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Behavioral Phenotyping of Juvenile Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley Rats: Implications for Preclinical Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders.

The laboratory rat is emerging as an attractive preclinical animal model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), allowing investigators to explor … clinical ASD models in rats are threefold: (i) commonly utilized strains exhibit unique patterns of social interactions, including strain-specific play behaviors, (ii) the testing environment may profoundly influence the expression of strain-specific social behavior and (iii) simple, automated measures of sociability may not capture the complexities of rat social in …

Preschool children with gender normative and gender non-normative peer preferences: psychosocial and environmental correlates.

We addressed several issues concerning children who show gender non-normative (GNN) patterns of peer play. First, do young children with GNN peer preferences differ from children with gender normative (GN) peer preferences in problem behaviors? Second, do GNN and GN children differ in sociability and isolation and do they have differential socialization opportunities with externalizing, internalizing, and socially competent peers? We employed a Bayesian approach for classifying children as GNN based on their peer preferences as compared to their peers using a sample of Head Start preschool chi

Friend or foe: the effect of implicit trustworthiness judgments in social decision-making.

The human face appears to play a key role in signaling social intentions and usually people form reliable and strong impressions on the basis of someone's facial appearance. Therefore, facial signals could have a substantial influence on how people evaluate and behave towards another person in a social interaction, such as an interactive risky decision-making game. Indeed, there is a growing body of evidence that demonstrates that social behavior plays a crucial role in human decision-making. Although previous research has demonstrated that explicit social information about one's partner can i…

Scenario-specific aberrations of social reward processing in dimensional schizotypy and psychopathy.

The feelings of reward associated with social interaction help to motivate social behaviour and influence preferences for different types of social contact. In two studies conducted in a general population sample, we investigated self-reported and experimentally-assessed social reward processing in personality spectra with prominent interpersonal features, namely schizotypy and psychopathy. Study 1 (n = 154) measured social reward processing using the Social Reward Questionnaire, and a modified version of a Monetary and Social Incentive Delay Task. Study 2 (n = 42; a subsample of Study 1) inve…

Conspecific social competence in domestic dogs: a theoretical framework for practitioners.

Conspecific social competence - the capacity of domestic dogs to engage in contextually appropriate interactions with other dogs - is a clinically significant yet systematically underaddressed construct in canine behavioural science. Existing approaches to reactivity and fear-based behaviour reduce problematic responses effectively, but are oriented toward managing conspecific exposure rather than developing genuine communicative and regulatory competence, and no framework currently exists for developing these capacities in adult dogs who have passed the early socialisation window. This paper

Oxytocin-MCH circuit regulates monosynaptic inputs to MCH neurons and modulates social recognition memory.

Oxytocin regulates social behaviors and has been linked to the etiology of autism and schizophrenia. Oxytocin and another hypothalamic neuro … s, and from the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. While OXTR-cKO mice exhibited similar social interactions as control mice, they displayed significantly impaired social recognition memory and increased stereotypic behavior. Our study identifies a selective role for the oxytocin-MCH pathway in social recognition memory and stereotyped behavior that are r …

fMRI Study of Social Anxiety during Social Ostracism with and without Emotional Support.

Social anxiety is characterized by an excessive fear of being embarrassed in social interactions or social performance situations. Emotional support can help to decrease or diminish social distress. Such support may play an important role at different points of social interaction. However, it is unclear how the beneficial effects of social support are represented in the brains of socially anxious individuals. To explore this, we used the same paradigm previously used to examine the effects of emotional support on social pain caused by exclusion. Undergraduates (n = 46) showing a wide range of …

Forebrain Control of Behaviorally Driven Social Orienting in Zebrafish.

Deficits in social engagement are diagnostic of multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia [1]. Genetically t … ing of social behavior and identify brain regions important for driving it. We characterized visual social interactions between pairs of adult zebrafish and discovered that they perform a stereotyped orienting behavior that reflects social attention [2]. Furthermore, in pairs of fish, the orienting behavior of one individual is the primary factor driving the same be …

Social fears and social phobia in the USA: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

BACKGROUND: Despite heightened awareness of the clinical significance of social phobia, information is still lacking about putative subtypes, functional impairment, and treatment-seeking. New epidemiologic data on these topics are presented from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). METHOD: The NCS-R is a nationally representative household survey fielded in 2001-2003. The World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) was used to assess 14 performance and interactional fears and DSM-IV social phobia. RESULTS: The estimated

Chronotype, Social Jet Lag, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Early Adolescence.

IMPORTANCE: Inadequate sleep duration and quality increase the risk of obesity. Sleep timing, while less studied, is important in adolescents because increasing evening preferences (chronotypes), early school start times, and irregular sleep schedules may cause circadian misalignment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations of chronotype and social jet lag with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in young adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Starting in 1999, Project Viva recruited pregnant women from eastern Massachusetts. Mother-child in-person visits occurred throughout childhood

Comorbid mental illness and criminalness implications for housing and treatment.

The relationship between mental illness, violence, and criminal behavior is complex, and involves a multifaceted interaction of biological, psychological, and social processes. In this article, we review the emerging research that examines the neurobiological and psychological factors that distinguish between persons with mental illness who do and who do not engage in crime and violence. Additionally, a novel model for understanding the interaction between mental illness and criminalness is proposed. (As defined by Morgan and colleagues, criminalness is defined as behavior that breaks laws and

The effect of ketotifen in rodent models of anxiety and on the behavioural consequences of withdrawing from treatment with drugs of abuse.

Ketotifen was compared to diazepam to inhibit aversive responding of the mouse in a black and white test box and in the rat social interaction test. Both drugs reduced aversive responding in the mouse to the brightly illuminated area of the test box and facilitated social interaction in the rat; ketotifen was approximately 100 times more potent than diazepam. The chronic administration of diazepam, ethanol, nicotine and cocaine in the mouse also reduced aversive responding but their withdrawal was associated with an increased behavioural suppression. The administration of ketotifen during the …

Protocol for Tracking and Automated Behavioral Quantification in Drosophila melanogaster.

To develop an open-source analytical tool that overcomes the limitations of traditional centroid-based tracking methods, we present a protocol to accurately analyze social interactions in freely behaving Drosophila pairs. Specifically, this protocol is inspired by the high-resolution network (HRNet) framework to simultaneously track five anatomical key points-head, thorax, abdomen, and left and right wing tips -aiming to generate high-resolution coordinate data for subsequent quantitative analysis of social behaviors. This protocol provides a complete workflow based on Python and a graphical u…

Socialization in the Context of Risk and Psychopathology: Maternal Emotion Socialization in Children of Incarcerated Mothers.

Children of incarcerated mothers are at increased risk for psychological, social, and emotional maladaptation. This research investigates whether perceived maternal socialization of sadness and anger may moderate these outcomes in a sample of 154 children (53.9% boys, 61.7% Black, M age = 9.38, range: 6 - 12), their 118 mothers (64.1% Black), and 118 caregivers (74.8% female, 61.9% grandparents, 63.2% Black). Using mother, caregiver, and child report, seven maternal socialization strategies were assessed in their interaction with incarceration-specific risk experiences predicting children's ad

Neural mechanisms of self-processing in autism: An ALE-based meta-analysis.

Self-processing in autism affects social interactions. By choosing 8 fMRI studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) self-processing, this study used ALE meta-analysis to investigate the brain underpinnings of self-processing in ASD. The findings revealed the following: (1) The capacity to make self-other distinctions and mirroring in social interactions is impacted by inadequate activation of brain areas of the mirror neuron system in ASD, which in turn impairs social interactions. (2) ASD activated more brain regions in self-processing than typically developing (TD) individuals. TD individual…

Perceived social support and associations with health-related quality of life in young versus older adult patients with haematological malignancies.

BackgroundThis study compared the perceived social support of young and older adult cancer patients, examining possible influencing factors as well as associations with health-related quality of life.MethodsA total of 179 young patients (18-39 years) and 200 older adult patients (> 70 years) with haematological malignancies completed questionnaires on their perceived social support (ISSS-8, scales: Positive Support and Detrimental Interactions, range 0-16) and health-related quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30). Tests for mean differences, correlations and regression analyses to determine associate

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… However, little research has been conducted on negative aspects of social interactions [ 21 ]. … Lincoln KD Social support, negative social interactions, and psychological well-being Soc Serv Rev 2000 74 2 231 252 10.1086/514478 26594064 PMC4651456 22. …

Belonging matters: The impact of social identification with classmates, friends, and family on interpersonal distance and bullying/cyberbullying in adolescence.

In adolescence individuals enlarge their social relationships and peer groups acquire a strong importance for their identity. Moreover, adol … provides new opportunities for psychologists in understanding the psychological dynamics that shape social interactions among adolescents.

AI-mediated participatory reading and relational well-being: a conceptual framework from contemporary China.

This article develops a conceptual model of how AI-mediated reading practices reshape the social and relational conditions through which reading may contribute to well-being in contemporary China. Focusing on new mass literature and arts, it examines reading not only as textual reception but also as a practice increasingly connected to algorithmic selection, generative response, editorial mediation, and reading-centered community interaction. Through a theory-synthesis and model-building conceptual analysis based on a purposive narrative review, the article proposes the "AI-mediated participat

Pathways to effective network governance: A fuzzy-set QCA study of tripartite collaboration efficiency with Chinese official Weibo data.

In response to the insufficient research on multiagent collaboration mechanisms in existing network governance studies, this paper identifies the key influencing factors of the tripartite collaboration efficiency using the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method, and employs Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to reveal the collaborative pathways of multiple factors. The 2022 Government Affairs Index Weibo Influence Report issued by the Chinese government is used as the primary data source, selecting five dimensions: platform support, public participation, service level, response

Polygenic risk scores for mood and related disorders and environmental factors: Interaction effects on wellbeing in the UK biobank.

Mood disorders have a genetic and environmental component and interactions (GxE) on the risk of psychiatric diseases have been investigated. The same GxE interactions may affect wellbeing measures, which go beyond categorical diagnoses and reflect the health-disease continuum. We evaluated GxE effects in the UK Biobank, considering as outcomes subjective wellbeing (feeling good and functioning well) and objective measures (education and income). We estimated the polygenic risk scores (PRSs) of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disor