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Impact of the initial phase of COVID-19 pandemic on surgical oncology services at a tertiary care center in Eastern India.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health emergency and affected the resources in both the public and private health sectors significantly. The present study aims to assess the impact of the pandemic on the services by the department in the first 3 months since the first COVID case in the region. METHODS: The study period was from 16 March to 15 June 2020. We queried the database for data on site of the tumor, diagnosis, stage, tumor board decisions and planning, surgical procedures, adjuvant treatment, and follow-up details. The change in tumor board decision and actual tr

The push of stigma: a qualitative study on the experiences and consequences of sexuality stigma among same-sex attracted men in Harare, Zimbabwe.

This paper describes experiences of sexuality stigma among same-sex attracted men in Zimbabwe and analyses the consequences of such experiences for healthcare seeking. It draws on qualitative research carried out in Harare in 2017, which included in-depth interviews with sixteen gay and bisexual men, and key informant interviews with three representatives of organisations that work with gay men. There were numerous stories about sexuality stigma in the study participants´ social environments, including at home, in local communities and in healthcare facilities. We first offer a description of

Sickness certification difficulties in Ireland--a GP focus group study.

BACKGROUND: Sickness certification causes problems for general practitioners (GPs). Difficulty with the assessment of capacity to work, conf … health care and cultural factors in sickness absence behaviour. Employment structures in public and private sectors and lack of communication with other health care providers and employers were identified as complicating sickness certification. CONCLUSIONS: GPs encounter a complexity of issues in sick certification and are dissatisfied with their role in certif …

[Ethical issue in animal experimentation].

In the 1970s, under pressure from certain sections of society and thanks to initiatives by several scientific research teams, committees cha … g. Now, all animal experiments must first receive ethical approval--from in-house committees in the private sector and from regional committees for public institutions. Very recently, under the impetus of the French ministries of research and agriculture, the National committee for ethical animal experimentation published a national ethical charter on animal exp …

A brief history and some current dimensions of adolescent treatment in the United States.

Resources for the treatment of adolescent substance use disorders have increased over the past century in tandem with the increased visibility and cultural alarm regarding adolescent substance-related problems. The United States now has a multi-branched and growing system of adolescent treatment services that spans public and private sectors and offers services in both specialty and non-specialty service settings. Most adolescents are entering treatment due to alcohol and/or cannabis-related problems (and, to a lesser degree, other illicit drugs), but present with a wide array of co-occurring …

Maxillofacial trauma and the GDP--specialty recognition and patterns of referral.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate New Zealand GDPs' awareness of maxillofacial trauma and to identify their associated referral patterns. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of a random sample of GDPs. METHOD: A nationwide postal questionnaire survey was sent to GDPs on the New Zealand Dental Register, maintained by the Dental Council of New Zealand. The questionnaire requested socio-demographic details, together with information on the availability of specialist services and their need for continuing professional development in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS). The questionnaire also asked the GDPs

Analysis of the 2013-2020 WHO Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases Using the 2008 Davies Provenance Framework​.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for 41 million deaths annually, making them the world's leading cause of death. To address this growing crisis, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced and implemented the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013-2020. In this plan, the WHO provided a strategic roadmap to achieve a relative reduction of 25% in premature NCD deaths by 2025. By utilizing and adapting the 2008 Davies Provenance Framework, this review critically evaluated the WHO Global Action Plan. This framework, a policy analysis tool, was

Public service and private profit: a mixed methods study of cataract surgery in England.

This paper explores changes in the commissioning, contracting and provision of NHS-funded cataract surgery in England over the last decade, focusing on the growing role of independent sector providers (ISPs). In recent years, there has been a dramatic rise in NHS-funded cataract surgery (from almost 417,000 cases in 2018/19 to about 650,000 in 2023/24) with the ISP share increasing from 22 to 57 per cent. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative analysis of over 4.6 million NHS-funded hospital admissions for cataract surgery (2013-2024) and qualitative interviews with seni

Can we optimise the TB response amid funding constraints using evidence-based, cost-effective strategies.

BACKGROUND: Despite progress in the TB response, including through the Global Fund's catalytic efforts, funding gaps and inefficiencies thre … including pooled samples) with molecular diagnostics, decentralising care, engaging communities and private sector, and integrating TB services with broader health system. Cost-saving measures involve integrated sample transport and supervision, integrating TB with other diseases such as HIV, diabetes, and undernutrition, task shifting, shorter treatment regimen …

Lessons learned from implementing a large-scale contact investigation and TB preventive treatment project in India.

BACKGROUND: TB preventive treatment (TPT) is central to reducing TB incidence among high-risk populations. This paper presents learnings fro … d early discontinuation due to adverse drug reactions, regional diagnostic disparities, and limited private sector engagement. CONCLUSION: Large-scale TPT delivery is feasible in high-burden settings when integrated with routine health system platforms and community-based approaches. Key operational insights included chest X-ray screening, and scale-up of short …

Machine Learning Insights Into Amputation Risk: Evaluating Wound Classification Systems in Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

This study compares the performance of various wound classification systems to determine which system most effectively predicts amputation risk in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients. Additionally, it identifies the key clinical and socioeconomic factors that influence this risk. A total of 616 DFUs from 400 outpatient participants in a prospective cohort study were followed over 6 months. Ten machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of various wound classification systems. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was used to interpret the predic

The shortcomings of synthetic census microdata.

U.S. Census Bureau officials recently reaffirmed the Bureau's ongoing efforts to replace the American Community Survey (ACS) public use microdata sample with "fully synthetic" data to protect respondent confidentiality. With the growth of computing power and expansion of private sector data about the population, the Census Bureau has valid concerns about confidentiality threats to public data. The current plan for fully synthetic data, however, threatens a cornerstone of the nation's scientific infrastructure. Census microdata samples are among the most frequently used sources in social scienc…

Low back pain prevalence and associated factors among nurses: cross sectional study from Palestine.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of low back pain among nurses is notably high, which negatively affects their job performance and overall work … y encompassed 258 nursing employees from both the largest and smallest Ministry of Health (MOH) and private sector hospitals in Nablus city, West Bank, Palestine. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. RESULT: A total of 258 nurses participated in the study, yielding a response rate of 98%. The lifetime prevalence of Low Back Pain (LBP) …

A Low-Cost, Integrated Immunization, Health, and Nutrition Intervention in Conflict Settings in Pakistan-The Impact on Zero-Dose Children and Polio Coverage.

Pakistan is one of two countries globally still endemic for poliovirus. While increasing immunization coverage is a concern, providing equitable access to care is also a priority, especially for conflict-affected populations. Recognizing these challenges, Naunehal, an integrated model of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH), immunization, and nutrition services delivered through community mobilization, mobile outreach, and private-sector engagement was implemented in conflict-affected union councils (UCs) with high poliovirus transmission, including Kharotabad 1(Quetta, Balochistan) and

Disaster recovery funding: Enhanced understanding for improved outcomes.

The complexities of post-disaster recovery funding present significant challenges to state and local communities, particularly with the incr … ance the communication process; (3) a solution to recovery funding should include insurance and the private sector. Enhanced coordination mechanisms will result in improved outcomes for jurisdictions recovering from the overwhelming and cascading effects of disasters. These findings have both national and international implications.

Rewind for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: The Rewind Technique (Rewind) is a psychological therapy for people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is already used regularly in the National Health Service (NHS), the third sector and private practice across the UK. This study set out to explore the potential efficacy and feasibility of remotely delivered Rewind for the treatment of PTSD. METHODS: This study was a two-armed, exploratory RCT to assess the preliminary efficacy, adherence, feasibility, and factors affecting outcome of Rewind versus a waitlist control group. RESULTS: The entire trial was delivered r

Top 10 public health challenges to track in 2023: Shifting focus beyond a global pandemic.

The year 2022 saw COVID-19 as the primary public health concern, with vaccine rollout and mandates at the forefront. Other viral infectious diseases, such as Monkeypox and Ebola, emerged as public health concerns. Climate change and political conflicts significantly impacted global health, increasing the demand for humanitarian assistance and protection. In 2023, it remains crucial to identify global and public health priority areas to coordinate and implement effective solutions. Through discussions with public health practitioners and researchers, we have identified key priority areas for 20

High Resistance to Antibiotics Recommended in Standard Treatment Guidelines in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Patients with Urinary Tract Infections between 2017-2021.

Management of urinary tract infections is challenged by increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide. In this study, we describe the trends in antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens isolated from the largest private sector laboratory in Ghana over a five-year period. We reviewed positive urine cultures at the MDS Lancet Laboratories from 2017 to 2021. The proportions of uropathogens with antimicrobial resistance to oral and parenteral antimicrobials recommended by the Ghana standard treatment guidelines were determined. The proportion of multi-drug resistant isolates, ESBL and carbape…

Global challenges in preparedness and response to epidemic infectious diseases.

Lessons drawn from successes and failures with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Ebola virus disease (EVD) should help shaping a robust health innovation system for infectious disease epidemics. Epidemic response research and development (R&D) can be mobilized quickly for public health priorities and yield medicinal products within months. However, to resolve epidemics, technological advances must be equitably accessible and deployed, and these examples expose the limitations of a supply-driven, fragmented R&D ecosystem relying primarily on the private sector to deliver health products. …

Towards a unified approach for multiple myeloma care in Kenya - proceedings of the Inaugural Multiple Myeloma Congress.

The rising burden of multiple myeloma in Kenya has not been met by a commensurate effort for control. Patients and practitioners struggle with unavailability and unaffordability of diagnostics, drugs and stem cell transplant leading to presentation at advanced stages and under-treatment with increased morbidities and mortality. A concerted effort among stakeholders is urgently needed to develop strategies for myeloma control. The scarcity of providers also carries grave consequences for Kenyan patients. The Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) multiple myeloma program organiz

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… In contrast, the private sector is capable of providing these services. A public-private-partnership has the potential of increasing access to underserved populations in the short-term. … In Guatemala, a lower-middle income country with disparate access to cancer care, integration between a public paediatric cancer centre and private sector ensured that advanced diagnostic services are made available to vulnerable populations [ 11 ]. …