to the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could promote the expression of proteins related to NLRP3 inflammasome, including NLRP3, the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and cysteiny aspartate-specific protease (Casp

Changes in adaptability following perinatal morphine exposure in juvenile and adult rats.

The problem of drug abuse among pregnant women causes a major concern. The aim of the present study was to examine the adaptive consequences of long term maternal morphine exposure in offspring at different postnatal ages, and to see the possibility of compensation, as well. Pregnant rats were treated daily with morphine from the day of mating (on the first two days 5mg/kgs.c. than 10mg/kg) until weaning. Male offspring of dams treated with physiological saline served as control. Behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM; anxiety) and forced swimming test (FST; depression) as well as adrenocorti

Relationship between anxiety and tinnitus development in a rat model.

Tinnitus, the auditory perception of sound without an external environmental stimulus, affects 15 % of the human population and is associated with hearing loss. Interestingly, anxiety may be a significant risk factor in tinnitus pathophysiology potentially due to underlying common neural circuits of the auditory and limbic systems. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of stress-induced anxiety on tinnitus development in a rat model. Neonatal dexamethasone (DEX) exposure was used to mimic early life stress with the aim of inducing an anxiety-like phenotype in adulthood. These anim

Sex-Specific Outcomes in a Rat Model of Early-Life Stress Due to Adverse Caregiving.

Early parental care is critical for the development of cortico-limbic circuits regulating stress responses and emotional well-being. Conversely, infant maltreatment can increase susceptibility to mood disorders-such as anxiety and depression-and impair stress-coping abilities. Here, we employed the Scarcity-Adversity Model (SAM) in rats, limiting nesting resources from postnatal days 8-12, to examine its effects on maternal and adult offspring behavior. SAM-exposed mothers exhibited fragmented care and increased violence towards pups. By postpartum day (PPD) 13, maternal fecal corticosterone m

Dysfunctional astrocyte glutamate uptake in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to visceral pain and anxiety-like behavior in mice with chronic pancreatitis.

Abdominal visceral pain is a predominant symptom in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP); however, the underlying mechanism of pain in CP remains elusive. We hypothesized that astrocytes in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) contribute to CP pain pathogenesis. A mouse model of CP was established by repeated intraperitoneal administration of caerulein to induce abdominal visceral pain. Abdominal mechanical stimulation, open field and elevated plus maze tests were performed to assess visceral pain and anxiety-like behavior. Fiber photometry, brain slice Ca2+ imaging, electrophysio…

Comparing sprint and endurance training on anxiety, depression and its relation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats.

Although the response of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to low intensity exercise training, but the effect of intensive exercise training is not clear. Also, there is insufficient information about relationship between BDNF and depression and anxiety following intensive exercise. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of intensive endurance training (ET) and sprint interval training (SIT) on brain BDNF and its relationship with anxiety and depression in Albino Wistar rats. Anxiety and depression of rats were measured by elevated plus maze (EPM) and tail

[Electroacupuncture improves post-traumatic stress disorder in rats by alleviating hippocampal mitochondrial injury via regulating Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 signaling].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in rats. METHODS: Forty male SD rats were randomized equally into blank control group, PTSD model group, sham-acupuncture group, paroxetine group, and EA group. In the latter 3 groups, the rat models of PTSD, induced by continuous single-prolonged stress and plantar electrical stimulation, were treated with EA at GV20, GV24, BL18 and BL23 acupoints for 15 min (5 times a week for 3 weeks), sham-acupuncture without electrical stimulation, or gavage with

Integrated Phytochemical and Pharmacological Assessment of Uraria rufescens Leaves: Insights Into Its Antioxidant, Thrombolytic and CNS Activities.

Uraria rufescens is traditionally used in Bangladesh for fever and inflammation, yet its phyto-pharmacological profile was not explored adequately. This investigation exerted the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of its leaves methanolic extractives (URME), focusing on in vitro antioxidant and thrombolytic, along with in vivo anxiolytic, antidepressant and analgesic effects. Phytochemical screening was conducted via various chemical tests, whereas secondary molecules were isolated using chromatographic techniques and identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Antioxidant activit

How Do Individually Ventilated Cages Affect the Welfare of Male BALB/c Mice? Comprehensive Assessment of Behavior, Metabolism, and Responses to Acute Painful Stimuli.

INTRODUCTION: Housing conditions, which have a major impact on the welfare of laboratory animals, are an important issue in experimental research. Individually ventilated cage (IVC) and open-top cage (OTC) systems are widely used for housing laboratory mice. PURPOSE: This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of OTC and IVC housing conditions on the behavior, metabolism, and pain responses of laboratory mice from an animal welfare perspective. METHOD: We measured body temperature, body weight, anxiety levels (using the elevated plus maze and open field test), and thermal noc

Нейропозащитные эффекты экстракта печени Курбиты в модели животных с множественным склерозом Cuprizon.

Cuprizone — нейротоксин с способностью цеплять медь, и он вызывает симптомы, похожие на симптомы, вызванные множественными склерозными повреждениями. Множественный склероз, вызванный капризоной в моделях животных, изображает окислительный стресс как один из основных факторов патогенеза. Нейродегенерация стала чрезвычайно серьезной проблемой в глобальном масштабе. Предпочтительно использовать естественную терапию, чтобы остановить прогресс и будущее развитие болезни. Curbita pepo — это растение с нейрозащитными свойствами и антиоксидантами. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы определи

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Cuprizone is a neurotoxin with copper-chelating ability, and it produces symptoms that are similar to those caused by multiple sclerosis les … 400 mg/kg) doses for 5 weeks. We exposed the rats to a rotarod test, a forced swimming test, and an elevated plus maze test to assess their behavioral parameters, including motor coordination and anxiety level. Following the study, animals were sacrificed, and brain tissues were extracted to resolve biochemical analysis for oxidative stress along with histopathological c …

The neuroprotective effect of Diosgenin in the rat Valproic acid model of autism.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with two core behavioral symptoms restricted/repetitive behavior and social-communication deficit. The unknown etiology of ASD makes it difficult to identify potential treatments. Valproic acid (VPA) is an anticonvulsant drug with teratogenic effects during pregnancy in humans and rodents. Prenatal exposure to VPA induces autism-like behavior in both humans and rodents. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Diosgenin in prenatal Valproic acid-induced autism in rats. METHOD: pregnant Wister

Anti-Huntington's Effect of Rosiridin via Oxidative Stress/AchE Inhibition and Modulation of Succinate Dehydrogenase, Nitrite, and BDNF Levels against 3-Nitropropionic Acid in Rodents.

Background: Rosiridin is a compound extracted from Rhodiola sachalinensis; water extracts of Rhodiola root elicit positive effects on the human central nervous system and improve brain function. They are also thought to be beneficial to one's health, in addition to being antioxidants. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-Huntington's effect of rosiridin against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced Huntington's disease (HD)-like effects in rats. Materials and Methods: The acute toxicity in rats was elucidated to track the conceivable toxicities in the rats. The effectiveness of rosiridi

Behavioral and cognitive animal models in headache research.

Animal models have provided a growing body of information about the pathophysiology of headaches and novel therapeutic targets. In recent years, experiments in awake animals have gained attention as more relevant headache models. Pain can be assessed in animals using behavioral alterations, which includes sensory-discriminative, affective-emotional and cognitive aspects. Spontaneous behavioral alterations such as increased grooming, freezing, eye blinking, wet dog shake and head shake and decreased locomotion, rearing, food or water consumption observed during pain episodes are oftentimes easy

Behavioral and molecular evidence for psychotropic effects in L-theanine.

RATIONALE: L-Theanine (N-ethyl-L: -glutamine) is an amino acid uniquely found in green tea and historically considered to be a relaxing agent. It is a glutamate derivative and has an affinity for glutamatergic receptors. However, its psychotropic effects remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: To elucidate effects of L: -theanine on psychiatric disease-related behaviors in mice and its molecular basis focusing on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and N-methyl-D: -aspartate (NMDA) receptor. METHODS: We examined the effects of L: -theanine on behaviors in mice by using the open-field test (OFT), fo

Propionate Aggravates Anxiety and Cognitive Dysfunction in High-Fat Diet Mice by Activating Hippocampal Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation.

Insulin resistance constitutes a major global public health burden, and obesity─a critical precursor of insulin resistance─is closely associated with comorbid anxiety, depressive disorders, and cognitive impairments. Propionate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and widely used food preservative, exhibits potential public health hazards at excessive concentrations; however, its effects on neuropsychiatric manifestations and the underlying mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysfunction remain insufficiently investigated. Herein, we focused on the effects of propionate on neurobeh

Neuroprotective Effects of Empagliflozin Against Methamphetamine-Induced Withdrawal Syndrome in Mice: Involvement of Bdnf, Tlr4, and JNK Signaling Pathways and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers.

BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine withdrawal is associated with reduced dopaminergic neurotransmission, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and structural brain changes, which are linked to cognitive impairment, memory deficits, and psychological distress. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, mitigates behavioral, molecular, and histopathological alterations induced by chronic methamphetamine (METH) exposure. METHODS: Eighty male NMRI mice were allocated to 8 groups (n = 10). Methamphetamine dependence was induced by administering

Identification of Critical Signature in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Bioinformatics Analysis and in Vitro Analyses.

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric condition that emerges following exposure to trauma and significa … twork. Anxiety and depression in a mice stress model were assessed using the open-field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), and forced swimming test (FST). Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to validate key genes in stress-exposed models. RESULTS: A total of 157 common upregulated DEGs and 53 common downregulated DEGs were identified in the amygd …

Preclinical Evidence for the Use of Brexpiprazole + Antidepressant Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE: Brexpiprazole, when administered with antidepressant therapy, may provide additional benefits due to complementary actions on noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, and dopamine neurotransmitter systems. This review addressed the question: what information can preclinical studies provide on the use of brexpiprazole + antidepressant treatment? METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted to search for preclinical studies of brexpiprazole + antidepressant therapy that included a behavioral test relating to any psychiatric disorder. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and conference

Magel2 in hypothalamic POMC neurons influences the impact of stress on anxiety-like behavior and spatial learning associated with a food reward in male mice.

INTRODUCTION: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) results from a lack of expression in several paternally inherited, imprinted contiguous genes. Amo … ns display no alterations in anxiety-like behavior during the open field test, light/dark test, and elevated plus maze test in the absence of exposure to acute stress. However, male mice with a Magel2 gene deletion in these particular neurons exhibit increased stress-induced anxiety-like behavior and reduce motivation/spatial learning, while female mice do not show these …