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Epidemic strain of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus from a vampire bat captured in Oaxaca, Mexico, 1970.

A vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus, captured in Oaxaca, Mexico, in August 1970, was found to be infected with the epidemic strain of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus at the same time that an equine epizootic was occurring there.

Comparative effects of beta-propiolactone on mice, mouse-derived cell cultures, and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus.

Studies were made comparing the toxicity of beta-propiolactone (BPL) for mammalian (mouse) cells in vitro and for mice and for Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus which is highly cytopathogenic for each. The mammalian cells grown in tissue culture were found to be adversely affected by BPL in concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 mg/ml of supernatant fluid. The difference in response was influenced by the menstruum in which the BPL was suspended and the difference in cell types tested. Tenfold less BPL appeared to be required to destroy the cells when it was suspended in a balan…

INTERFERENCE BETWEEN ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS AND EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS (WESTERN TYPE) IN THE CHICK EMBRYO.

Interference between two unrelated viruses is reported. Equine encephalomyelitis virus grows only to a limited degree, if at all, when injected into chick embryos in which St. Louis encephalitis virus is being propagated.

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus as the infectious agent for a virally induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with a prevalence of over ten million patients worldwide. The … uroinflammatory model of PD in C57BL/6J mice using a naturally occurring pathogen, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), as the infectious agent. This model offers a tool for advancing our understanding of PD pathogenesis and potential treatment options.

The efficacy of exercise in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of exercise training for patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). METHODS: Seven databases were searched from inception to December 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on exercise effects in ME/CFS. A random-effects model was employed to calculate the pooled effect size, with Q, I2 statistic, and τ2 assessing a heterogeneity. Additionally, we performed moderator analyses to explore stability of results. RESULTS: A total of 17 RCTs (n = 1944) were included. Exercise interventions significantly improved fatigue (16 …

[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis during the acute phase of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae: a case report.].

OBJETIVES: To describe a pediatric patient who developed acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) during the acute phase of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a previously unreported association. CASE REPORT: A previously healthy 3-year-old girl presented with fever and altered consciousness. She was diagnosed with bacterial meningoencephalitis and required mechanical ventilation. S. pneumoniae was isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Despite clinical improvement after antibiotic therapy, persistent neurological deficits were observed. Brain MRI revealed lesion…

Use and Perceived Helpfulness of Different Intervention Strategies in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Depression.

Background: Patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) or depression both frequently report debilitating exhaustion, yet the two conditions differ in their etiological and diagnostic clarity, and clinical management. This study aimed to examine differences in the use and perceived helpfulness of a broad range of conventional treatments and complementary interventions, including nutritional approaches, between patients with ME/CFS and depression. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in 2024. A total of 819 participants self-identified as having e…

Acute onset of progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus complicated by paroxysmal respiratory failure: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a variant form of stiff person spectrum disorders. Paroxysmal respiratory failure and paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome (PSH) had rarely been reported in PERM cases. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a PERM case with acute onset of limb stiffness followed by rapid progression to severe sound-induced myoclonus with respiratory failure (oxygen saturation decreased to 30% with generalized cyanosis). The patient also exhibited ptosis, restricted rightward and downward eye movement, peripheral facial paralysis, …

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Presenting With Paraplegia and a Neurogenic Bladder: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated demyelinating disorder in children. While lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is estimated to affect up to 33% of patients, it is frequently overlooked in clinical reports, and specific rehabilitation strategies are still lacking. We describe a pediatric patient with ADEM presenting with paraplegia and an areflexic neurogenic bladder, managed with a structured rehabilitation protocol, including clean intermittent catheterization, afferent neuromodulation, and pelvic floor training. Progressive neurological and urinary rec…

Patient experiences of remote consulting with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis and fibromyalgia: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Remote and digital consulting in primary care has rapidly expanded since March 2020. It is important to understand patient experiences, particularly for those living with complex long-term conditions, to identify how care can best be delivered, including within the remote space. AIM: To explore the experiences of people living with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) and fibromyalgia when consulting remotely in primary care. DESIGN & SETTING: Semi-structured interviews with patients living with CFS/ME and fibromyalgia in general practice in England. METHO…

Peripheral immune response and axonal degeneration in the hind paw skin of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is traditionally considered a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by chronic inflammation and demyeli … al changes that amplify pain sensitivity. In human MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), inflammation and neuronal injury have been observed in the DRG, yet the role of the PNS in MS pain remains underexplored. To investigate peripheral contributions to pain in EAE, we examined disease-induced changes in hind paw cutaneous tissue …

The P2X7R-antagonist AFC-5128 ameliorates chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a preventive and therapeutic paradigm.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by chronic inflammation driven by central nervous system (CNS)-resident immune cells such as microglia, especially during the progressive phase of the disease. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a risk protein for MS, is ubiquitously expressed on immune cells. AFC-5128, a CNS-penetrating small molecule inhibitor of P2X7R, is a promising agent for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as MS. METHODS: In vitro, the effects on the calcium influx of primary murine microglia were assessed via Fluo-4 calcium imaging. In vivo, MOG35-55 immunized C57BL

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis All animal experiments were approved by the animal care committee of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (LANUV, no. 81-02.04.2021.A368). … EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; s.c., subcutaneously; i.p., intraperitoneally; PTX, pertussis toxin; FTY, fingolimod. …

Модуляция оси CD200/CD200R на IFN-β Лечение в модели мыши экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиэлита.

Интерферон-б (IFN-β), гликпротеин, высвобождаемый во время вирусных инфекций, играет решающую роль в модуляции Т клеток, связанных с множественным склерозом (MS). CD200 — молекула иммуномудулятора, выраженная во многих типах клеток, включая нейроны. Она уменьшает прогрессию MS и экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита (EAE) путем взаимодействия с CD200R, в основном выраженного на миелиоидных линейных клетках. Это взаимодействие предотвращает повреждение мозга и замедляет прогрессию болезни. ЦЕЛЬ: В этом исследовании были изучены изменения в выражении CD200 и CD200R генов в мозгу мышей

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Interferon-b (IFN-β), a glycoprotein released during viral infections, plays a crucial role in modulating T cells involved in multiple sclerosis (MS). CD200 is an immunomodulatory molecule expressed in many cell types, including neurons. It reduces the progression of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by interacting with CD200…

Progressive Encephalomyelitis With Rigidity and Myoclonus With Glycine Receptor and GAD65 Antibodies: Case Report and Potential Mechanisms.

OBJECTIVES: Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a severe form of stiff-person spectrum disorder that can be associated with antibodies against surface antigens (glycine receptor (GlyR), dipeptidyl-peptidase-like-protein-6) and intracellular antigens (glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65), amphiphysin). METHODS: We report clinico-pathologic findings of a PERM patient with coexisting GlyR and GAD65 antibodies. RESULTS: A 75-year-old man presented with myoclonus and pain of the legs, subsequently developed severe motor symptoms, hyperekplexia, a pronounced startle refl…

An Unusual Case of Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis and Acute Disseminating Encephalomyelitis in a 21-Year-Old Caucasian Male.

Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are characterized by damage to either blood vessels or grey matter. For both diseases, infections can be an etiology. In cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, the initial insult causes damage to the glomerulus, and in the case of ADEM, damage leads to a central nervous system demyelinating disorder. Infective endocarditis can be associated with both diseases and can be challenging to diagnose. Individuals on antibiotics may present with negative blood cultures, making underlying infective endocarditis difficult to diagnose. In …

Demyelination and neurodegeneration early in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis contribute to functional deficits in the anterior visual pathway.

Impaired visual function is a prevalent feature of optic neuritis (ON) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Abnormal visual evoked potential (VEP) findings of increased latencies, reduced amplitudes and abnormal waveforms as well as decreased retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) are hallmarks of ON-induced visual dysfunction. Here we utilized the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS to investigate the functional and pathological progression during early (before any clinical symptoms), peak (initial maximal clinical symptoms), and l…

Electrophysiological and Histological Correlations of Optic Neuritis in the Dark Agouti Rat Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of Inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disease. Dark agouti (DA) rats immunized with full-length myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG1-125) typically develop a relapsing-remitting EAE form characterized by predominant demyelinating involvement of the spinal cord and optic nerve. Visually evoked potentials (VEP) are a useful objective tool to assess the optic nerve function and monitor electrophysiological changes in optic neuritis (ON). The current study aimed to assess the VEP changes in MOG-EAE DA rats using a minim…

Anomalies in the review process and interpretation of the evidence in the NICE guideline for chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis.

Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a disabling long-term condition of unknown cause. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a guideline in 2021 that highlighted the seriousness of the condition, but also recommended that graded exercise therapy (GET) should not be used and cognitive-behavioural therapy should only be used to manage symptoms and reduce distress, not to aid recovery. This U-turn in recommendations from the previous 2007 guideline is controversial.We suggest that the controversy stems from anomalies in both processing an…