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Kidney toxicity related to herbs and dietary supplements: Online table of case reports. Part 3 of 5 series.

BACKGROUND: No tabular summary of potentially life-threatening, kidney-toxic dietary supplements (DS; includes herbs) based on PubMed case reports is currently available online and continually updated to forewarn United States consumers, clinicians, and companies manufacturing DS. The purpose of this review was to create an online research summary table of kidney toxicity case reports related to DS. METHODS: Documented PubMed case reports (1966 to May 2016, and cross-referencing) of DS appearing to contribute to kidney toxicity were listed in "DS Toxic Tables." Keywords included "herb" or "di

Neuroprotective effects of fermented soybean products (Cheonggukjang) manufactured by mixed culture of Bacillus subtilis MC31 and Lactobacillus sakei 383 on trimethyltin-induced cognitive defects mice.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of Cheonggukjang (CGK) manufactured by mixed culture of Bacillus subtilis MC31 and Lactobacillus sakei 383 on neurotoxic damages. METHODS: The specific aspects of brain functions were measured in Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice that had been pretreated for 4 weeks with three difference doses of CGK before trimethyltin (TMT) treatment. RESULTS: The short- and long-term memory loss induced by TMT treatment was significantly improved in the CGK-pretreated group in a dose-dependent manner. The number of dead cells in the

Induction of Nrf2 and metallothionein as a common mechanism of hepatoprotective medicinal herbs.

Many Chinese medicines have the potential to be hepatoprotective and therefore can be used to treat acute and chronic liver diseases. The challenge is to identify the molecular target for their protective mechanism. This study investigated the induction of nuclear factor-erythroid 2(NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant genes and metallothionein as a common mechanism of hepatoprotective effects of Chinese medicines such as Piper puberulum. Mice were pretreated with Piper puberulum extract (PPE, 500 mg/kg, po) or vehicles for seven days, followed by intoxication with CCl 4 (25 μl/kg, ip fo

Hepatoprotective effects of flavonoids from shekwasha (Citrus depressa) against D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats.

We attempted to isolate the constituent(s) responsible for the suppressive effect of the juice of shekwasha, a citrus produced in Okinawa Prefecture, on D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced liver injury in rats. Liver injury-suppressive activity, as assessed by plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, was found only in the fraction that was extracted with n-hexane when three fractions were added to the diet and fed to rats. Of five compounds isolated from the n-hexane-soluble fraction by silica gel column chromatography, three compounds had liver injury-suppressive

Antifibrotic activity of anthocyanidin delphinidin in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of anthocyanidin delphinidin in carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Male Balb/C mice were treated with CCl(4) dissolved in olive oil (20%, v/v, 2mL/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.), twice a week for 7 weeks. Delphinidin was administered i.p. once daily for next 2 weeks, in doses of 10 and 25mg/kg of body weight. The CCl(4) control group has been observed for spontaneous reversion of fibrosis. CCl(4)-administration induced an elevation in serum transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels and increased o

Protective effect of Smilax glabra extract against lead-induced oxidative stress in rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Smilax glabra Roxb. is a traditional Chinese herb, the rhizome of Smilax glabra has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of lead poisoning. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The present study was conducted to investigate the protective role of Smilax glabra extract (SGE) individually or combined with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) against the effects of lead acetate on oxidative stress and lead burden in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The biochemical parameters and enzymes in different treated rats were determined by commercial kits. The metal concentrations w

Antioxidant effect of Cytisus scoparius against carbon tetrachloride treated liver injury in rats.

The study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of Cytisus scoparius L. (Family: Leguminosae) on CCl(4) (carbon tetrachloride) treated oxidative stress in Wistar albino rats. CCl(4) injection induced oxidative stress by a significant rise in serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases (SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) along with reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutath

Protective mechanism of salvia miltiorrhiza on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Sm) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats received a single dose of CCl(4) (2 ml/kg in corn oil, intraperitoneally). Three hours after CCl(4) intoxication, rats received either Sm (100 mg/kg) or silymarin (100 mg/kg) by gastrogavage twice a day for 2 consecutive days. CCl(4)-induced liver damage was shown by significant elevation of serum aminotransferase levels. Additionally, a significant decrease was observed in hepatic microsomal P450 2E1 protein co

Targeting ROS/NF-κB sigaling pathway by the seedless black Vitis vinifera polyphenols in CCl4-intoxicated kidney, lung, brain, and spleen in rats.

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an abundant environmental pollutant that can generate free radicals and induce oxidative stress in different human and animal organs like the kidney, lung, brain, and spleen, causing toxicity. The present study evaluated the alleviative mechanism of the isolated polyphenolic fraction from seedless (pulp and skin) black Vitis vinifera (VVPF) on systemic oxidative and necroinflammatory stress in CCl4-intoxicated rats. Here, we found that the administration of VVPF to CCl4-intoxicated rats for ten days was obviously ameliorated the CCl4-induced systemic elevation in

Neuroprotective effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and its bioactive constituent work via ameliorating the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, decreased striatal dopamine levels, and consequent extrapyramidal motor dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential in vivo protective effects of Duzhong against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), as well as the bioactive constituents against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) toxicity in vitro. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally administrated five consecutive injections of MPTP every 24

Carthamus red from Carthamus tinctorius L. exerts antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect against CCl(4)-induced liver damage in rats via the Nrf2 pathway.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Carthamus red isolated from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L., a Chinese traditional medicine) is evaluated for antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Carthamus red was isolated from a Na2CO3 extract of safflower and its analysis was carried out by HPLC/MS. Acute toxicity study was determined and the antioxidant activity was investigated using various established in vitro systems. An in vivo study against CCl4-induced liver injury was also conducted and compared with that of silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug. RESULTS: Cartham

Enhanced neuroprotective effect by combination of bromocriptine and Hypericum perforatum extract against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice.

The present study has been designed to evaluate the combined effect of bromocriptine (BRC) and Hypericum perforatum extract (HPE) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease in male Swiss Albino mice, which were randomly divided into seven groups of six animals each. Group I served as control. Groups II and III were given 300 mg/kg HPE (po) and 10 mg/kg BRC (i.p.) respectively, once daily for 7 days. The four doses of MPTP (20 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally with an interval of 2 h to the groups IV, V, VI and VII. The drug treatment was given t

Protective effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice on testes against carbon tetrachloride intoxication in rats.

BACKGROUND: Pomegranate fruit has been extensively used as a natural medicine in many cultures. The present study was aimed at evaluating the protective effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and testes injury in adult Wistar rats. METHODS: Twenty eight Wistar albino male rats were divided equally into 4 groups for the assessment of protective potential of pomegranate juice. Rats of group I (control) received only vehicles and had free access to food and water. Rats of groups II and IV were treated with CCl4 (2 ml/kg bwt) vi

Protective effect of Lycium chinense fruit on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity.

In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of Lycium chinense Miller (Solanaceae) fruit (LFE) against CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity and the mechanism underlying these protective effects in rats. The pretreatment of LFE has shown to possess a significant protective effect by lowering the serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST and ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This hepatoprotective action was confirmed by histological observation. In addition, pretreatment of LFE prevented the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and the depletion of reduced glu

Preventive effects of a fractioned polysaccharide from a traditional Chinese herbal medical formula (Yu Ping Feng San) on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES: The study was to investigate the prevention effects and possible mechanism of Yu Ping Feng San fractioned polysaccharide (YPF-P) on CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. METHODS: YPF-P was prepared from root of Astragalus membranaceus, rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephaia and root of Raidix saposhnikoviae, and compared with polysaccharide from root of Astragalus membranaceus (AP). Hepatic fibrosis was induced by subcutaneous injection with carbon tetrachloride twice weekly for 12 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats. YPF-P, AP and colchicine were administered intragastrically daily to ca

Oral administration of pyridostigmine bromide and huperzine A protects human whole blood cholinesterases from ex vivo exposure to soman.

Cholinesterases (ChEs) are classified as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) according to their substrate specificity and sensitivity to selected inhibitors. The activities of AChE in red blood cells (RBC-AChE) and BChE in serum can be used as potential biomarkers of suppressed and/or heightened activity in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Exposure to organophosphate (OP) chemical warfare agents (CWAs), pesticides, anesthetics, and a variety of drugs such as cocaine, as well as some neurodegenerative and liver disease states, selectively reduces AChE or BChE

Reproductive and offspring developmental effects following maternal inhalation exposure to methanol in nonhuman primates.

INTRODUCTION: In an effort to improve air quality and decrease dependence on petroleum, the federal government, industry, and other groups have encouraged development of alternative fuels such as methanol to substitute for gasoline or diesel fuel. Methanol is also a candidate to provide the hydrogen for fuel cells, which are being developed for a variety of power sources (including motor vehicle engines). Before people are exposed to increased concentrations of methanol, the potential health effects of such exposures require study. Methanol, a simple alcohol containing one carbon atom, occurs

Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--United States, 1995-1996.

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Since 1971, CDC and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data that relate to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs). REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: This summary includes data for January 1995 through December 1996 and previously unreported outbreaks in 1994. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM: The surveillance system includes data about outbreaks associated with drinking water and recreational water. State, territorial, and local public health departments are primari

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… Usually a plant poisoning caused by the following calcinogenic plants: Solanum glaucophyllum (S. malacoxylon), S. linneanum (S. hermannii, S. sodomaeum), S. erianthum, S. torvum, Cestrum diurnum, Stenotaphrum secundatum, Trisetum flavescens, Nierembergia veitchii . …

Diseases of the Nervous System

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