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Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Diversity of the Immunological Landscape following Central Nervous System Infection by a Murine Coronavirus.

Intracranial (i.c.) infection of susceptible C57BL/6 mice with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) (a member of the C … ense. Furthermore, we identify potential genes involved in contributing to demyelination as well as remyelination being expressed by both microglia and macrophages. Collectively, these findings emphasize the diversity of the immune responses and molecular networks at defined stages following viral infection of the CNS.IMPORTANCE Understanding the immunological …

Regulation of Asymmetric Cell Division in Mammalian Neural Stem and Cancer Precursor Cells.

Stem and progenitor cells are characterized by their abilities to self-renew and produce differentiated progeny. The balance between self-re … metric cell division can be associated with reduced differentiation common during aging or impaired remyelination as seen in demyelinating diseases. Progenitor-like glioma precursor cells show decreased asymmetric cell division rates and increased symmetric divisions, which suggests that asymmetric cell division suppresses brain tumor formation. Cancer stem cel …

Curcumin accelerates the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats through reducing Schwann cells apoptosis and promoting myelinization.

BACKGROUND: Schwann cells (SCs) play an indispensable role in the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. Curcumin can reduce S … sis was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Curcumin could promote injury-induced cell autophagy, remyelination and axon regeneration in sciatic nerve of rats. In vitro, curcumin could accelerate cell autophagy through regulating autophagy related Erk1/2 and Akt pathway, prevent cell apoptosis and promote expression of PMP22 and S100, and reduced deposition o …

Intravenous transplantation of mouse embryonic stem cells attenuates demyelination in an ICR outbred mouse model of demyelinating diseases.

Induction of demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) of experimental mice using cuprizone is widely used as an animal model for st … gh it remains unclear whether mES cells or trophic effects from mES cells are the cause of enhanced remyelination, the results of the present study may shed some light on exogenous cell therapy in central nervous system demyelinating diseases.

Pain and spinal cord imaging measures in children with demyelinating disease.

Pain is a significant problem in diseases affecting the spinal cord, including demyelinating disease. To date, studies have examined the rel … Findings from these quantitative imaging modalities correlate with the extent of demyelination and remyelination. These techniques may be of potential use for defining the evolution of the disease state, how it may affect specific spinal cord pathways, and contribute to the management of pediatric demyelination syndromes. Since pain is a major presenting sympt …

Thymic Atrophy and Apoptosis of CD4+CD8+ Thymocytes in the Cuprizone Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Previous studies on the degenerative animal model of multiple sclerosis suggested that the copper-chelator cuprizone might directly suppress … leterious effects, the cuprizone model could be valuable in studying thymus regeneration as well as remyelination processes.

Nimodipine-mediated re-myelination after facial nerve crush injury in rats.

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of nimodipine-mediated neural repair after facial nerve crush injury in rats. Adult Sprague-Da … ial nerve crush injury, treatment with nimodipine for 20 days reduced the nerve injury by mediating remyelination by Schwann cells. The protective effect of nimodipine may include a reduction of inflammation and an increase in calcium-binding S-100β protein.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promotes increased phenotypic marker expression in femoral sensory and motor-derived Schwann cell cultures.

Schwann cells (SCs) secrete growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules that promote neuronal survival and help guide axons during regeneration. Transplantation of SCs is a promising strategy for enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration. However, we and others have shown that after long-term in vitro expansion, SCs revert to a de-differentiated state similar to the phenotype observed after injury. In vivo, glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) may guide the differentiation of SCs to remyelinate regenerating axons. Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenous GDNF may guide the d

Sensory axonal dysfunction in cervical radiculopathy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in sensory axonal excitability in the distal nerve in patients with cervical radiculopathy. METHODS: The patients were classified by the findings of cervical MRI into two subgroups: 22 patients with C6/7 root compression and 25 patients with cervical cord and root compression above/at C6/7. Patients were investigated using conventional nerve conduction studies (NCS) and nerve excitability testing. Sensory nerve excitability testing was undertaken with stimulation at the wrist and recording from digit II (dermatome C6/7). The results wer

Early proliferation does not prevent the loss of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells during the chronic phase of secondary degeneration in a CNS white matter tract.

Partial injury to the central nervous system (CNS) is exacerbated by additional loss of neurons and glia via toxic events known as secondary … cting early oligogenesis, while the appearance of shortened myelin internodes at 3 months suggested remyelination. Taken together, chronic OPC decreases may contribute to the persistent myelin abnormalities and functional loss seen in ON during secondary degeneration.

Inflammation induced neurological handicap processes in multiple sclerosis: new insights from preclinical studies.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is described as originating from incompletely explained neuroinflammatory processes, dysfunction of neuronal repair mechanisms and chronicity of inflammation events. Blood-borne immune cell infiltration and microglia activation are causing both neuronal destruction and myelin loss, which are responsible for progressive motor deficiencies, organic and cognitive dysfunctions. MRI as a non-invasive imaging method offers various ways to visualise de- and remyelination, neuronal loss, leukocyte infiltration, blood-brain barrier modification and new sensors are emerging to de…

Peripheral neuropathy in Krabbe disease: effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may slow the progression of Krabbe disease (KD) if performed early in the disease … followed by improvement in peripheral nerve conduction abnormalities in these patients, suggesting remyelination of the nerves.

Biochemical and pathological evaluation of long-lived mice with globoid cell leukodystrophy after bone marrow transplantation.

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a disorder of the central and peripheral nervous systems caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme galactocerebrosidase (GALC). The pathological changes associated with the disease include accumulation of globoid cells and loss of myelin due to production of psychosine, a toxic metabolite responsible for the apoptosis of oligodendrocytes. While most patients present with symptoms before 6 months of age, older patients are also diagnosed. Treatment at this time is limited to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in asymptomatic and late-onset patien

Peripheral nerve regeneration by transplantation of bone marrow stromal cell-derived Schwann cells in adult rats.

OBJECT: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) can be induced to form Schwann cells by sequentially treating the cells with beta-mercaptoethanol and retinoic acid, followed by forskolin and neurotrophic factors including heregulin. In this study the authors made artificial grafts filled with BMSC-derived Schwann cells (BMSC-DSCs) and transplanted them into the transected sciatic nerve in adult rats to evaluate the potential of BMSCs as a novel alternative method of peripheral nerve regeneration. METHODS: The BMSC-DSCs were suspended in Matrigel and transferred into hollow fibers (12 mm in length),

Variation of visual evoked potential delay to stimulation of central, nasal, and temporal regions of the macula in optic neuritis.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the degree of visual evoked potential (VEP) delay to stimulation of central, nasal, and temporal regions of the macul … ausing demyelination, or fibres located closer to the edge of the plaque may undergo more effective remyelination in the first few weeks after the acute episode.

Fetal nerve healing: an experimental study.

An experimental study was performed to assess fetal nerve repair and regeneration both qualitatively and quantitatively. The posterior tibial nerves in one hindlimb were transected in 16 midgestational fetal lambs and in their mothers. The nerves were then repaired with epineurial sutures and allowed to progress to 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postinjury. Qualitative assessment was performed through standard nerve histologic staining, including Luxol fast and toluidine blue for myelin and Bielschowsky stain for axons, and quantitative assessment through nerve conduction velocity studies and morphometr

A new model of photochemically induced acute and reversible demyelination in the peripheral nervous system.

Acute photochemical demyelination accompanied by minor axonal degeneration was produced in rat sciatic nerve after topical application of the photosensitive dye Rose Bengal and focal illumination with cold light. Animals were sacrificed at different time periods after challenge and the exposed nerves prepared for light microscopic and ultrastructural evaluation. Important structural changes were already observed at 4-6 h. These included endoneurial swelling, diapedesis of neutrophils and monocytes, vacuolization and vesicularization of Schwann cell cytoplasm, lamellar separation of myelin shea

[XVII Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: Review of the New Developments Presented at the 2024 ECTRIMS Congress (I)].

INTRODUCTION: The XVII edition of the post-European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) meeting was held on … d Conclusions: In active MS lesions, there is no correlation between the myeloid cell phenotype and remyelination, while memory astrocytes, regulated by the CLEC16A gene, are present in chronic active lesions. Gray matter atrophy is associated with disability and progression independent of relapses, whereas cervical spinal cord atrophy predicts the prognosis of …

[XVIII Митинг после ECTRIMS: Обзор новых разработок, представленных на Конгресс ECTRIMS 2025 (Часть I)]

18-е издание совещания Европейского комитета по лечению и исследованию множественной скlerоза (ECTRIMS) прошло 17-18 октября 2025 года в Мадриде, объединив испанских нейрологов, специализирующихся на множественной склерозе (МС), которые представили наиболее значимые достижения, обсуждённые на конгрессе ECTRIMS несколько дней ранее в Барселоне. Целью собрания было обобщить последние достижения в патогенезе, новые критерии диагностики и биомаркеры МС. Эта статья является первой частью двухчастной серии (I и II), которая обзором последних данных о транспортировке клеток в центральную нервную сист

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The 18th edition of the post-European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) meeting was held on 17-18 October … r the early prediction of progression and treatment response is also reviewed. Finally, advances in remyelination mechanisms and in biomarkers are presented, underscoring the value of multimodal and longitudinal approaches for prognostic stratification and treatment monitoring. Overall, the data reviewed reflect a change into a more integrated and predictive un …

Neurosteroids Progesterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone: Molecular Mechanisms of Action in Neuroprotection and Neuroinflammation.

Neurosteroids pregnenolone, progesterone, allopregnanolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone have been actively studied in the last years as candi … odulatory, and cytoprotective action; they stimulate the synthesis and release of BDNF and increase remyelination and regeneration. In addition to nuclear and membrane steroid hormone receptors, such as PR, mPR, PGRMC1,2, ER, AR, CAR, and PXR, they can bind to GABAA receptors, NMDA receptors, Sigma-1 and -2 receptors (σ1-R/σ2-R). Among these, mPRs, PGRMC1,2, si …